Impurity-induced antiferromagnetic order in Pauli-limited nodal superconductors: application to heavy fermion CeCoIn5

We investigate the properties of the coexistence phase of itinerant antiferromagnetism and nodal $d$-wave superconductivity (Q-phase) discovered in heavy fermion CeCoIn5 under applied magnetic field. We solve the minimal model that includes $d$-wave superconductivity and underlying magnetic correlations in real space to elucidate the structure of the $Q$-phase in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. We further focus on the role of magnetic impurities, and show that they nucleate the Q-phase at lower magnetic fields. Our most crucial finding is that, even at zero applied field, dilute magnetic impurities cooperate via RKKY-like exchange interactions to generate a long-range ordered coexistence state identical to the Q-phase. This result is in agreement with recent neutron scattering measurements [S. Raymond et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. {\bf 83}, 013707 (2014)].Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Description of Aphasmatylenchus liberiensis n. sp., and observations on the other species of the genus Aphasmatylenchus Sher, 1965 (Nematoda : Hoplolaimidae)

La population d'#Aphasmatylenchus précédemment identifiée comme #A. nigeriensis par Vovlas et al. (1991) est considérée comme une nouvelle espèce, décrite et illustrée ici comme #A. liberiensis n. sp. ; ses principaux caractères distinctifs sont le premier anneau céphalique non divisé, l'absence de spermatozoïdes dans le tractus génital de la femelle et l'absence de mâles. Des observations en microscopie électronique à balayage et optique ont été conduites sur des populations ouest-africaines d'#Aphasmatylenchus ; la morphologie externe de la capsule céphalique est schématisée pour toutes les espèces du genre. La variabilité des structures externes est très faible, à l'exception de la configuration du premier anneau céphalique. Des fasciculi ont été observés pour la première fois chez #A. nigeriensis provenant du Sud-Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire, tandis que des appendices filiformes ont été détectés sur la marge de la lèvre cloacale antérieure chez #A. straturatus et #A. variabilis, appendices précédemment identifiés dans le genre #Radopholus ; la présence de nerfs dans ces structures ne peut pas être confirmée au microscopie électronique à balayage. (Résumé d'auteur

Differential Response of Bacterial Microdiversity to Simulated Global Change

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS UC Irvine and the LRGCE are located on the ancestral homelands of the Indigenous Kizh and Acjachemen nations. We thank Alejandra Rodriguez Verdugo, Katrine Whiteson, Kendra Walters, Cynthia Rodriguez, Kristin Barbour, Alberto Barron Sandoval, Joanna Wang, Joia Kai Capocchi, Pauline Uyen Phuong Nguyen, Khanh Thuy Huynh, and Clara Barnosky for their input on analyses and previous drafts and for laboratory help. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research grants DE-SC0016410 and DE-SC0020382.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Ionization of oriented targets by intense circularly polarized laser pulses: Imprints of orbital angular nodes in the 2D momentum distribution

We solve the three-dimensional time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation for a few-cycle circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulse interacting with an oriented target exemplified by an Argon atom, initially in a $3\text{p}_{x}$ or $3\text{p}_{y}$ state. The photoelectron momentum distributions show distinct signatures of the orbital structure of the initial state as well as the carrier-envelope phase of the applied pulse. Our \textit{ab initio} results are compared with results obtained using the length-gauge strong-field approximation, which allows for a clear interpretation of the results in terms of classical physics. Furthermore, we show that ionization by a circularly polarized pulse completely maps out the angular nodal structure of the initial state, thus providing a potential tool for studying orbital symmetry in individual systems or during chemical reactions

The Effect of Nitrogen Enrichment on C1-Cycling Microorganisms and Methane Flux in Salt Marsh Sediments

