A comparison of life histories and ecological aspects among snappers (Pisces: Lutjanidae)

An extensive search for data on life-history and ecological variables was conducted for a representative number of the species within the family Lutjanidae. After creating different databases and standardizing all data, these variables were examined in statistical, correlation and graphic analyses. Additionally, a series of Principal Component Analyses were used to examine patterns among variables. Life-history variables included age at length zero, asymptotic length, maximum length, longevity, asymptotic weight, length at maturity, age at maturity, reproductive life span, growth rate and mortality rate. Ecological variables included latitudinal and vertical distribution, habitat selection (represented by substrate type), and spawning seasons. The feeding habits of snappers were examined after determining the most common items reported in the literature and summarizing them in ten categories. Results indicated that life-history variables related to the size of the species were highly correlated, supporting the findings of other studies that length at maturity is dependent on asymptotic length. Longevity and reproductive life span were also highly correlated, while longevity and age at maturity had a low correlation, indicating that maturity among snappers is independent of life span and with relatively low variation among species. A review of the geographic and vertical distribution of snappers suggests that pre-settlement larvae in several species may exhibit strong nursery habitat selection, and that adult snappers have distinctive vertical distributions. Finally, based on the variability of prey items found in snapper diets, two basic feeding strategies were evident, species in the subfamily Lutjaninae feed mainly on benthic organisms, mainly crustaceans; while species in the subfamily Etelinae feed in the water column on a variety of pelagic fishes and invertebrates

El origami modular en el paso de lo tridimensional a lo bidimensional, como estrategia para la enseñanza de las propiedades fundamentales en figuras geométricas

El presente taller evidencia el uso de material didáctico (origami modular) para la enseñanza de la geometría centrándonos principalmente en la construcción de los sólidos platónicos, los cuales permitirán al estudiante trabajar implícitamente con las propiedades de los mismos a medida que los construyen, para posteriormente pasar a un reconocimiento explícito, donde se verán obligados a dirigir su atención a las figuras planas que los componen y un ulterior análisis de las propiedades de las ultimas. Se dirige la atención del presente taller a los sólidos platónicos, por su importancia histórica en la geometría clásica al ser relacionados con los 4 elementos de la naturaleza y el universo

Spatial and seasonal abundance of sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) and silver seatrout (C. nothus) off the coast of Texas, determined with twenty years of data (1987–200

Sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) and silver seatrout (C. nothus) are both found within the immediate offshore areas of the Gulf of Mexico, especially around Texas; however information is limited on how much distributional overlap really occurs between these species. In order to investigate spatial and seasonal differences between species, we analyzed twenty years of bay and offshore trawl data collected by biologists of the Coastal Fisheries Division, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Sand seatrout and silver seatrout were distributed differently among offshore sampling areas, and salinity and water depth appeared to correlate with their distribution. Additionally, within the northernmost sampling area of the gulf waters, water depth correlated significantly with the presence of silver seatrout, which were found at deeper depths than sand seatrout. There was also an overall significant decrease in silver seatrout abundance during the summer season, when temperatures were at their highest, and this decrease may have indicated a migration farther offshore. Sand seatrout abundance had an inverse relationship with salinity and water depth offshore. In addition, sand seatrout abundance was highest in bays with direct passes to the gulf and correlated with corresponding abundance in offshore areas. These data highlight the seasonal and spatial differences in abundance between sand and silver seatrout and relate these differences to the hydrological and geological features found along the Texas coastline

Understanding the experience of adolescent depression : qualitative studies with adolescents from Porto Alegre, Brazil

