The effect of sex on cardiovascular dynamics in normal and diabetic rates

CHAPTER II In this study, we evaluated the effect of L-NAME, a NOS antagonist, on MAP, HR, and selective vascular flows in male and female normal and diabetic rats. Rats were made diabetic using streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, IV) and maintained for 5-6 weeks. Following anesthesia with urethane/α-chloralose, the femoral artery and vein were cannulated for recording and sampling and flow probes were placed on the iliac, renal and superior mesenteric arteries. A bolus infusion of L-NAME resulted in a rapid increase in MAP in normal females and males. However, in diabetic females and males this response was significantly lower and especially so in diabetic females. L-NAME decreased the conductance in all three vascular beds in normal rats. In diabetic animals, the response to L-NAME was decreased to a greater extent in the iliac bed of diabetic males while the renal conductance was actually increased in females. We concluded that diabetics decreased pressor response to NOS inhibition and the lack of response of the renal vessels in female diabetics may play a role in the increased renal pathology in diabetic females. CHAPTER III SNP (1-20 µg/kg) infusions resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in MAP m normal and diabetic rats. Reflex tachycardia was more prominent in diabetic males. The vascular conductance was increased in normal and diabetic rats in a dose-dependent fashion, however, the responsiveness was less in the iliac and superior mesenteric and increased in the renal arteries in diabetics when compared to normals. We concluded that diabetes is associated with an increased response to NO in the renal vessels and a decreased response in the iliac and superior mesenteric vessels in both females and males. CHAPTER IV Prazosin (4 mg/kg) administration decreased the MAP in normal and diabetic rats to a comparable degree. It increased the vascular conductance in all three vascular beds in normal and diabetic rats with the greater increase occurring in the iliac and superior mesenteric arteries. α-adrenergic tone was greatest in diabetic female and male rats. We concluded that decreased vascular flow in diabetes is associated with an increased adrenergic tone in the splachnic and skeletal muscle bed in both diabetic female and male rats

Inclusive Nucleon Emission Induced by Quasi--Elastic Neutrino--Nucleus Interactions

We study the quasi--elastic contribution to the inclusive $(\nu_l,\nu_l N)$, $(\nu_l,l^- N)$, $({\bar \nu}_l,{\bar \nu}_l N)$ and $({\bar \nu}_l,l^+ N)$ reactions in nuclei using a Monte Carlo simulation method to account for the rescattering of the outgoing nucleon. As input, we take the reaction probability from the microscopical many body framework developed in Phys. Rev. {\bf C70} (2004) 055503 for charged-current induced reactions, while for neutral currents we use results from a natural extension of the model described in that reference. The nucleon emission process studied here is a clear signal for neutral--current neutrino driven reactions, that can be used in the analysis of future neutrino experiments.Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures; Version 2: few typos correcte

Nuclear effects on lepton polarization in charged-current quasielastic neutrino scattering

We use a correlated local Fermi gas (LFG) model, which accounts also for long distance corrections of the RPA type and final-state interactions, to compute the polarization of the final lepton in charged-current quasielastic neutrino scattering. The present model has been successfully used in recent studies of inclusive neutrino nucleus processes and muon capture. We investigate the relevance of nuclear effects in the particular case of $\tau$ polarization in tau-neutrino induced reactions for several kinematics of relevance for neutrino oscillation experiments.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Neutrino-nucleus reactions in the delta resonance region

Reliable estimates of neutrino-nucleus reactions in the resonance-excitation region play an important role in many of the on-going and planned neutrino oscillation experiments. We study here neutrino-nucleus reactions in the delta-particle excitation region with the use of neutrino pion-production amplitudes calculated in a formalism in which the resonance contributions and the background amplitudes are treated on the same footing. Our approach leads to the neutrino-nucleus reaction cross sections that are significantly different from those obtained in the conventional approach wherein only the pure resonance amplitudes are taken into account. To assess the reliability of our formalism, we calculate the electron-nucleus scattering cross sections in the same theoretical framework; the calculated cross sections agree reasonably well with the existing data.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures; typo, references and one figure adde

