66 research outputs found
Bicarbonate-Triggered In Vitro Capacitation of Boar Spermatozoa Conveys an Increased Relative Abundance of the Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Cation (TRPC) Channels 3, 4, 6 and 7 and of CatSper-Îł Subunit mRNA Transcripts
Sperm capacitation is a stepwise complex biochemical process towards fertilization. It includes a crucial early calcium (Ca2+) transport mediated by CatSper channels and Canonical Transient Potential Channels (TRPC). We studied the relative abundance of mRNA transcripts changes of the CatSper ÎČ, Îł and ÎŽ subunits and TRPC-channels 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 in pig spermatozoa, after triggering in vitro capacitation by bicarbonate ions at levels present in vivo at the fertilization site. For this purpose, we analyzedfive5 ejaculate pools (from three fertile adult boars) before (control-fresh samples) and after in vitro exposure to capacitation conditions (37 mM NaHCO3, 2.25 mM CaCl2, 2 mM caffeine, 0.5% bovine serum albumin and 310 mM lactose) at 38 °C, 5% CO2 for 30 min. In vitro capacitation using bicarbonate elicits an increase in the relative abundance of mRNA transcripts of almost all studied Ca2+ channels, except CatSper-ÎŽ and TRPC1 (significantly reduced). These findings open new avenues of research to identify the specific role of each channel in boar sperm capacitation and elucidate the physiological meaning of the changes on sperm mRNA cargo
Single layer centrifugation (SLC) for bacterial removal with Porcicoll positively modifies chromatin structure in boar spermatozoa
The storage of boar semen samples at 17 degrees C for artificial insemination (AI) doses enables the proliferation of the bacteria, making antibiotics necessary. This can contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study tested bacterial presence and sperm chromatin structure after using a low-density colloid (Porcicoll) as an antibiotic alternative to eliminate bacteria. Ejaculates (8 boars, 3 ejac-ulates each) were split as control and low-density colloid centrifugation (single layer centrifugation, SLC, 20%, and 30% Porcicoll) into 500 ml tubes. Analyses were carried out at days 0, 3, and 7 (17 degrees C) for microbial presence and sperm chromatin structure analysis: %DFI (DNA fragmentation) and %HDS (chromatin immaturity), monobromobimane (mBBr; free thiols and disulfide bridges), and chromomycin A3 (CMA3; chromatin compaction). Besides comparing bacterial presence (7 species identified) and chromatin variables between treatments, the associations between these sets of variables were described by canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Results showed a significant decrease of some bacteria or a complete removal after SLC (especially for P30). SLC also caused a decrease of %HDS and an increase of disulfide bridges and low and medium mBBr populations, suggesting the removal of immature sperm (poor chromatin compaction). CCA showed an association pattern compatible with the degradation of sperm chromatin parameters with bacterial contamination, especially Enterobacteria, P. aeuriginosa, and K. variicola. In conclusion, bacterial contamination affects sperm chromatin beyond DNA fragmentation; SLC with low-density colloid not only removes bacteria from boar semen, but also chromatin structure is enhanced after selection.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc
Melatonin affects red deer spermatozoa motility and physiology in capacitating and non-capacitating conditions
Melatonin affects sperm physiology, possibly through membrane receptors. Effects were tested at low concentrations (1 pM, 100 pM, 10 nM and 1 mu M) in red deer epididymal spermatozoa as a model for high-seasonality species. Samples were incubated with melatonin as uncapacitated or capacitating conditions (heparin) and evaluated for motility and physiology (flow cytometry). Most effects occurred at low concentrations (nM-pM), mainly protecting from apoptosis and maintaining acrosomal integrity, suggesting a role for membrane receptors rather than a direct antioxidant effect. Intracellular calcium was not affected, differing from other studies and perhaps because of the epididymal origin. This study supports the relevance of melatonin on sperm physiology and could contribute to the application of reproductive technologies in wild ruminants
On finite groups with square-free conjugacy class sizes
We report on finite groups having square-free conjugacy class sizes, in particular in the framework of factorised groups
Induction of the high-affinity Na+-dependent glutamate transport system XAG- by hypertonic stress in the renal epithelial cell line NBL-1
l-alanine uptake by rat liver parenchymal and haematopoietic cells during the perinatal period
Aplicaciones electroquĂmicas al tratamiento de aguas residuales
