Causando encontros com a arte pelas fissuras da nutrição estética e mediação cultural

This article presents two concepts: aesthetic nutrition and cultural mediation, which base a work methodology focused on the training of educators. For the concepts to be experienced, the text brings the revived and interpreted experience of Lygia Clark’s proposal entitled Walking and the reading of a photograph of Rita Demarchi in an exhibition by Claudia Andujar at the Moreira Salles Institute / São Paulo. Taking into account the importance of provoking encounters with art, beyond its teaching, aesthetic nutrition can be the trigger for the sensitive encounter with art, arousing curiosity, sharpening perception and imagination and interest to deepen knowledge. The special attention to the other that lives the experience, the listening and the sensitive observation, as well as the silence, become intercessors in the cultural mediation that can open a space for the conversation, the interchange, when looking extended by the gaze of others. To make the encounter with art an aesthetic experience, as Dewey (2010) would say, is to revive it and in it, we act, wrapped, removed from the anesthesia that blinds us or from the indifference that separates us from art.Este artículo presenta dos conceptos: nutrición estética y mediación cultural, que fundamentan una metodología de trabajo centrada en la formación de educadores. Para que los conceptos puedan ser experimentados, el texto trae la experiencia revivida e interpretada de la propuesta de Lygia Clark titulada Caminando y la lectura de una fotografía de Rita Demarchi en una exposición de Claudia Andujar en el Instituto Moreira Salles / São Paulo. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de provocar encuentros con el arte, más allá de su enseñanza, la nutrición estética puede ser el gatillo para el encuentro sensible con el arte, despertando la curiosidad, aguzando la percepción y la imaginación y el interés para profundizar el conocimiento. La atención especial al otro que vive la experiencia, la escucha y la observación sensible, así como el silencio, se convierten en intercesores en la mediación cultural que puede abrir un espacio para la conversación, el cambio, al mirar ampliado por la mirada de otros. Hacer que el encuentro con el arte sea una experiencia estética, como diría Dewey (2010), es revivirla y en él ella actuamos, envueltos, retirados de la anestesia que nos ciega o de la indiferencia que nos aleja del arte.Este artigo apresenta dois conceitos: nutrição estética e mediação cultural, subjacentes a uma metodologia de trabalho focada na formação de educadores. Para os conceitos a serem experimentados, o texto traz a experiência revivida e interpretada da proposta de Lygia Clark, intitulada Caminhando e a leitura de uma fotografia de Rita Demarchi em uma exposição de Claudia Andujar no Instituto Moreira Salles / São Paulo. Levando em consideração a importância de provocar encontros com a arte, além de seu ensino, a nutrição estética pode ser o gatilho para o encontro sensível com a arte, despertando curiosidade, aguçando a percepção e a imaginação e o interesse em aprofundar o conhecimento. A atenção especial ao outro que vive a experiência, a escuta e a observação sensível, bem como o silêncio, tornam-se intercessores na mediação cultural que pode abrir um espaço para a conversa, a mudança, ao olhar estendido pelo olhar dos outros. Tornar o encontro com a arte uma experiência estética, como diria Dewey (2010), é revivê-la e, nela, agimos, envolvidos, afastados da anestesia que nos cega ou da indiferença que nos separa da arte

Energias Renováveis e Não Renováveis

Energias Renováveis e Não Renovávei

Energias Renováveis e Não Renováveis

Energias Renováveis e Não Renovávei

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Atividade leishmanicida in vitro de Eugenia uniflora e Momordica charantia