Ecodesign of organic photovoltaic modules from Danish and Chinese perspectives

The ecodesign of an OPV solar park is reported covering the complete life cycle: manufacturing, use and disposal stages. For the first time the life cycle inventory for such a technology is provided for its use in future LCA and EIA studies. Recommendations with the aim to influence PV policy and decision makers are given.</p

Temperature dependent charge transport mechanisms in carbon sphere/polymer composites

Carbon spheres (CS) with diameters in the range $2 - 10 \mu m$ were prepared via hydrolysis of a sucrose solution at $200^o C,$ and later annealed in $N_2$ at $800^o C.$ The spheres were highly conducting but difficult to process into thin films or pressed pellets. In our previous work, composite samples of CS and the insulating polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO) were prepared and their charge transport was analyzed in the temperature range $80 K < T < 300 K.$ Here, we analyze charge transport in CS coated with a thin polyaniline (PANi) film doped with hydrochloric acid (HCl), in the same temperature range. The goal is to study charge transport in the CS using a conducting polymer (PANi) as a binder and compare with that occurring at CS/PEO. A conductivity maxima was observed in the CS/PEO composite but was absent in CS/PANi. Our data analysis shows that variable range hopping of electrons between polymeric chains in PANi-filled gaps between CS takes on a predominant part in transport through CS/PANi composites, whereas in CS/PEO composites, electrons travel through gaps between CS solely by means of direct tunneling. This difference in transport mechanisms results in different temperature dependences of the conductivity.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Critical Professional Development: Centering the Social Justice Needs of Teachers

As a response to increasingly technocratic, top-down teacher professional development that we refer to as antidialogical professional development (APD), this article theorizes a model of critical professional development (CPD) where teachers are engaged as politically-aware individuals who have a stake in teaching and transforming society.  Illuminating three US based case studies of CPD that emerged in response to the unmet needs of justice-oriented teachers- The People’s Education Movement, New York Collective of Radical Educators’ Inquiry to Action groups, and the Institute for Teachers of Color Committed to Racial Justice- this article uses Freire’s framework of dialogical action to analyze shared critical practices.  In each independent case, teachers were engaged in a cooperative dialectical process, there was a strong emphasis on unity amongst participants around their social justice goals, the structure was organized through shared power between teachers and organizers, and teacher and student needs were centered using a practice of cultural synthesis.  Reframing the possibilities of teacher professional development through this model of critical, dialogical practice, this article offers a critique of the banking methods and technical content traditionally used within APD, and provides insights into how teachers can successfully be positioned as experts in their own social justice-oriented professional growth

The nucleon axial mass and the MiniBooNE Quasielastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering problem

The charged-current double differential neutrino cross section, measured by the MiniBooNE Collaboration, has been analyzed using a microscopical model that accounts for, among other nuclear effects, long range nuclear (RPA) correlations and multinucleon scattering. We find that MiniBooNE data are fully compatible with the world average of the nucleon axial mass in contrast with several previous analyses which have suggested an anomalously large value. We also discuss the reliability of the algorithm used to estimate the neutrino energy.Comment: 6 pages and 3 figures. This version matches accepted version for publication in Physics Letters

DIPLOMADO DE PROFUNDIZACION CISCO CCNP SOLUCIÓN DE DOS ESCENARIOS PRESENTES EN ENTORNOS CORPORATIVOS BAJO EL USO DE TECNOLOGÍA CISCO

La evaluación denominada “Prueba de habilidades prácticas”, forma parte de las actividades evaluativas del Diplomado de Profundización CCNP, y busca identificar el grado de desarrollo de competencias y habilidades que fueron adquiridas a lo largo del diplomado. Lo esencial es poner a prueba los niveles de comprensión y solución de problemas relacionados con diversos aspectos de Networking.The selected evaluation "Practical skills test" is part of the evaluative activities of the CCNP Deepening Diploma, and seeks to identify the degree of development of competencies and skills that were acquired throughout the diploma. The essential thing is to test the levels of understanding and solving problems related to various aspects of Networking