Adolescence is a time of physical and psychosocial change, as well as a period of intense growth, learning, adaptation, and development. Nonetheless, the current conceptualization of depression in adolescence pays limited attention to important differences that might occur in terms of the manifestation of the disorder in this specific developmental stage. In this sense, the idea of understanding how adolescents experience depression arises as part of a broader scope to understand psychopathology, highlighting the need for exploring the complexities and subtleties of mental health disorders. Therefore, this dissertation has as main objective to contribute to the understanding of the experience of adolescent depression using qualitative methods. Two studies are here presented. The first aimed to understand adolescents’ and other stakeholders’ conceptualizations of depression, focusing on their accounts of how depression changed the lives of adolescents. This approach had as a goal to include different voices and points of view, aiming to gather a comprehensive understanding of the contextual factors of the environments of adolescents who suffered from depression. The second study explores adolescents’ initial reactions after receiving a clinical diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder. In this sense, we queried adolescents to explore the subjective experience of receiving the diagnosis, but also how this affects the contextualization of past experiences in light of this new diagnosis. Overarchingly, these studies present the vital role of interpersonal relationships in adolescent depression, recognizing the importance of impaired social functioning in depression. Finally, this dissertation contributes to addressing gaps in the contemporary literature about adolescent depression. It presents information on an understudied sample - Brazilian adolescents - and adds to a modest body of literature that uses qualitative methodologies as a powerful tool for building in-depth interpretations regarding how one interprets, understands, and shares their experiences.A adolescência é um período de mudança física e psicossocial, além de um período de intenso crescimento, aprendizado e desenvolvimento. Entretanto, a conceitualização atual de depressão na adolescência dá pouca atenção às diferenças importantes que podem ocorrer em termos da manifestação do transtorno nesse estágio específico do desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, a ideia de compreender como os adolescentes vivenciam a depressão surge como parte de um escopo mais amplo de compreensão da psicopatologia, destacando a necessidade de explorar as complexidades e sutilezas da vivência dos transtornos mentais. Portanto, esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal contribuir para a compreensão da vivência da depressão em adolescentes por meio de métodos qualitativos. Dois estudos são aqui apresentados. O primeiro teve como objetivo compreender as conceitualizações de depressão de adolescentes e outras partes interessadas, com foco em seus relatos de como a depressão mudou a vida dos adolescentes. Essa abordagem teve como objetivo incluir diferentes vozes e pontos de vista, visando reunir uma compreensão abrangente dos fatores contextuais dos ambientes de adolescentes com depressão. O segundo estudo explora as reações iniciais dos adolescentes após receberem um diagnóstico clínico de Transtorno Depressivo Maior. Nesse sentido, buscamos explorar a experiência subjetiva de receber o diagnóstico, mas também como isso afeta a contextualização de experiências passadas à luz desse novo diagnóstico. De maneira geral, esses estudos apresentam o papel vital das relações interpessoais na depressão na adolescência, reconhecendo a importância de prejuízos no funcionamento social na depressão. Por fim, esta dissertação aborda lacunas na literatura contemporânea sobre depressão na adolescência, apresentando informações sobre uma amostra pouco estudada - adolescentes brasileiros. Dessa forma, soma-se a um modesto corpo de literatura que utiliza metodologias qualitativas como ferramenta para construir interpretações aprofundadas sobre como adolescentes interpretam, compreendem e compartilham suas experiências

Efectividad de la mometasona y la fluticasona en mejora de la calidad de vida en pacientes con rinitis alérgica

Introducción: La rinitis alérgica es una enfermedad mundialmente común, cuya sintomatología puede causar repercusiones tanto académicas como laborales, por lo cual, su tratamiento adecuado beneficiaría al paciente en su vida diaria. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de la mometasona y la fluticasona en la mejora de la calidad de vida de pacientes con diagnóstico de rinitis alérgica. Método: Corresponde a un estudio de cohorte, donde se encuestaron 156 pacientes (78 pacientes tratados con mometasona y 78 con fluticasona). Se excluyeron aquellos pacientes que no deseen participar del cuestionario, aquellos que estén recibiendo un tratamiento que pueda alterar con los resultados del estudio, y aquellos con enfermedades concomitantes en los cuales el paciente no pueda recibir el tratamiento indicado por el médico (Hipertensión Arterial, Fibrosis quística, Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico, Osteoporosis). La técnica de muestreo empleada fue no probabilística y por conveniencia. La prueba Chi Cuadrado fue aplicada para determinar diferencia significativa entre los periodos de evaluación y los grupos estudiados.. Resultados: Después de 1 mes de tratamiento, el 84.6% de pacientes tratados con furoato de mometasona alcanzó un nivel de calidad de vida buena y un 15.4% alcanzó un nivel de vida regular, y del grupo tratado con furoato de fluticasona, el 87.2% alcanzó un nivel de calidad de vida buena y un 12.8% alcanzó un nivel de calidad de vida regular, sin evidenciarse diferencia significativa (p=0.645). Conclusión: El furoato de mometasona y el furoato de fluticasona son igual de efectivos en la mejora de la calidad de vida del paciente con rinitis alérgica.Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is a worldwide common disease, whose symptoms can cause both academic and occupational repercussions, therefore, its adequate treatment will benefit the patient in their daily life. Objective: To determine the difficulty of momentary and fluticasone in improving the quality of life of patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Method: Corresponds to a cohort study, where 156 patients (78 patients treated with momentary and 78 with fluticasone) were surveyed. Those patients who do not wish to participate in the questionnaire, those who are receiving a treatment that can alter with the results of the study, and those with concomitant diseases in cases where the patient cannot receive the treatment indicated by the doctor (Arterial Hypertension) are excluded. , Cystic fibrosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, osteoporosis). The sampling technique used was non-probabilistic and for convenience. The Chi Square test was applied to determine the significant difference between the evaluation periods and the groups studied. Results: After 1 month of treatment, 84.6% of the patients treated with furoate affected at the moment a good quality of life level and 15.4% selected a regular level of life, and of the group treated with fluticasone furoate, 87.2 % selected a good quality of life level and 12.8% selected a regular quality of life level, without showing a significant difference (p = 0.645). Conclusion: Mometasone furoate and fluticasone furoate are equally effective in improving the quality of life of the patient with allergic rhinitis.Tesi