Methane (CH4) flux from ecosystems is driven by C1-cycling microorganisms – the methanogens and the methylotrophs. Little is understood about what regulates these communities, complicating predictions about how global change drivers such as nitrogen enrichment will affect methane cycling. Using a nitrogen addition gradient experiment in three Southern California salt marshes, we show that sediment CH4 flux increased linearly with increasing nitrogen addition (1.23 μg CH4 m−2 day−1 for each g N m−2 year−1 applied) after 7 months of fertilization. To test the reason behind this increased CH4 flux, we conducted a microcosm experiment altering both nitrogen and carbon availability under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Methanogenesis appeared to be both nitrogen and carbon (acetate) limited. N and C each increased methanogenesis by 18%, and together by 44%. In contrast, methanotrophy was stimulated by carbon (methane) addition (830%), but was unchanged by nitrogen addition. Sequence analysis of the sediment methylotroph community with the methanol dehydrogenase gene (mxaF) revealed three distinct clades that fall outside of known lineages. However, in agreement with the microcosm results, methylotroph abundance (assayed by qPCR) and composition (assayed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis) did not vary across the experimental nitrogen gradient in the field. Together, these results suggest that nitrogen enrichment to salt marsh sediments increases methane flux by stimulating the methanogen community

Ionization of 1D and 3D oriented asymmetric top molecules by intense circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on strong-field ionization of a three-dimensionally oriented asymmetric top molecule, benzonitrile (C$_7$H$_5$N), by circularly polarized, nonresonant femtosecond laser pulses. Prior to the interaction with the strong field, the molecules are quantum-state selected using a deflector, and 3-dimensionally (3D) aligned and oriented adiabatically using an elliptically polarized laser pulse in combination with a static electric field. A characteristic splitting in the molecular frame photoelectron momentum distribution reveals the position of the nodal planes of the molecular orbitals from which ionization occurs. The experimental results are supported by a theoretical tunneling model that includes and quantifies the splitting in the momentum distribution. The focus of the present article is to understand strong-field ionization from 3D-oriented asymmetric top molecules, in particular the suppression of electron emission in nodal planes of molecular orbitals. In the preceding article [Dimitrovski et al., Phys. Rev. A 83, 023405 (2011)] the focus is to understand the strong-field ionization of one-dimensionally-oriented polar molecules, in particular asymmetries in the emission direction of the photoelectrons.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure

Daylight: What Makes a Difference

Light is necessary for vision; it enables us to sense and perceive our surroundings and in many direct and indirect ways, via eye and skin, affects our physiological and psychological health. The use of light in built environments has comfort, behavioural, economic and environmental consequences. Daylight has many particular benefits including excellent visual performance, permitting good eyesight, effective entrainment of the circadian system as well as a number of acute non-image forming effects and the important role of vitamin D production. Some human responses to daylight seem to be well defined whilst others require more research to be adequately understood. This paper presents an overview of current knowledge on how the characteristics of daylight play a role in fulfilling these and other functions often better than electric lighting as conventionally delivered

Evaluation expérimentale de stratégies de déploiement de gènes de résistance pour la gestion durable des nématodes à galles

Dans le cadre de projets soutenus par l'ANR Systerra et le GIS PICLeg (projets "Sysbiotel" et "Neoleg") menés en collaboration entre l'INRA PACA, l'IRD, l'APREL, la Chambre d'Agriculture du 06 et des entreprises privées de sélection de semences, plusieurs stratégies de déploiement de gènes de résistance ont été évaluées pendant 3 ans sur le terrain en conditions agronomiques pour mettre au point une gestion raisonnée des cultivars résistants permettant de gérer de manière durable les problèmes de nématodes à galles des racines. L'alternance des gènes de résistance dans la rotation et le "pyramiding" de gènes dans un même cultivar se sont révélés extrêmement efficaces pour supprimer l'émergence de populations virulentes et réduire les taux d'infestation du sol de plus de 80% en 3 ans. Un nouveau projet INRA "Gedunem", mis en place dans le cadre du Métaprogramme INRA SMaCH (Sustainable Management of Crop Health), vise maintenant à associer ces innovations variétales aux autres méthodes de lutte disponibles (gestion de l'interculture, plantes non hôtes, prophylaxie) afin de maintenir une pression parasitaire faible, tout en évaluant ces nouveaux systèmes de culture du point de vue agronomique et socio-économique