Tratamiento de la fracción líquida del purín porcino en bio-reactores anaerobios de lecho fluidizado

[ES] Se ha llevado a cabo el estudio del proceso de degradación de la fracción líquida del purín porcino y del desarrollo de la biopelícula en dos reactores anaerobios de lecho fluidizado en el rango mesofílico de temperatura, empleando biolita y carbón activo granular como soportes. La reducción del carbono orgánico total alcanzada estuvo próxima a un 40%, trabajando con una velocidad de carga orgánica de 10 kg COT/m3.d, aunque este porcentaje se veía incrementado hasta el 90% si la carga orgánica de trabajo se reducía a 1-2 kg COT/m3.d. Estudios cinéticos revelan la existencia de una fracción orgánica remanente causada por la inhibición de la fase de hidrólisis en la depuración anaerobia del purín pocino. El efluente obtenido presenta mejores condiciones de aplicabilidad al terreno que el purín bruto al tener, a parte de un menor contenido en materia orgánica, menores cantidades de nutrientes (fósforo) y metales (hierro y cobre).CICYT (proyecto AMB1FD97-0644)Hidalgo, MD.; Álamo, JD.; Hernández, M.; Irusta, R. (2003). Tratamiento de la fracción líquida del purín porcino en bio-reactores anaerobios de lecho fluidizado. Ingeniería del agua. 10(2):127-133. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2003.2579OJS127133102APHA-AWWA-WPCF (1995). Standard Methods for de Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th Edition. Washington D.C.De Mann, A.W.A. (1990). Anaerobic purification of raw sewage with the aid of granular sludge in UASB reactors. Report Agricultural University of Wageningen, The Netherlands.Farhan, M.H., Chinhong, P.H., Keenan, J.D., Shieh, W.K. (1997). Performance of anaerobic reactors during pseudo-steady-state operation. Journal. Chem. Tech. Biotech., 69 (1), 45-57.Holst, T.C., Truc, A., Pujol, R. (1997). Anaerobic fluidized beds: ten years of industrial experience. Wat. Sci.Tech., 36 (6/7), 415-422. JIH, C.-G., HUANG, J.-S. (1994).Effect of biofilm thickness distribution on substrate-inhibited kinetics. Wat. Res., 28 (4), 967-973.Jimeno, A., Bermúdez, J.J., Cánovas-Díaz, M., Manjón, A., Iborra, J.L. (1990). Methanogenic biofilm growth studies in an anaerobic fixed-film reactor. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 12, 387-393.Lettinga, G., Field, J., Van Lier, J., Zeeman, G., Pol, L.W.H. (1997).Advanced anaerobic wastewater treatment in the near future. Wat. Sci. Tech., 35 (10), 5-12). Perez, M., Romero, L.I., Sales, D. (1998).Comparative performance of high rate anaerobic thermophilic technologies treating industrial wastewater. Wat. Res., 32 (3), 559-564.Rozzi, A. (1988). Estado del arte sobre la depuración anaerobia en Europa. 4º Seminario D.A.A.R., Valladolid, 11-20.Ryhiner, G. B., Heinzle, E., Dunn, I.J. (1993). Modeling and simulation of anaerobic wastewater treatment and its application to control design: case whey. Biotechnol. Progress, 9 (3), 332-343.Wheatley, A.D., Johnson, K. A., Winstanley, C.I. (1990). The reliability of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of food processing effluents. Anaerobic Digestion, IAWPRC, 135-146.Zeeman, G. (1991). Mesophilic and psychrophilic digestión of liquid manure. Ph Thesis, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands

A holistic index-based framework to assess urban resilience: Application to the Madrid Region, Spain

Resilience is considered to be a component of sustainability and is addressed in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted by all United Nations Member States. Resilience in this context is mainly oriented to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. However, a holistic approach, considering urban systems as a whole and resilience to all kind of disturbances, is needed for a better understanding of the complexity of urban resilience. To advance in this direction we have proposed an Urban Resilience Index and applied it to 81 cities in the Madrid Region, Spain. The index comprises 42 indicators that measure six resilience characteristics: diversity, self-sufficiency and autonomy, polycentric governance, social cohesion, learning and innovation, and social-ecological justice, in five urban dimensions: socio-cultural, economic, ecological, physical and technological, and governance system. Our results showed that the ecological dimension in the Madrid Region is largely determined by the geomorphological characteristics and the associated ecosystems, but municipalities compensate it with resilience strategies focused on social and physical aspects. The most resilient municipalities are also in general the most sustainable, but not always. We propose to use the Urban Resilience Index in combination with the Sustainable Development Goals Index to develop resilient strategies towards sustainabilityProgram H2019/HUM-5744 CM-INCLUSIVA-C

Kinetics of oxygen consumption, a key factor in the changes of young wines composition

Producción CientíficaThe oxygen that a wine receives during the winemaking process defines its properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the oxygen consumption capacity of wines and its influence on the modification of their composition. This preliminary work evaluated the changes after 3 months in the chemical composition of twenty-seven Spanish commercial red, white and rosé wines after their air saturation and oxidation process at 35 °C for 7 days. All the wines studied were high oxygen consumers, while the white and rosé wines showed greater variability according to their chemical composition. Wines that consumed a lot of oxygen did so quickly or slowly, while wines that consumed little oxygen did so slowly. All the wines showed a significant decrease in ethyl esters of straight-chain fatty acids (50–58%), ethyl esters of branched-chain fatty acids (48–56%) and alcohol acetates (34–65%) content, and a significant increase in Strecker aldehydes (24%) because of oxygen consumption. This paper presents a preliminary approach to determine the oxidation tendency of different wines showing the importance of controlling the winemaking processes that can increase oxygen availability and of establishing the minimum appropriate level of free sulfur dioxide.Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital (AGL2017-87373-C3-2-R

Concurso creativo sobre derechos humanos en conmemoración del XXV aniversario de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales

Memoria ID-0159. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017

BBB opening with focused ultrasound in nonhuman primates and Parkinson’s disease patients: Targeted AAV vector delivery and PET imaging

血液脳関門開放術による遺伝子治療法の開発 --身体を傷つけない脳疾患の治療を目指して--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-04-20.Intracerebral vector delivery in nonhuman primates has been a major challenge. We report successful blood-brain barrier opening and focal delivery of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vectors into brain regions involved in Parkinson’s disease using low-intensity focus ultrasound in adult macaque monkeys. Openings were well tolerated with generally no associated abnormal magnetic resonance imaging signals. Neuronal green fluorescent protein expression was observed specifically in regions with confirmed blood-brain barrier opening. Similar blood-brain barrier openings were safely demonstrated in three patients with Parkinson’s disease. In these patients and in one monkey, blood-brain barrier opening was followed by 18F-Choline uptake in the putamen and midbrain regions based on positron emission tomography. This indicates focal and cellular binding of molecules that otherwise would not enter the brain parenchyma. The less-invasive nature of this methodology could facilitate focal viral vector delivery for gene therapy and might allow early and repeated interventions to treat neurodegenerative disorders

Dissecting the role of TP53 alterations in del(11q) chronic lymphocytic leukemia

© 2021 The Authors.[Background]: Several genetic alterations have been identified as driver events in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathogenesis and oncogenic evolution. Concurrent driver alterations usually coexist within the same tumoral clone, but how the cooperation of multiple genomic abnormalities contributes to disease progression remains poorly understood. Specifically, the biological and clinical consequences of concurrent high-risk alterations such as del(11q)/ATM-mutations and del(17p)/TP53-mutations have not been established.[Methods]: We integrated next-generation sequencing (NGS) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 techniques to characterize the in vitro and in vivo effects of concurrent monoallelic or biallelic ATM and/or TP53 alterations in CLL prognosis, clonal evolution, and therapy response.[Results]: Targeted sequencing analysis of the co-occurrence of high-risk alterations in 271 CLLs revealed that biallelic inactivation of both ATM and TP53 was mutually exclusive, whereas monoallelic del(11q) and TP53 alterations significantly co-occurred in a subset of CLL patients with a highly adverse clinical outcome. We determined the biological effects of combined del(11q), ATM and/or TP53 mutations in CRISPR/Cas9-edited CLL cell lines. Our results showed that the combination of monoallelic del(11q) and TP53 mutations in CLL cells led to a clonal advantage in vitro and in in vivo clonal competition experiments, whereas CLL cells harboring biallelic ATM and TP53 loss failed to compete in in vivo xenotransplants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CLL cell lines harboring del(11q) and TP53 mutations show only partial responses to B cell receptor signaling inhibitors, but may potentially benefit from ATR inhibition.[Conclusions]: Our work highlights that combined monoallelic del(11q) and TP53 alterations coordinately contribute to clonal advantage and shorter overall survival in CLL.Spanish Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Grant/Award Numbers: PI15/01471, PI18/01500); Fundación Memoria Don Samuel Solórzano Barruso, Grant/Award Number: RD12/0036/006