El presente libro tiene como finalidad compilar numerosas investigaciones en el campo de la tecnologĂa electroquĂmica y sus aplicaciones ambientales, contando con la colaboraciĂłn de un gran nĂșmero de investigadores tanto nacionales como extranjeros, proponiendo con ello una visiĂłn amplia dentro de la aplicaciĂłn de la electroquĂmica. Los temas que integran esta obra se escogieron cuidadosamente considerando desde los principios bĂĄsicos de la electroquĂmica aplicada al tratamiento de aguas residuales hasta los parĂĄmetros a considerar durante el diseño, operaciĂłn y evaluaciĂłn de dichos sistemas, sin dejar de lado las aplicaciones utilizadas en la actualidad en la industria, la docencia y la investigaciĂłn. Este libro reĂșne diversas temĂĄticas por lo que puede considerarse como un compendio de aquellos elementos que el lector requiere para poder tener una visiĂłn amplia de las aplicaciones de la electroquĂmica en el campo del tratamiento de agua residual.En el CapĂtulo 1 se presenta una primera impresiĂłn de los Fundamentes de la ElectroquĂmica Ambiental, en donde los autores explican cĂłmo esta disciplina es una nueva ĂĄrea de la ciencia en donde se emplean conocimientos de ElectroquĂmica, IngenierĂa QuĂmica y Ciencia de Materiales, asĂ como las aplicaciones especĂficas para la remediaciĂłn ambiental. En el CapĂtulo 2 los autores ofrecen una descripciĂłn de los principales parĂĄmetros fisicoquĂmicos y biolĂłgicos que se emplean para definir a la calidad del agua. Este capĂtulo describe en funciĂłn de quĂ© caracterĂsticas fĂsicas, quĂmicas y biolĂłgicas se puede evaluar a un agua residual asĂ como tambiĂ©n la aplicaciĂłn de estas caracterĂsticas como variables de control de un proceso de tratamiento y tambiĂ©n como el empleo de ellas para limitar las concentraciones mĂĄximas permisibles de descarga de aguas residuales. El CapĂtulo 3 se refiere a uno de los procesos mĂĄs empleados en el tratamiento de agua: la coagulaciĂłn-floculaciĂłn. Se aborda desde una Ăłptica teĂłrica hasta la descripciĂłn de un ejemplo de aplicaciĂłn en la industria. Resulta importante incluir este capĂtulo ya que uno de los mĂ©todos mĂĄs prometedores en la electroquĂmica ambiental es la electrocoagulaciĂłn, la cual se narra en el CapĂtulo 6. Las bases de las celdas de laboratorio y reactores industriales electroquĂmicos se relatan en el CapĂtulo 4. En particular, se refieren las implicaciones que tienen las principales caracterĂsticas fĂsicas y de diseño de celdas de laboratorio y reactores electroquĂmicos industriales que permiten obtener transformaciones eficientes gracias a un correcto control del potencial de electrodo en estos sistemas. La implementaciĂłn de procesos electroquĂmicos para su aplicaciĂłn a nivel industrial, requiere del diseño eficiente del dispositivo central: el reactor electroquĂmico. Por lo que, en el CapĂtulo 5 se presentan los elementos de anĂĄlisis de reactores electroquĂmicos para su diseño y caracterizaciĂłn. El CapĂtulo 7 describe bajo quĂ© circunstancias se puede llevar a cabo el proceso de electroflotaciĂłn. Los autores muestran cĂłmo este proceso estĂĄ influenciado por el pH de la soluciĂłn acuosa, la densidad de corriente y el tipo de electrodos que se emplean. El lector encontrarĂĄ en el CapĂtulo 8 las bases teĂłricas de uno de los procesos que involucra la quĂmica de la reacciĂłn de Fenton, asĂ como las aplicaciones ambientales para el tratamiento de soluciones sintĂ©ticas y reales con diferentes contaminantes refractarios, tales como plaguicidas, colorantes, productos de cuidado personal, fĂĄrmacos y residuos quĂmicos industriales. En el CapĂtulo 9 se presentan algunos conceptos fundamentales sobre la ElectrooxidaciĂłn, tambiĂ©n conocida como oxidaciĂłn electroquĂmica, la cual estĂĄ enfocada a realizar la oxidaciĂłn de contaminantes presentes en aguas residuales sobre la superficie de electrodos. La tecnologĂa para la electrogeneraciĂłn de perĂłxido de hidrĂłgeno y su empleo en el tratamiento de agua residual se describe en el CapĂtulo 10. Uno de los metales pesados que tienen un alto grado de toxicidad en el ambiente es el Cr(VI), el cual no puede ser removido por mĂ©todos convencionales por lo que una tecnologĂa que puede emplearse en este tratamiento se relata en el CapĂtulo 11. En el CapĂtulo 12 se presentan los avances mĂĄs recientes cuando se emplean los mĂ©todos electroquĂmicos con algĂșn otro tipo de tratamiento, lo que ha resultado en la obtenciĂłn de sinergias en los procesos, lo que implica una reducciĂłn en los costos de operaciĂłn. Finalmente, en el CapĂtulo 13, se presenta el tema de usos y aplicaciones de sensores quĂmicos y electroquĂmicos para la detecciĂłn de contaminantes en agua y agua residual
Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study
Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ℠0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe
Seguimiento de las guĂas españolas para el manejo del asma por el mĂ©dico de atenciĂłn primaria: un estudio observacional ambispectivo
Objetivo
Evaluar el grado de seguimiento de las recomendaciones de las versiones de la GuĂa española para el manejo del asma (GEMA 2009 y 2015) y su repercusiĂłn en el control de la enfermedad.
Material y métodos
Estudio observacional y ambispectivo realizado entre septiembre del 2015 y abril del 2016, en el que participaron 314 médicos de atención primaria y 2.864 pacientes.
Resultados
Utilizando datos retrospectivos, 81 de los 314 mĂ©dicos (25, 8% [IC del 95%, 21, 3 a 30, 9]) comunicaron seguir las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2009. Al inicio del estudio, 88 de los 314 mĂ©dicos (28, 0% [IC del 95%, 23, 4 a 33, 2]) seguĂan las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015. El tener un asma mal controlada (OR 0, 19, IC del 95%, 0, 13 a 0, 28) y presentar un asma persistente grave al inicio del estudio (OR 0, 20, IC del 95%, 0, 12 a 0, 34) se asociaron negativamente con tener un asma bien controlada al final del seguimiento. Por el contrario, el seguimiento de las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015 se asociĂł de manera positiva con una mayor posibilidad de que el paciente tuviera un asma bien controlada al final del periodo de seguimiento (OR 1, 70, IC del 95%, 1, 40 a 2, 06).
Conclusiones
El escaso seguimiento de las guĂas clĂnicas para el manejo del asma constituye un problema comĂșn entre los mĂ©dicos de atenciĂłn primaria. Un seguimiento de estas guĂas se asocia con un control mejor del asma. Existe la necesidad de actuaciones que puedan mejorar el seguimiento por parte de los mĂ©dicos de atenciĂłn primaria de las guĂas para el manejo del asma.
Objective: To assess the degree of compliance with the recommendations of the 2009 and 2015 versions of the Spanish guidelines for managing asthma (GuĂa Española para el Manejo del Asma [GEMA]) and the effect of this compliance on controlling the disease.
Material and methods: We conducted an observational ambispective study between September 2015 and April 2016 in which 314 primary care physicians and 2864 patients participated.
Results: Using retrospective data, we found that 81 of the 314 physicians (25.8%; 95% CI 21.3â30.9) stated that they complied with the GEMA2009 recommendations. At the start of the study, 88 of the 314 physicians (28.0%; 95% CI 23.4â33.2) complied with the GEMA2015 recommendations. Poorly controlled asthma (OR, 0.19; 95% CI 0.13â0.28) and persistent severe asthma at the start of the study (OR, 0.20; 95% CI 0.12â0.34) were negatively associated with having well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up. In contrast, compliance with the GEMA2015 recommendations was positively associated with a greater likelihood that the patient would have well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up (OR, 1.70; 95% CI 1.40â2.06).
Conclusions: Low compliance with the clinical guidelines for managing asthma is a common problem among primary care physicians. Compliance with these guidelines is associated with better asthma control. Actions need to be taken to improve primary care physician compliance with the asthma management guidelines
Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTICâHF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials
Aims:
The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTICâHF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTICâHF and how these compare with other contemporary trials.
Methods and Results:
Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA)ââ„âII, EF â€35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokineticâguided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50âmg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), nonâwhite (22%), mean age 65âyears] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NTâproBNP 1971âpg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTICâHF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressureâ<â100âmmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate <â30âmL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitrilâvalsartan at baseline (n = 1594).
Conclusions:
GALACTICâHF enrolled a wellâtreated, highârisk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation
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