A reforma agrária no segundo mandato de Fernando Henrique Cardoso.

Já no primeiro mandato do presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso, a política agrária sofreu reorientações significativas, que marcariam seu segundo mandato, a partir da nomeação de Raul Jungmann como ministro do Desenvolvimento Agrário. A reforma agrária finalmente encontrou o seu sujeito, a agricultura familiar, e o Estado encontrou a sua missão agrária como gestor do território. Foram assim estabelecidas as bases concretas para o exercício da função social da propriedade, recuperando o Estado, na prática, o domínio eminente do território do país. Importante providência nesse sentido foi a anulação dos títulos irregulares de propriedade de sessenta milhões de hectares de terra. O governo firmou a prerrogativa do Estado de "rotinizar" a redistribuição da terra concentrada e regular e assegurar o direito de propriedade em associação com a dupla alternativa de dois modelos agrícolas conviventes: o agronegócio e a agricultura familiar

Acidente com hipoclorito de sódio

A redução do número de microrganismos presentes nos canais radiculares é fundamental para o sucesso da terapia endodôntica e, para conseguir isto, os Médicos Dentistas utilizam substâncias químicas. O hipoclorito de sódio é uma das principais substâncias químicas utilizadas como auxiliar na preparação do sistema de canais radiculares, dada a sua capacidade de dissolução da matéria orgânica e o seu efeito anti-microbiano. Porém, durante o uso deste irrigante pode ocorrer algum imprevisto como um acidente ou uma complicação e o Médico Dentista deve ter conhecimento suficiente para prevenir estas situações e saber também tratá-las quando necessário. O objectivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revisão na literatura sobre o correto manuseamento do hipoclorito de sódio e também descrever os acidentes/complicações que podem advir da utilização do mesmo, mostrando aos Médicos Dentistas a importância de conhecer as suas propriedades, para saber evitar/lidar com estas situações indesejáveis.Reducing the number of microorganisms present in the root canals system is critical to the success of endodontic therapy, and in order to do this, Dentists use chemicals. Sodium hypochlorite is one of the main chemical substances used as a valuable aid in the shaping of the root canal system, due to its dissolution capacity of organic matter and its antimicrobial effect. However, during the use of this irrigant there may be some unforeseen as an accident or a complication and the Dentist must have sufficient knowledge to prevent such situations and also to know how to treat them when they happen. The objective of this work is to review the literature on the correct handling of sodium hypochlorite and also to describe the accidents / complications that can occur when using this irrigant, showing to the clinicians the importance of knowing their properties, in order to know how to avoid and deal with these undesirable situations

Environment-Friendly Flame Retardants for Bio-Based Polyurethanes

Finding alternative ways to decrease the large consumption of non-renewable resources has been one of the greatest challenges faced by the industry and academia. The trend of using bio-renewable-based materials is an interesting alternative to tackle environmental issues as well as provide economically viable materials. In this work, carvone, an essential oil, was used to synthesize a bio-based polyol through a thiol-ene reaction. The chemical functions were analyzed through Fourier transformed infrared spectrum (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), viscosity, and hydroxyl number, which confirmed the synthesis of carvone-based polyol. The latter was then physically blended with three different flame-retardants separately: expandable graphite (EG), aluminum trihydroxide (ATH), and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP). This facile method was demonstrated to be efficient as the inherently poor resistance to fire of polyurethane foams (PUF) was decreased due to the self-quenching fire properties. During the testing for the foams, it was observed that all three sets had a closed-cell content of around 95%, density in the range of 28-50 kg/m3, and average compressive strength of 210 kPa. Also, the flame retardancy presented a drastic decrease in the burning time and weight loss as the neat sample burned from 98 s and 40.7% and dropped to 11 s and 3.55 % (EG), 58 s, and 12.23 % (ATH), and 5.2 s and 3.6 % (AHP), respectively. Hence, an effective, and facile route to develop bio-based flame-retardant polyurethane is presented in this thesis, showing promising large-scale applications

Shotgun Mass Spectrometry Workflow Combining IEF and LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF

We present a high throughput shotgun mass spectrometry workflow using a bidimensional peptide fractionation procedure consisting of isoelectric focusing and RP-HPLC prior to mass spectrometric analysis, with the aim of optimizing peptide separation and protein identification. As part of the workflow we used the ‘Isotope-Coded Protein Labeling’ (ICPL) method for accurate relative quantitation of protein expression. Such workflow was successfully applied to a comparative proteome analysis of schizophrenia versus healthy control brain tissues and can be an alternative to proteome researches

Proteomics, Metabolomics, And Protein Interactomics In The Characterization Of The Molecular Features Of Major Depressive Disorder.

Omics technologies emerged as complementary strategies to genomics in the attempt to understand human illnesses. In general, proteomics technologies emerged earlier than those of metabolomics for major depressive disorder (MDD) research, but both are driven by the identification of proteins and/or metabolites that can delineate a comprehensive characterization of MDD's molecular mechanisms, as well as lead to the identification of biomarker candidates of all types-prognosis, diagnosis, treatment, and patient stratification. Also, one can explore protein and metabolite interactomes in order to pinpoint additional molecules associated with the disease that had not been picked up initially. Here, results and methodological aspects of MDD research using proteomics, metabolomics, and protein interactomics are reviewed, focusing on human samples.1663-7

The first analytical expression to estimate photometric redshifts suggested by a machine

We report the first analytical expression purely constructed by a machine to determine photometric redshifts ($z_{\rm phot}$) of galaxies. A simple and reliable functional form is derived using $41,214$ galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 (SDSS-DR10) spectroscopic sample. The method automatically dropped the $u$ and $z$ bands, relying only on $g$, $r$ and $i$ for the final solution. Applying this expression to other $1,417,181$ SDSS-DR10 galaxies, with measured spectroscopic redshifts ($z_{\rm spec}$), we achieved a mean $\langle (z_{\rm phot} - z_{\rm spec})/(1+z_{\rm spec})\rangle\lesssim 0.0086$ and a scatter $\sigma_{(z_{\rm phot} - z_{\rm spec})/(1+z_{\rm spec})}\lesssim 0.045$ when averaged up to $z \lesssim 1.0$. The method was also applied to the PHAT0 dataset, confirming the competitiveness of our results when faced with other methods from the literature. This is the first use of symbolic regression in cosmology, representing a leap forward in astronomy-data-mining connection.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter