Carbapenemase detection in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by MALDI-TOF MS mass spectrometry

Introducción: Las bacterias gramnegativas, especialmente Pseudomonas, presentan con frecuencia resistencia a múltiples antibióticos incluyendo carbapenemes. La resistencia a carbapanemes se ha incrementado en los últimos años causada por alteraciones de membrana o por la producción de carbapenemasas. Objetivo: Valorar la utilización de la espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF MS® para la detección de carbapenemasas clase A o B en Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Material y métodos: Partiendo de 12 aislados de Pseudomonas aeruginosa productoras de carbapenemasas clase A o B identificados mediante método de difusión disco-placa, tipificadas usando los discos: meropenem 10µg, meropenem 10µg + ácido borónico, meropenem 10µg + cloxacilina y meropenem 10µg + ácido dipicolínico (Rosco Diagnostica), hemos analizado posibles picos de hidrólisis del meropenem tras la acción de las carbapenemasas mediante espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF MS®. Como controles negativos se utilizaron 25 cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensibles a meropenem y 8 cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa con impermeabilidad de membrana, no detectables mediante la metodología utilizada. Resultados: De las 12 cepas productoras de carbapenemasas clase A o B, (2/12 clase A, 10/12 clase B), la técnica de espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF MS® detectó picos de degradación del antibiótico en estudio correspondientes a la presencia de carbapenemasas en 11/12 casos (94.4%). En las cepas usadas como controles negativos, la espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF MS® indicó la ausencia de carbapenemasas clase A o B en 31/33 (93.9%) casos. Conclusión: La espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF MS® puede ser una herramienta útil para la confirmación de carbapenemasas clase A y B en Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Introduction: Gram-negative bacteria especially Pseudomonas are resistance to multiple antibiotics including carbapenems. Carbapanemes resistance has increased in recent years caused by alterations of membrane or the production of carbapenemases. Objective: Assess the use of MALDI-TOF MS® mass spectrometry for the detection of carbapenemases class A or B in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Material and methods: From isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing carbapenemases 12 class A or B identified by diffusion method disco-plate, classified using disks: meropenem 10μg, meropenem 10μg + boronic acid, meropenem 10μg + cloxacillin and meropenem 10μg + acid dipicolinic (Rosco Diagnostica), we analyzed possible hydrolysis of meropenem peaks after the action of the carbapenemases by MALDI-TOF MS® mass spectrometry. As negative controls were used 25 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to meropenem and 8 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with waterproof membrane, not detectable by the methodology used. Results: Of the 12 strains producing carbapenemases class A or B, (2/12 class A, 10/12 class B), MALDI-TOF MS® mass spectrometry technique detected peaks of degradation of the antibiotic in study to the presence of carbapenemases in 11/12 cases (94.4%). The strains used as controls negative, MALDI-TOF MS® mass spectrometry indicated the absence of carbapenemases class A or B at 31/33 cases (93.9%). Conclusion: MALDI-TOF MS® mass spectrometry can be a useful tool for the confirmation of carbapenemases class A and B in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Sepsityper® for rapid identification of microorganisms from positive blood cultures

Nuestro estudio ha evaluado las ventajas de la utilización del kit Sepsityper® para la identificación rápida de microorganismos a partir de hemocultivos positivos, acompañado de la tecnología de espectrometría de masas MALDITOF MS®, en comparación con los métodos tradicionales empleados para el diagnóstico de bacteriemia. Para la identificación del microorganismo en 379 hemocultivos positivos en el Departamento de Microbiología del Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, se aplicó la espectrometría de masas MALDITOF MS® utilizando el sistema Sepsityper® (Bruker) y se comparó con la identificación mediante métodos convencionales (Wider, Vitek II, Api). La correlación de resultados de los dos esquemas diagnósticos fue determinada estadísticamente por el coeficiente de correlación kappa. La distribución de los aislamientos fue de un 24,7 % de Bacilos Gram negativos (BGN) y 75,3 % de microorganismos Cocos Gram positivos (CGP). La concordancia global de resultados fue del 95,8 % en la especie (k = 0,928) y del 98,7 % en el género (k = 0,977), siendo el porcentaje de identificaciones fallidas del 1,3%. Para BGN hubo una concordancia de resultados del 95,2 % (k = 0,928, especie), y 100 % (k = 1, género). Respecto a los CGP, la concordancia fue del 98,2 % en género (k = 0,931), y del 82,5 % (k = 0,627) a nivel de especie. En nuestra experiencia se ha observado una ganancia de al menos 13–23h en la identificación a nivel de especie. La utilización del kit Sepsityper® para la identificación rápida de microorganismos a partir de hemocultivos positivos, acompañado de MALDITOF MS®, muestra una excelente correlación respecto a la identificación realizada a través de la metodología convencional, con una importante disminución del tiempo hasta la identificación.Our study has evaluated the advantages of using Sepsityper® kit for a fast identification of microorganisms from positive blood cultures, along with the mass spectrometry technology MALDITOF-MS®, compared to traditional methods used for diagnosis of bacteremia. To identify the microorganism isolated from the 379 positive blood cultures (BC +) the Department of Microbiology, University Hospital San Cecilio, MALDITOFMS® mass spectrometry along with Sepsityper® (Bruker) were applied and it was compared to the conventional methods for the identification of this organism. The correlation of results between these two diagnostic schemes was statistically determined by kappa correlation coefficient. The distribution of the isolates was 24.7% for Gram negative bacilli (GNB) and 75.3% for Gram-positive cocci (GPC). The overall concordance of results was 95.8% within the species (k = 0.928) and 98.7% within the genus (k = 0.977), with a failed-identification percentage of 1.3%. For GNB there was a concordance of results of 95.2% (k = 0.928, species), and 100% (k = 1, genus). Regarding the GPC, the concordance was 98.2% within the genus (k = 0.931), and 82.5% (k = 0.627) at the species level. According to our experience there was a gain of at least 13-23 hours in the identification of the microorganisms at the species level. The use of Sepsityper® kit for the rapid identification of microorganisms from positive blood cultures, along with MALDITOF-MS®, show an excellent correlation compared to identification made by the conventional methods, with a significant reduction in time until identification

Arqueología en la ACEGA 2: el área arqueológica de O Peto (Vedra, A Coruña)

Cadernos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (CAPA)[EN] The archaeological area of O Peto was discovered during the construction of the highway Santiago-Alto de Santo de Domingo. This site shows the existence of archaeological structures near of the galician Iron Age hillforts. In fact O Peto is an artificialized space (where a set of several structures was exhumed) that belongs to a prerroman iron mining complex that suffered several changes in the beginning of Romanization.[ES] El área arqueológica de O Peto se descubrió durante el control arqueológico de la construcción de la Autopista Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo. Se trata de un ejemplo significativo de la existencia de estructuras anejas en el entorno inmediato del recinto habitacional de los castros de la Edad del Hierro. Constituye un espacio claramente artificializado en el que se superponen estructuras excavadas en la roca, de naturaleza y finalidad diferentes. A este respecto se configura un espacio construido –aparentemente multifuncional- que experimentó sucesivos procesos de ampliación, redefinición, sellado intencionado y abandono entre la Edad del Hierro y Época Romana. La información aportada por la excavación indica que este yacimiento albergó un complejo minerometalúrgico caracterizado tecnológicamente por la utilización de hornos bajos prerromanos sin sangrado de escoria que procesarían el mineral extraído en el propio yacimiento.Proyecto financiado por la Dirección Xeral de Investigación e Desenvolvemento da Consellería de Innovación, Industria e Comercio (Xunta de Galicia) con cargo a la convocatoria Programa de Tecnoloxías para a Innovación- Tecnoloxías da Construcción e da Conservación do Patrimonio do ano 2004. Código de Proxecto: PGIDIT04CCP606003PRPeer reviewe

Arqueología en la ACEGA 2: el área arqueológica de O Peto (Vedra, A Coruña)

Cadernos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (CAPA)[EN] The archaeological area of O Peto was discovered during the construction of the highway Santiago-Alto de Santo de Domingo. This site shows the existence of archaeological structures near of the galician Iron Age hillforts. In fact O Peto is an artificialized space (where a set of several structures was exhumed) that belongs to a prerroman iron mining complex that suffered several changes in the beginning of Romanization.[ES] El área arqueológica de O Peto se descubrió durante el control arqueológico de la construcción de la Autopista Santiago-Alto de Santo Domingo. Se trata de un ejemplo significativo de la existencia de estructuras anejas en el entorno inmediato del recinto habitacional de los castros de la Edad del Hierro. Constituye un espacio claramente artificializado en el que se superponen estructuras excavadas en la roca, de naturaleza y finalidad diferentes. A este respecto se configura un espacio construido –aparentemente multifuncional- que experimentó sucesivos procesos de ampliación, redefinición, sellado intencionado y abandono entre la Edad del Hierro y Época Romana. La información aportada por la excavación indica que este yacimiento albergó un complejo minerometalúrgico caracterizado tecnológicamente por la utilización de hornos bajos prerromanos sin sangrado de escoria que procesarían el mineral extraído en el propio yacimiento.Proyecto financiado por la Dirección Xeral de Investigación e Desenvolvemento da Consellería de Innovación, Industria e Comercio (Xunta de Galicia) con cargo a la convocatoria Programa de Tecnoloxías para a Innovación- Tecnoloxías da Construcción e da Conservación do Patrimonio do ano 2004. Código de Proxecto: PGIDIT04CCP606003PRPeer reviewe

Plan de parto y nacimiento

Texto en gallego y españo

Effectiveness of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic Vaccination in a Population at High Risk of Mpox: A Spanish Cohort Study

Background: With over 7,500 cases notified since April 2022, Spain has experienced the highest incidence of mpox in Europe. From July 12th onwards, the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic (MVA-BN) smallpox vaccine was offered as pre-exposure prophylaxis for individuals at high-risk of mpox, including those receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV (HIV-PrEP). Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of one dose of MVA-BN vaccine as pre-exposure against mpox virus (MPXV) infection in persons on HIV-PrEP. Methods: We conducted a national retrospective cohort study between July 12 and December 12, 2022. Individuals ≥18 years, receiving HIV-PrEP as of July 12 and with no previous MPXV infection or vaccination were eligible. Each day, we matched individuals receiving a first dose of MVA-BN vaccine and unvaccinated controls of the same age group and region. We used a Kaplan-Meier estimator and calculate risk ratios (RR) and vaccine effectiveness (VE = 1-RR). Results: We included 5,660 matched pairs, with a median follow-up of 62 days (interquartile range 24-97). Mpox cumulative incidence was 5.6 per 1,000 (25 cases) in unvaccinated and 3.5 per 1,000 (18 cases) in vaccinated. No effect was found during days 0-6 post-vaccination (VE -38.3; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -332.7; 46.4), but VE was 65% in ≥7 days (95%CI 22.9; 88.0) and 79% in ≥14 days (95%CI 33.3; 100.0) post-vaccination. Conclusions: One dose of MVA-BN vaccine offered protection against mpox in a most-at-risk population shortly after the vaccination. Further studies need to assess the VE of a second dose and the duration of protection over time.S

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research