Consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas entre estudantes de medicina de uma capital do Brasil

Introdução: O uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas é um problema de saúde pública mundial, trazendo sérios problemas aos indivíduos que fazem o uso e para as pessoas que estão ao seu redor. Foi observado que o uso entre estudantes do curso de medicina parece ser maior comparado com outros jovens, o que gera uma contradição, tendo em vista que esse comportamento acaba não refletindo o maior acesso e conhecimento sobre informações científicas a respeito dos problemas que esse consumo trás. Objetivo: Determinar o padrão de consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas entre os estudantes de medicina Metodologia: Estudo observacional transversal, incluindo estudantes de medicina da capital do Paraná. Realizou-se a coleta de dados por meio de questionário online a respeito do consumo dessas drogas e aplicação de questionários validados. Os resultados foram expressos por médias, desvios padrões, frequências e percentuais. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: Evidenciou-se um maior consumo de bebidas alcoólicas entre o sexo feminino. Um maior consumo de tabaco relacionado com influência de familiares e amigos. Maior consumo de drogas ilícitas com o passar do curso, principalmente durante o internato. Conclusão: Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos, mostra-se a importância de abordar esse tema com os universitários de uma maneira a incentivar frear esse consumo, avaliar o nível do estresse que os alunos estão passando, buscando formas de fazer com que não usem as drogas como meio para se distrair, bloqueando esse ciclo vicioso.Introduction: The use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs is a global public health problem, bringing serious issues to users and people around them. It was observed that the use among medical students seems to be higher compared to other young people, which reveals a contradiction, given that this behavior fails to reflect the greater access to scientific information and knowledge about the problems caused by this consumption. Objective: To determine the pattern of consumption of licit and illicit drugs among medical students. Methodology: Cross-sectional observational study on medical students from the capital of Paraná. Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire about the consumption of these drugs and application of validated questionnaires. Results were expressed as means, standard deviations and frequencies; p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: There was a greater consumption of alcoholic beverages among females. A greater consumption of tobacco related to the influence of family and friends. Increasing consumption of illicit drugs over time in medical school, especially during internship. Conclusion: In view of the results, the importance of addressing this issue to university students is shown in a way to curb consumption, assess the level of stress students are experiencing, looking for ways to make them not use drugs as means of recreation, blocking this vicious cycle

In Vivo Model of Osteoarthritis to Compare Allogenic Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells and Autologous Adipose Derived Cells

SIMPLE SUMMARY: An early resolution of osteoarthritis (OA), through minimally invasive orthobiological solutions, would be important to enable a return to daily and sport activities, and delay prosthesis solutions. No study has yet evaluated amniotic epithelial stem cells (AECs) in OA. They could be considered a valid alternative to adipose derived cells, expanded or concentrated, because they differentiate into three lineages and express mesenchymal and embryonic markers, without a tumorigenic phenotype. The innovative aspects of this study are the comparison of three injective orthobiological treatments, the in vivo use of AECs in OA, and the evaluation of structural and inflammatory fronts of OA for up to six months. ABSTRACT: The challenge of osteoarthritis (OA) is to find a minimally invasive orthobiological therapy to contrast OA progression, on inflammatory and structural fronts. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of an intra-articular injection of three orthobiological treatments, autologous culture expanded adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs), autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and allogenic culture expanded amniotic epithelial stem cells (AECs), in an animal model of OA. OA was induced in 24 sheep by bilateral lateral meniscectomy and, at 3 and 6 months post-treatment, the results were analyzed with macroscopy, histology, histomorphometry, and biochemistry. All the three treatments showed better results than control (injection of NaCl), but SVF and AECs showed superiority over ADSCs, because they induced higher cartilage regeneration and lower inflammation. SVF showed better results than AECs at 3 and 6 months. To conclude, SVF seems to be more favorable than the other biological options, because it is easily obtained and rapidly used after harvesting, with good healing potential. AECs cause no discomfort and could be also considered for the treatment of OA joints

Tissue engineering for total meniscal substitution : Animal study in sheep model

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the use of a novel hyaluronic acid/polycaprolactone material for meniscal tissue engineering and to evaluate the tissue regeneration after the augmentation of the implant with expanded autologous chondrocytes. Two different surgical implantation techniques in a sheep model were evaluated. Methods: Twenty-four skeletally mature sheep were treated with total medial meniscus replacements, while two meniscectomies served as empty controls. The animals were divided into two groups: cell-free scaffold and scaffold seeded with autologous chondrocytes. Two different surgical techniques were compared: in 12 animals, the implant was sutured to the capsule and to the meniscal ligament; in the other 12 animals, also a transtibial fixation of the horns was used. The animals were euthanized after 4 months. The specimens were assessed by gross inspection and histology. Results: All implants showed excellent capsular ingrowth at the periphery. Macroscopically, no difference was observed between cell-seeded and cell-free groups. Better implant appearance and integrity was observed in the group without transosseous horns fixation. Using the latter implantation technique, lower joint degeneration was observed in the cell-seeded group with respect to cell-free implants. The histological analysis indicated cellular infiltration and vascularization throughout the implanted constructs. Cartilaginous tissue formation was significantly more frequent in the cell-seeded constructs. Conclusion: The current study supports the potential of a novel HYAFF/polycaprolactone scaffold for total meniscal substitution. Seeding of the scaffolds with autologous chondrocytes provides some benefit in the extent of fibrocartilaginous tissue repair

Lights and shadows concerning platelet products for musculoskeletal regeneration.