Diagnostic Accuracy of Abdominal CT for Locally Advanced Colon Tumors: Can We Really Entrust Certain Decisions to the Reliability of CT?

Many different options of neoadjuvant treatments for advanced colon cancer are emerging. An accurate preoperative staging is crucial to select the most appropriate treatment option. A retrospective study was carried out on a national series of operated patients with T4 tumors. Considering the anatomo-pathological analysis of the surgical specimen as the gold standard, a diagnostic accuracy study was carried out on the variables T and N staging and the presence of peritoneal metastases (M1c). The parameters calculated were sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios, as well as the overall accuracy. A total of 50 centers participated in the study in which 1950 patients were analyzed. The sensitivity of CT for correct staging of T4 colon tumors was 57%. Regarding N staging, the overall accuracy was 63%, with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 62%; however, the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.7 and 0.58, respectively. For the diagnosis of peritoneal metastases, the accuracy was 94.8%, with a sensitivity of 40% and specificity of 98%; in the case of peritoneal metastases, the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 24.4 and 0.61, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of CT in the setting of advanced colon cancer still has some shortcomings for accurate diagnosis of stage T4, correct classification of lymph nodes, and preoperative detection of peritoneal metastases

Dissecting the role of TP53 alterations in del(11q) chronic lymphocytic leukemia

[EN]Background Several genetic alterations have been identified as driver events in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathogenesis and oncogenic evolution. Concurrent driver alterations usually coexist within the same tumoral clone, but how the cooperation of multiple genomic abnormalities contributes to disease progression remains poorly understood. Specifically, the biological and clinical consequences of concurrent high-risk alterations such as del(11q)/ATM-mutations and del(17p)/TP53-mutations have not been established. Methods We integrated next-generation sequencing (NGS) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 techniques to characterize the in vitro and in vivo effects of concurrent monoallelic or biallelic ATM and/or TP53 alterations in CLL prognosis, clonal evolution, and therapy response. Results Targeted sequencing analysis of the co-occurrence of high-risk alterations in 271 CLLs revealed that biallelic inactivation of both ATM and TP53 was mutually exclusive, whereas monoallelic del(11q) and TP53 alterations significantly co-occurred in a subset of CLL patients with a highly adverse clinical outcome. We determined the biological effects of combined del(11q), ATM and/or TP53 mutations in CRISPR/Cas9-edited CLL cell lines. Our results showed that the combination of monoallelic del(11q) and TP53 mutations in CLL cells led to a clonal advantage in vitro and in in vivo clonal competition experiments, whereas CLL cells harboring biallelic ATM and TP53 loss failed to compete in in vivo xenotransplants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CLL cell lines harboring del(11q) and TP53 mutations show only partial responses to B cell receptor signaling inhibitors, but may potentially benefit from ATR inhibition. Conclusions Our work highlights that combined monoallelic del(11q) and TP53 alterations coordinately contribute to clonal advantage and shorter overall survival in CLL

Focused ultrasound subthalamotomy in patients with asymmetric Parkinson's disease: a pilot study

Ablative neurosurgery has been used to treat Parkinson's disease for many decades. MRI-guided focused ultrasound allows focal lesions to be made in deep brain structures without skull incision. We investigated the safety and preliminary efficacy of unilateral subthalamotomy by focused ultrasound in Parkinson's disease.Fundación de investigación HM Hospitales and Insightec.Peer reviewe

Prospective Long-term Follow-up of Focused Ultrasound Unilateral Subthalamotomy for Parkinson Disease

Unilateral magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound subthalamotomy (FUS-STN) has been shown to improve the cardinal motor features of Parkinson disease (PD). Whether this effect is sustained is not known. This study aims to report the long-term outcome of patients with PD treated with unilateral FUS-STN.Peer reviewe