Obesidad como factor asociado a lumbalgia en trabajadores de una unidad minera

Introducción: La lumbalgia es un trastorno muy común en el medio laboral, cuya afectación puede causar un gran impacto a nivel del trabajador y de la empresa, por lo cual su identificación y prevención adecuada beneficiaría al paciente y a la organización. Objetivo: Determinar si la obesidad es un factor asociado a la lumbalgia en los trabajadores de una unidad minera. Método: Corresponde a un estudio transversal, donde se encuestaron 293 trabajadores. Se excluyeron aquellos trabajadores que refirieron diagnósticos previos como radiculopatía, cirugía osteomuscular, artropatía rotuliana, tumor vertebral, espondilolistesis, trabajadores con licencia por ser del grupo de riesgo durante pandemia Covid-19, trabajadores con labores remotas y aquellos que manipulan carga. Se empleó una técnica de muestreo no probabilística, por conveniencia. Para la comparación de variables cualitativas se utilizó chi cuadrado y para la comparación de variables cuantitativas se utilizó t de student, esto se hizo luego de verificar la normalidad de la data cuantitativa a través del test de Kolmogorov Smirnov; se tomó como asociación significativa si el valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: Se evidenció diferencia significativa para los resultados obtenidos con respecto a la variable Obesidad entre ambos grupos. Conclusión: La obesidad es un factor asociado a la lumbalgia.Introduction: Low back pain is a very common disorder in the workplace, whose affectation can cause a great impact at the worker and company level, so its identification and adequate prevention would benefit the patient and the organization. Objective: To determine if obesity is a factor associated with low back pain in workers in a mining unit. Method: Corresponds to a cross-sectional study, where 292 workers were surveyed. Those workers who referred previous diagnoses such as radiculopathy, musculoskeletal surgery, patellar arthropathy, vertebral tumor, spondylolisthesis, workers with leave for being in the risk group during the Covid-19 pandemic, workers with remote tasks and those who handle cargo were excluded. A non-probabilistic sampling technique was used for convenience. For the comparison of qualitative variables, chi-square was used and for the comparison of quantitative variables, student's t-test was used. This was done after verifying the normality of the quantitative data through the Kolmogorov Smirnov test; it was taken as a significant association if the value of p <0.05. Results: A significant difference was evidenced for the results obtained with respect to the Obesity variable between both groups. Conclusion: Obesity is a factor associated with low back pain.Tesi

Sistema constructivo modular con materiales alternativos que favorezca a la flexibilidad en la construcción de vivienda

En esta tesis se desarrolla la propuesta de usar técnicas constructivas tradicionales y sistemas prefabricados, para elaborar un sistema modular con materiales alternativos a lo convencionales, amigables con el medio ambiente y de fácil obtención, en particular los reciclados y naturales. El sistema constructivo es a base de módulos ensamblados con un sistema en seco (evitando un una unión monolítica de los elementos) que favorece las viviendas flexibles, que se adaptan a las cambiantes necesidades espaciales de sus habitantes, y a la optimización de materiales

Gradient Pattern Analysis of Cosmic Structure Formation: Norm and Phase Statistics