Various types of platelet (PLT) products, such as Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Platelet Gel (PG), derived from autologous peripheral blood, have been used for tissue repair. The good clinical outcomes, due mainly to their safety and Growth Factor (GF) content, have led to a wide use of PLT products in many fields of medicine. However, until now the existing literature adds controversies to the use of PLT concentrates. When talking about PLTs and their products, a great number of variables have to be considered. These variables are mainly related to PRP preparation methods, the type of activators, intra- and inter-species variability, types of pathology to be treated, the ways and times of administration and the association of PRP or PG with other treatments. This review considers and discusses these causes of variability with particular attention to orthopaedic implications. The possibility of improving the knowledge on variables affecting therapeutic efficacy will surely help in addressing the best combination of factors implied in the different steps of PLT concentrate preparation and use

VALIDAÇÃO DE CONTEÚDO DE UM INSTRUMENTO PARA CONSULTA DE ENFERMAGEM EM INFECÇÕES SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSÍVEIS

Objective: to validate the content of an investigation instrument for the application of the Nursing process in sexually transmitted infections. Method: cross-sectional study of the methodological type of content validation with expert judges with a quantitative design. As a theoretical reference, the theory of Basic Human Needs, proposed by Wanda Aguiar Horta, was used. As empirical material, the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections were used. Results: the reformulations suggested by the expert judges were considered and included in the final version. The validation made it possible to verify the precision of the instrument, composed of 32 terms after two rounds of validation. Conclusion: the development of health technologies and the use of a validated instrument for the nursing process make it possible to direct care and improve the quality of care, standardizing records and ensuring greater patient safety.Objetivo: validar el contenido de un instrumento de investigación para la aplicación del proceso de Enfermería en las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Método: estudio transversal del tipo metodológico de validación de contenido con jueces expertos con diseño cuantitativo. Como referente teórico se utilizó la teoría de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas, propuesta por Wanda Aguiar Horta. Como material empírico se utilizó el Protocolo Clínico y Guías Terapéuticas de Atención Integral a Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual. Resultados: las reformulaciones sugeridas por los jueces expertos fueron consideradas e incluidas en la versión final. La validación permitió verificar la precisión del instrumento, compuesto por 32 términos después de dos rondas de validación. Conclusión: el desarrollo de tecnologías en salud y la utilización de un instrumento validado para el proceso de enfermería posibilitan direccionar el cuidado y mejorar la calidad de la atención, estandarizando los registros y garantizando mayor seguridad al paciente.Objetivo: validar o conteúdo de um instrumento de investigação para aplicação do processo de Enfermagem em infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Método: estudo transversal do tipo metodológico de validação de conteúdo com juízes especialistas com delineamento quantitativo. Como referencial teórico, utilizou-se a teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas, proposta por Wanda Aguiar Horta. Como material empírico, utilizou-se o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Resultados: foram consideradas e incluídas na versão final as reformulações sugeridas pelos juízes especialistas. A validação possibilitou verificar a precisão do instrumento, composto por 32 termos após duas rodadas de validação. Conclusão: o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de saúde e o uso de um instrumento validado para o processo de enfermagem possibilitam o direcionamento de cuidados e melhorias na qualidade da assistência, padronizando os registros e garantindo maior segurança ao paciente. Descritores: Teoria de Enfermagem. Consulta de Enfermagem. Estudos de validação. Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Processo de Enfermagem

Association of fruits and vegetables consumption and related-vitamins with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in prediabetic individuals

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Dietary guidelines of 5 servings per day of fruits and vegetables (FV) offer a reasonable amount of vitamins to control organic processes, which may contribute to a favorable cardiometabolic profile. This study aimed at investigating whether the intake of the FV group as well as pro-vitamin A carotenoids and vitamins C and E were associated with circulating markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance in Brazilians individuals at cardiometabolic risk.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud This cross-sectional study included 205 individuals screened for diabetes prevention program in a healthcare center from the School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, conducted in 2008. Possible associations of consumption of FV group, as well as pro-vitamin A carotenoids and vitamins C and E, with circulating markers of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase – SOD and oxidized LDL – oxLDL), inflammation (C reactive protein, TNF-α and adiponectin) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were investigated. Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA and multiple linear regression were employed.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud The sample (64.7% women) had a mean age of 54.1 ± 12.7 years and body mass index of 30.7 ± 5.7 kg/m2. Dietary, physical activity, anthropometric and laboratory data were obtained. Participants consumed a mean of 3.8 servings/day of FV; their FV intake was categorized into three groups: <2.5, 2.5-5.0 and >5.0 servings/day. Significant trends for lower waist circumference (103.4 ± 13.6 vs. 100.1 ± 12.2 vs. 98.2 ± 12.7 cm, p-trend <0.05) and higher adiponectin concentrations (10.4 ± 1.8 vs. 11.9 ± 1.9 vs. 13.6 ± 2.1 ng/mL, p-trend <0.05) were detected across categories. Associations between SOD concentrations (β 0.172 [0.110-0.688]) with FV consumption and between oxLDL concentrations with vitamins C (β -0.333 [−2.568 – -0.218]) and E (β -0.354 [−1.131– -0.110]) intakes, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, saturated fat intake, smoking and physical activity were found. Similar results were observed for the associations between oxLDL and FV intake, but significance disappeared adding adjustment for saturated fat, smoking and physical activity.\ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud Our data suggest that the intake of FV or selected vitamins may be useful for identifying the oxidative stress and inflammation involved in the genesis of cardiometabolic diseases and for motivating at-risk patients for changing dietary habits.This work was supported by a grant from The São Paulo Foundation for\ud Research Support – FAPESP and from Coordination for Improvement of\ud Graduate Personnel – CAPES (Brazil)