Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a transformative experiment for gravitational wave astronomy as it will offer unique opportunities to address many key astrophysical questions in a completely novel way. The synergy with ground-based and other space-based instruments in the electromagnetic domain, by enabling multi-messenger observations, will add further to the discovery potential of LISA. The next decade is crucial to prepare the astrophysical community for LISA's first observations. This review outlines the extensive landscape of astrophysical theory, numerical simulations, and astronomical observations that are instrumental for modeling and interpreting the upcoming LISA datastream. To this aim, the current knowledge in three main source classes for LISA is reviewed: ultra-compact stellar-mass binaries, massive black hole binaries, and extreme or intermediate mass ratio inspirals. The relevant astrophysical processes and the established modeling techniques are summarized. Likewise, open issues and gaps in our understanding of these sources are highlighted, along with an indication of how LISA could help make progress in the different areas. New research avenues that LISA itself, or its joint exploitation with studies in the electromagnetic domain, will enable, are also illustrated. Improvements in modeling and analysis approaches, such as the combination of numerical simulations and modern data science techniques, are discussed. This review is intended to be a starting point for using LISA as a new discovery tool for understanding our Universe

Un approccio riabilitativo minimamente invasivo utilizzando un impianto corto 4 mm evitando l\u2019estrazione di un canino superiore incluso: risultati a quattro anni dopo il carico protesico

L\u2019obiettivo di questo case report \ue8 quello di suggerire un approccio chirurgico riabilitativo alternativo, minimamente invasivo, ad un canino mascellare incluso, utilizzando un impianto lungo 4 mm per una riabilitazione protesica fissa; evitando l\u2019estrazione del dente o l\u2019estrusione chirurgica e sfruttando i 6 mm di osso coronale disponibili. Quattro mesi dopo il carico, l\u2019impianto appariva ben integrato, con livelli di osso marginale stabili. I 4 mm di lunghezza dell\u2019impianto hanno consentito di ridurre i tempi operatori, la morbidit\ue0 postoperatoria, le possibili complicanze e i relativi costi. Gli impianti corti potrebbero essere un\u2019alternativa a procedure chirurgiche pi\uf9 invasive utilizzate nel trattamento riabilitativo di canini mascellari inclusi

A Minimally Invasive Approach Using a 4-mm Implant Without Extraction of Impacted Maxillary Canine: Four-Year Postloading Results

The aim of this case report was to suggest an alternative minimally invasive surgical approach to an impacted maxillary canine using a 4-mm-long implant for a fixed prosthetic rehabilitation, avoiding tooth extraction or surgically forced extrusion and exploiting the 6 mm of coronal bone availability. At 4 years postloading, the implant was healthy and well integrated with stable marginal bone levels. The 4-mm length of the implant reduced operative times, postsurgical morbidity, possible complications, and costs. Short implants might be an alternative to traditional, more invasive surgical procedures used in the rehabilitative treatment of impacted maxillary canines

Clinical, serologic and instrumental data of ten patients affected by sclerodermatous chronic graft versus host disease: similarities and differences in respect to systemic sclerosis

Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD), the most common late complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), may present with sclerodermatous lesions resembling in some cases the cutaneous involvement of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Certain pathogenetic findings connect the two diseases. In this report we describe ten subjects affected by cGVHD who underwent the examinations routinely carried out to stage SSc patients. Demographic, clinical, serologic and instrumental data were recorded. These patients showed differences in appearance, extent and progression of the sclerodermatous lesions with greater involvement of the trunk and proximal part of the limbs than the extremities. In seven subjects ANA test was positive; scleroderma-associated autoantibodies were not detected in any of the cases. Moreover, typical organ involvement of SSc was not found. Only one patient developed Raynauds phenomenon after HSCT and only one patient demonstrated a nailfold videocapillaroscopic scleroderma pattern. Except for cutaneous involvement of cGVHD, that may resemble SSc, the clinical features of the two diseases are quite different, suggesting that the fibrotic process characterizing cGVHD and SSc has different etiologies and different initial pathobiologic events

Efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation compared with botulinum toxin type a in the treatment of spastic equinus in adults with chronic stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic ultrasound and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) have been described as being effective in the treatment of spasticity. No previous study compared these physical modalities with a first-line treatment for spasticity, such as botulinum toxin type A. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of therapeutic ultrasound and TENS with botulinum toxin type A on spasticity after stroke. METHODS: Thirty patients with chronic stroke and spastic equinus were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1 group received therapeutic ultrasound to the affected leg calf muscles, 1 group underwent TENS to the tibial nerve of the affected leg, and 1 group was injected with onabotulinum toxin A in the spastic gastrocnemius. All patients were evaluated immediately before treatment and 15, 30, and 90 days after the first clinical evaluation. The following outcome measures were considered: ankle passive dorsiflexion range of motion and the modified Ashworth scale. RESULTS: Patients injected with botulinum toxin type A had significantly better ankle passive range of motion than those treated with physical modalities at all posttreatment evaluations. At second and third posttreatment evaluations, the modified Ashworth scale indicated significantly greater improvement in patients injected with botulinum toxin type A than in those treated with physical modalities. No difference was found between groups treated with physical modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that botulinum toxin type A is more effective than therapeutic ultrasound and TENS for treating focal spasticity in patients with chronic stroke

Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

submitted to Living Reviews In RelativityLaser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a transformative experiment for gravitational wave astronomy as it will offer unique opportunities to address many key astrophysical questions in a completely novel way. The synergy with ground-based and other space-based instruments in the electromagnetic domain, by enabling multi-messenger observations, will add further to the discovery potential of LISA. The next decade is crucial to prepare the astrophysical community for LISA's first observations. This review outlines the extensive landscape of astrophysical theory, numerical simulations, and astronomical observations that are instrumental for modeling and interpreting the upcoming LISA datastream. To this aim, the current knowledge in three main source classes for LISA is reviewed: ultra-compact stellar-mass binaries, massive black hole binaries, and extreme or intermediate mass ratio inspirals. The relevant astrophysical processes and the established modeling techniques are summarized. Likewise, open issues and gaps in our understanding of these sources are highlighted, along with an indication of how LISA could help make progress in the different areas. New research avenues that LISA itself, or its joint exploitation with studies in the electromagnetic domain, will enable, are also illustrated. Improvements in modeling and analysis approaches, such as the combination of numerical simulations and modern data science techniques, are discussed. This review is intended to be a starting point for using LISA as a new discovery tool for understanding our Universe

Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

submitted to Living Reviews In RelativityLaser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a transformative experiment for gravitational wave astronomy as it will offer unique opportunities to address many key astrophysical questions in a completely novel way. The synergy with ground-based and other space-based instruments in the electromagnetic domain, by enabling multi-messenger observations, will add further to the discovery potential of LISA. The next decade is crucial to prepare the astrophysical community for LISA's first observations. This review outlines the extensive landscape of astrophysical theory, numerical simulations, and astronomical observations that are instrumental for modeling and interpreting the upcoming LISA datastream. To this aim, the current knowledge in three main source classes for LISA is reviewed: ultra-compact stellar-mass binaries, massive black hole binaries, and extreme or intermediate mass ratio inspirals. The relevant astrophysical processes and the established modeling techniques are summarized. Likewise, open issues and gaps in our understanding of these sources are highlighted, along with an indication of how LISA could help make progress in the different areas. New research avenues that LISA itself, or its joint exploitation with studies in the electromagnetic domain, will enable, are also illustrated. Improvements in modeling and analysis approaches, such as the combination of numerical simulations and modern data science techniques, are discussed. This review is intended to be a starting point for using LISA as a new discovery tool for understanding our Universe

Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

submitted to Living Reviews In RelativityLaser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a transformative experiment for gravitational wave astronomy as it will offer unique opportunities to address many key astrophysical questions in a completely novel way. The synergy with ground-based and other space-based instruments in the electromagnetic domain, by enabling multi-messenger observations, will add further to the discovery potential of LISA. The next decade is crucial to prepare the astrophysical community for LISA's first observations. This review outlines the extensive landscape of astrophysical theory, numerical simulations, and astronomical observations that are instrumental for modeling and interpreting the upcoming LISA datastream. To this aim, the current knowledge in three main source classes for LISA is reviewed: ultra-compact stellar-mass binaries, massive black hole binaries, and extreme or intermediate mass ratio inspirals. The relevant astrophysical processes and the established modeling techniques are summarized. Likewise, open issues and gaps in our understanding of these sources are highlighted, along with an indication of how LISA could help make progress in the different areas. New research avenues that LISA itself, or its joint exploitation with studies in the electromagnetic domain, will enable, are also illustrated. Improvements in modeling and analysis approaches, such as the combination of numerical simulations and modern data science techniques, are discussed. This review is intended to be a starting point for using LISA as a new discovery tool for understanding our Universe

Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

submitted to Living Reviews In RelativityLaser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a transformative experiment for gravitational wave astronomy as it will offer unique opportunities to address many key astrophysical questions in a completely novel way. The synergy with ground-based and other space-based instruments in the electromagnetic domain, by enabling multi-messenger observations, will add further to the discovery potential of LISA. The next decade is crucial to prepare the astrophysical community for LISA's first observations. This review outlines the extensive landscape of astrophysical theory, numerical simulations, and astronomical observations that are instrumental for modeling and interpreting the upcoming LISA datastream. To this aim, the current knowledge in three main source classes for LISA is reviewed: ultra-compact stellar-mass binaries, massive black hole binaries, and extreme or intermediate mass ratio inspirals. The relevant astrophysical processes and the established modeling techniques are summarized. Likewise, open issues and gaps in our understanding of these sources are highlighted, along with an indication of how LISA could help make progress in the different areas. New research avenues that LISA itself, or its joint exploitation with studies in the electromagnetic domain, will enable, are also illustrated. Improvements in modeling and analysis approaches, such as the combination of numerical simulations and modern data science techniques, are discussed. This review is intended to be a starting point for using LISA as a new discovery tool for understanding our Universe