A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no Brasil é causada por uma variedade de espécies de Leishmania e uma grande diversidade destes parasitas pode ser encontrada na Região Amazônica. Revisões recentes na quimioterapia de leishmaniose enfatizam as deficiências dos agentes terapêuticos atualmente disponíveis e mostram a necessidade urgente de novos candidatos. Uma alternativa para substituir esses medicamentos são extratos naturais de Eugenia uniflora e Momordica charantia. Foram preparados extratos etanólicos das folhas de E. uniflora e M. charantia. Para os testes in vitro de Leishmania brasiliensis foram utilizadas formas promastigotas. O ensaio de citotoxicidade foi realizado com linhagens de fibroblastos. Nossos resultados indicam que E. uniflora foi eficaz contra a cepa de parasita testada, representando uma fonte alternativa de produtos naturais com atividade contra L. brasiliensis

O Público Infantil nos Museus

Resumo: Este texto apresenta reflexões acerca das relações entre cultura, educação e infância, a partir de estudos que se debruçaram sobre a temática da infância e dos museus, e do acompanhamento das visitas realizadas pelo público infantil ao Museu Internacional de Arte Naïf do Brasil, localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A investigação teve como objetivo contribuir para o diálogo entre os campos da Educação e da Museologia com vistas à garantia do direito de acesso e ao atendimento de qualidade das crianças pequenas a esses espaços. Com os resultados da pesquisa, foi aferido que os museus possuem um enorme potencial no desenvolvimento de momentos lúdicos de aprendizagem para o público infantil, desde que se diminua a lacuna nos estudos teóricos que elucidam as especificidades da infância nesses espaços

Antiprotozoan lead discovery by aligning dry and wet screening: Prediction, synthesis, and biological assay of novel quinoxalinones

Protozoan parasites have been one of the most significant public health problems for centuries and several human infections caused by them have massive global impact. Most of the current drugs used to treat these illnesses have been used for decades and have many limitations such as the emergence of drug resistance, severe side-effects, low-to-medium drug efficacy, administration routes, cost, etc. These drugs have been largely neglected as models for drug development because they are majorly used in countries with limited resources and as a consequence with scarce marketing possibilities. Nowadays, there is a pressing need to identify and develop new drug-based antiprotozoan therapies. In an effort to overcome this problem, the main purpose of this study is to develop a QSARs-based ensemble classifier for antiprotozoan drug-like entities from a heterogeneous compounds collection. Here, we use some of the TOMOCOMD-CARDD molecular descriptors and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to derive individual linear classification functions in order to discriminate between antiprotozoan and non-antiprotozoan compounds as a way to enable the computational screening of virtual combinatorial datasets and/or drugs already approved. Firstly, we construct a wide-spectrum benchmark database comprising of 680 organic chemicals with great structural variability (254 of them antiprotozoan agents and 426 to drugs having other clinical uses). This series of compounds was processed by a k-means cluster analysis in order to design training and predicting sets. In total, seven discriminant functions were obtained, by using the whole set of atom-based linear indices. All the LDA-based QSAR models show accuracies above 85% in the training set and values of Matthews correlation coefficients (C) vary from 0.70 to 0.86. The external validation set shows rather-good global classifications of around 80% (92.05% for best equation). Later, we developed a multi-agent QSAR classification system, in which the individual QSAR outputs are the inputs of the aforementioned fusion approach. Finally, the fusion model was used for the identification of a novel generation of lead-like antiprotozoan compounds by using ligand-based virtual screening of 'available' small molecules (with synthetic feasibility) in our 'in-house' library. A new molecular subsystem (quinoxalinones) was then theoretically selected as a promising lead series, and its derivatives subsequently synthesized, structurally characterized, and experimentally assayed by using in vitro screening that took into consideration a battery of five parasite-based assays. The chemicals 11(12) and 16 are the most active (hits) against apicomplexa (sporozoa) and mastigophora (flagellata) subphylum parasites, respectively. Both compounds depicted good activity in every protozoan in vitro panel and they did not show unspecific cytotoxicity on the host cells. The described technical framework seems to be a promising QSAR-classifier tool for the molecular discovery and development of novel classes of broad - antiprotozoan - spectrum drugs, which may meet the dual challenges posed by drug-resistant parasites and the rapid progression of protozoan illnesses. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe