The influence of previous understanding and relative confidence on adult maths learning : building adult understanding on a brownfield site

Expansion of Higher Education has resulted in increasing provision of Access and Foundation programmes, often aimed at mature learners. Adults returning to learn mathematics bring with them a wealth of prior understanding and expectations The two common teaching approaches, remedial 'fill in the gaps' or mythical 'start again', are popular with students but argued to be unrealistic because the teaching of adults is better likened to building on a brownfield site. The purpose of this research was to consider what understandings adults brought with them and explore how these understandings interacted with new learning. 203 foundation students were given questions, on proportional reasoning, percentage calculation and over-generalisations. Responses, and response hierarchies, were compared with those from children in the 1970's CSMS survey (Hart, 1981 a). Individual behaviours were then explored through interview using a framework developed from ideas of Schoenfeld (1992) and Leron and Hazzan (1997). It emerged that multiple interactions and choices of behaviour were taking place, indicating final answers, right or wrong, represented only one possibility from a selection of outcomes. Method selection might be influenced by number and beliefs in non-conservation of operation (Greer, 1994) causing potential difficulties for building new learning by method extrapolation. The habit of selt-checkinq and testing for reasonableness might cause difficulties when reasonableness could not be recognised or was counter-intuitive. Other themes identified included: the false recall of certain number calculations with potential for interference with diagnostic practices and the belief in the 'one right method' based on perceived outcome requirements or confidence from previous success, causing reluctance to consider more efficient or appropriate methods. This research highlights the benefits of making processes and choices explicit to teachers and students facilitating the integration of previous understandings with new ways of working without disempowerment and increasing the potential for new learning to be built

Wayne Dodd: 07-02-1982

Wayne Dodd was editor of The Ohio Review for 30 years. He begins this interview by discussing the connection of being a poet and an editor, and then reads his poem “Night Poem” and discusses the imagery. He continues by discussing the writers and readership of The Ohio Review, the process of choosing works for The Ohio Review, and how being a writer and reader influences his ability to choose fiction for the literary magazine. Dodd ends the interview by reading a poem titled “Remembering Rosalind” from a young poet published in The Ohio Review.https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/writers_videos/1018/thumbnail.jp

Applying the Rational Planning Model to Recreation Planning in Soul City

In February 1987, Floyd McKissick, St., the developer of Soul City, the federally assisted Title VIII new community, approached the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for assistance. Specifically, he requested that graduate students seek sources of funding for the Soul City Parks and Recreation Association (PRA). The PRA, which operated a pool and recreation complex for Soul City and the surrounding area, regularly sought money to cover deficit operating expenses. Without a long-term solution, the best alternative seemed to be the leasing of the facilities to Warren County. During the preliminary stages of our investigation, the PRA Board of Directors voted to lease their recreation facilities to the County. Therefore the original direction of our study, namely to secure funds for continued PRA operation of the facilities, had to be modified. This paper describes the resolution of the PRA crisis in the spring of 1987, and suggests new roles and future directions for the PRA now that a lease has been arranged with Warren County. Finally, this paper looks at long term issues for the "post-lease period," including the possibility of the incorporation of Soul City

Interviews with Charley King, Barbara Hall Maricle, Vern Kear, Sherry Smith, Elizabeth Stoskopt, Martha Margheim, Verna Schneider, Edith M. Hill, Master John Sackett, Rose Arnold, Olga Elizabeth Luschen Dennis, and Clarence Loredstsch

Interviews with Charley King, Barbara Hall Maricle, Vern Kear, Sherry Smith, Elizabeth Stoskopt, Martha Margheim, Verna Schneider, Edith M. Hill, Master John Sackett, Rose Arnold, Olga Elizabeth Luschen Dennis, and Clarence Loredstsch The first tape is missing. Content begins with the partial interview of Olga Elizabeth Luschen Dennis. 00:00:00 - Family in Russell County (partial) 00:01:02 - Meeting her husband for the first time 00:02:32 - Girlhood experiences and reminiscences 00:03:50 - Pre-recorded History of Fort Larned 00:07:04 - Unknown speaker, Kit Carson\u27s killing of a mule he mistook for an Indigenous American 00:10:46 - Buffalo Bill Cody 00:13:03 - Stories about the Kiowa 00:16:06 - Woodland Tribe in Pawnee County, KS 00:18:24 - Quivira Tribe in Pawnee County, KS 00:21:46 - Exhuming Indigenous remains in 1958 00:23:16 - Woodland Tribe pottery 00:27:32 - Dog skeleton 00:33:57 - Woodland Tribe weapons 00:35:42 - Woodland Tribe ornamentation 00:39:05 - Introduction to interview with Clarence Loredstsch by Louise Maxwell. This portion of the recording is muffled and difficult to understand. 00:39:43 - Fort Fletcher 00:45:30 - Graves and landmarkshttps://scholars.fhsu.edu/sackett/1054/thumbnail.jp

Feasibility study suggests no impact from protected engagement time on adverse events in mental health wards for older adults

Hospital adverse events, such as falls, violence and aggression, security, self-harm, and suicide, are difficult to manage in older people with dementia. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether protected engagement time (PET) resulted in lower adverse events and incidents compared to comparable non-PET wards for people admitted to inpatient older people's mental health wards. Ten inpatient wards for older people were included. Five followed a PET-management pathway, while five continued usual care. All adverse events and incidents were recorded in routine hospital records over 72 weeks. Data were gathered from these records and analysed as rate per person per week to assess differences in frequency and type of adverse events between wards. A total of 4130 adverse events were recorded. In the PET wards, a mean of 0.38 adverse events occurred per person per week compared to 0.40 in non-PET wards. No statistically-significant differences were found between PET and non-PET wards for adverse events (P = 0.93), or for adverse events of any particular type (P ≥ 0.15). Therefore, there is no evidence to suggest that PET has any impact on adverse events in older people's mental health wards. Further investigation with a larger cohort is warranted, using a definitive, phase 3, clinical trial