This paper presents the preliminary results of the characterization of pattern evolution in the process of cosmic structure formation. We are applying on N-body cosmological simulations data the technique proposed by Rosa, Sharma & Valdivia (1999) and Ramos et al. (2000) to estimate the time behavior of asymmetries in the gradient field. The gradient pattern analysis is a well tested tool, used to build asymmetrical fragmentation parameters estimated over a gradient field of an image matrix able to quantify a complexity measure of nonlinear extended systems. In this investigation we work with the high resolution cosmological data simulated by the Virgo consortium, in different time steps, in order to obtain a diagnostic of the spatio-temporal disorder in the matter density field. We perform the calculations of the gradient vectors statistics, such as mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, and correlations on the gradient field. Our main goal is to determine different dynamical regimes through the analysis of complex patterns arising from the evolutionary process of structure formation. The results show that the gradient pattern technique, specially the statistical analysis of second and third gradient moment, may represent a very useful tool to describe the matter clustering in the Universe.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physica

Caracterización del fruto de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam) y efecto de las altas presiones de homogenización sobre las propiedades del zumo. Posibilidades de utilización en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales de interés en el departamento del Chocó (Colombia)

[ES] El fruto de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) se presenta como una alternativa de aprovechamiento para el desarrollo de nuevos productos con propiedades funcionales y que aporten valor agregado a los recursos existentes en la región del departamento del Chocó - Colombia. En ese sentido, se determinaron los parámetros de impregnación característicos del fruto (X, X1, r, r1 y Ɛe) y las propiedades fisicoquímicas (aw, °Brix, humedad, pH, densidad, tamaño de partícula, color, propiedades reológicas y actividad antioxidante por los métodos ABTS+ y DPPH y el contendido en fenoles totales y flavonoides) tanto del fruto como del zumo sin homogeneizar y sometido a presiones de homogeneización de 50, 100 y 150 MPa. Los resultados revelaron una buena capacidad de impregnación y disponibilidad de los poros presentes en la matriz del fruto. Adicionalmente, la aplicación de presiones de homogeneización tuvo un efecto significativo fundamentalmente sobre el tamaño de partícula, las propiedades reológicas y el contenido en fenoles y flavonoides, ejerciendo en este último caso un efecto positivo con respecto al zumo sin homogeneizar.[EN] The fruit of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is an alternative to take advantage and develop new products with functional properties, which contribute value added to the existing resources in the region of the department of Chocó - Colombia. In that sense, the impregnation parameters of the fruit (X, X1, r, r1 y Ɛe) and physicochemical properties (aw,° Brix, humidity, pH, density, particle size, color, antioxidant activity by ABTS+ y DPPH methods and total phenols and flavonoids content) of both fruit and juice without homogenize and homogenized to pressures of 50, 100 and 150 MPa were determinate. The results showed a good impregnation capacity and availability of the pores that the fruit matrix has. In addition, the application of homogenization pressures had significant effect principally on particle size, rheological properties and phenols and flavonoids content; moreover, the homogenization had a positive effect on phenols and flavonoids content in relation to juice without homogenize.[CA] El fruit del lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) es presenta com una alternariva d’aprofitament per al desenvolupament de nous productes amb propietats funcionals y que aporten valor afegit als recursos existents en la regió del departament del Chocó – Colombia. En aquest sentit, es van determinar els paràmetres d’impregnació característics del fruit (X, X1, r, r1 y Ɛe) i les propietats fisicoquímiques (aw, ºBrix, humitat, pH, densitat, tamany de partícula, color, propietats reològiques i activitat antioxidant pels mètodes ABTS+ i DPPH∙, així com el contingut en fenols totals i flavonoids) tant del fruit com del suc sense homogeneizar i sotmés a pressions d’homogenizació de 50, 100 i 150 MPa. Els resultats van mostrar una bona capacitat d’impregnació i disponibilitat dels porus presents en la matriu del fruit. Adicionalment, l’aplicació de pressions d’homogenizació va tindre un efecte significatiu fonamentalment sobre el tamany de partícula, les propietats reològiques, y el contingut en fenols i flavonoids, exercint en este últím cas un efecte positiu respecte al suc sense homogeneizar.Martínez Andrade, AL. (2017). Caracterización del fruto de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam) y efecto de las altas presiones de homogenización sobre las propiedades del zumo. Posibilidades de utilización en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales de interés en el departamento del Chocó (Colombia). http://hdl.handle.net/10251/89412.TFG