The von Hippel-Lindau Chuvash mutation in mice alters cardiac substrate and high energy phosphate metabolism

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) appears to function as a global master regulator of cellular and systemic responses to hypoxia. HIF-pathway manipulation is of therapeutic interest, however global, systemic upregulation of HIF may have as yet unknown effects on multiple processes. We utilized a mouse model of Chuvash polycythemia (CP), a rare genetic disorder which modestly increases expression of HIF target genes in normoxia, to understand what these effects might be within the heart. An integrated in and ex vivo approach was employed. In comparison to wild-type controls, CP mice had evidence (using in vivo MRI) of pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and increased left ventricular ejection fraction. Glycolytic flux (measured using 3H glucose) in the isolated, contracting, perfused CP heart was 1.8-fold higher. Net lactate efflux was 1.5-fold higher. Furthermore, in vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of hyperpolarized 13C1 pyruvate revealed a 2-fold increase in real-time flux through lactate dehydrogenase in the CP hearts, and a 1.6-fold increase through pyruvate dehydrogenase. 31P MRS of perfused CP hearts under increased workload (isoproterenol infusion) demonstrated increased depletion of phosphocreatine relative to ATP. Intriguingly, no changes in cardiac gene expression were detected. In summary, a modest systemic dysregulation of the HIF pathway resulted in clear alterations in cardiac metabolism and energetics. However, in contrast to studies generating high HIF levels within the heart, the CP mice showed neither the predicted changes in gene expression nor any degree of LV impairment. We conclude that the effects of manipulating HIF on the heart are dose-dependent. New and noteworthy This is the first integrative metabolic and functional study of the effects of modest HIF manipulation within the heart. Of particular note, the combination (and correlation) of perfused heart metabolic flux measurements with the new technique of real-time in vivo MR spectroscopy using hyperpolarized pyruvate is a novel development

Infundibular sparing versus transinfundibular approach to the repair of tetralogy of Fallot

IntroductionThe right ventricular infundibular sparing approach (RVIS) to the repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) avoids a full‐thickness ventricular incision, typically utilized in the transinfundibular (TI) method.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, age‐matched cohort study of patients who underwent RVIS at Texas Children’s Hospital or TI at Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Nebraska and subsequently underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). We compared right ventricular end‐diastolic and systolic volumes indexed to body surface area (RVEDVi and RVESVi) and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) as primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints were indexed left ventricular diastolic and systolic volume (LVEDVi and LVESVi), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular (RV) sinus ejection fraction (EF) and RV outflow tract EF (RVOT EF).ResultsSeventy‐nine patients were included in the analysis; 40 underwent RVIS and 39 underwent TI repair. None of the patients in the TI repair group had an initial palliation with a systemic to pulmonary arterial shunt compared to seven (18%) in the RVIS group (P < .01). There was no appreciable difference in RVEDVi (122 ± 29 cc/m2 vs 130 ± 29 cc/m2, P = .59) or pulmonary regurgitant fraction (40 ± 13 vs 37 ± 18, P = .29) between the RVIS and TI groups. Compared to the TI group, the RVIS group had higher RVEF (54 ± 6% vs 44 ± 9%, P < .01), lower RVESV (57 ± 17 cc/m2 vs 67 ± 25 cc/m2, P = .03), higher LVEF (61 ± 11% vs 54 ± 8%, P < .01), higher RVOT EF (47 ± 12% vs 41 ± 11%, P = .03), and higher RV sinus EF (56 ± 5% vs 49 ± 6%, P < .01)ConclusionsIn this selected cohort, patients who underwent RVIS repair for TOF had higher right and left ventricular ejection fraction compared to those who underwent TI repair.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152818/1/chd12863_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152818/2/chd12863.pd

The Association Between Maladaptive Metacognitive Beliefs and Emotional Distress in People Living With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

ObjectiveApproximately half of all people living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) experience persistent or recurrent emotional distress, yet little is known about the psychological processes that maintain emotional distress in this population. The self-regulatory executive functioning (S-REF) model specifies that maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and processes are central to the development and maintenance of emotional distress. This study explored whether maladaptive metacognitive beliefs are associated with emotional distress after controlling for demographic factors, time since diagnosis, and current level of physical functioning.DesignIn a cross-sectional design, 75 adults with a diagnosis of ALS completed self-report questionnaires. Participants had a mean age of 60.40 years, mean duration of symptoms 63.92 months, and male:female gender ratio of 14:11.Main Outcome MeasuresQuestionnaires assessed emotional distress (HADS, adapted for ALS), physical functioning (ALSFRS-R), repetitive negative thinking (RTQ-10), metacognitive beliefs (MCQ-30), and demographic factors.ResultsMaladaptive metacognitive beliefs explained additional variance in emotional distress after controlling for age, gender, time since diagnosis, physical functioning, and repetitive negative thinking. Repetitive negative thinking partially mediated the relationships between positive and negative metacognitive beliefs and emotional distress.ConclusionsThese data support the utility of the metacognitive model in understanding emotional distress in people with ALS. Examination of the temporal relationship between maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and emotional distress in people living with ALS may help to guide the development of therapeutic approaches.</jats:sec