Caracterización de una ruta fagocítica mediada por el TCR en linfocitos T

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 18/2/201

Medidas de dispersión ordinal: aplicaciones a la medición del impacto de etiquetas lingüísticas y a problemas de decisión multicriterio con operadores OWA

Esta memoria está dedicada al análisis de la dispersión de datos de naturaleza cualitativa ordinal. En ella comenzamos haciendo una revisión profunda del estado del arte analizando y formulando rigurosamente las medidas de dispersión ordinal encontradas. A continuación estudiamos las propiedades existentes en la literatura y proponemos otras nuevas propiedades relevantes para las medidas de dispersión. Seguidamente clasificamos las medidas de dispersión ordinal en función de las propiedades que verifican. También introducimos una relación de equivalencia entre medidas de dispersión ordinal que nos permite agruparlas..

Distribución, abundancia y conservación de la culebrilla mora (Trogonophis wiegmanni) en las Islas Chafarinas

Peer reviewe

Quality stability assessment of a strawberry-gel product during storage

A strawberry-gel product was formulated by using osmotic treatment. The osmotic solution (OS) used to dehydrate the fruit was mixed with carrageenan and employed to formulate the gel. In order to prevent a further dehydration of the fruit during product storage, the OS was previously diluted so that its water activity is the same as the dehydrated fruit. Changes in water, soluble solids, citric acid, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin contents, water activity, surface color, mechanical properties and volatile profile during 15 days of storage (5C) were evaluated. The use of the OS increased the nutritive and functional properties of the product. Changes in volatile profile, mechanical properties and color of the strawberry occur mainly in the first 2 days of storage and are not due to the presence of the gel matrix, as they occur also in the samples not placed in gel. The flux of anthocyanins from the fruit to the gel produces redness, giving a more attractive aspect to the formulated product. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors thank the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) for financial support throughout the projects AGL2002-01793 and AGL 2005-05994.Martín-Esparza, M.; Escriche Roberto, MI.; Penagos, L.; Martínez Navarrete, N. (2011). Quality stability assessment of a strawberry-gel product during storage. Journal of Food Process Engineering. 34(2):204-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.2008.00349.xS20422334

Modulation of mechanosensory vibrissal responses in the trigeminocervical complex by stimulation of the greater occipital nerve in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain.

Background Stimulation of the occipital or trigeminal nerves has been successfully used to treat chronic refractory neurovascular headaches such as migraine or cluster headache, and painful neuropathies. Convergence of trigeminal and occipital sensory afferents in the ‘trigeminocervical complex’ (TCC) from cutaneous, muscular, dural, and visceral sources is a key mechanism for the input-induced central sensitization that may underlie the altered nociception. Both excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic and glycinergic) mechanisms are involved in modulating nociception in the spinal and medullary dorsal horn neurons, but the mechanisms by which nerve stimulation effects occur are unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the acute effects of electrical stimulation of the greater occipital nerve (GON) on the responses of neurons in the TCC to the mechanical stimulation of the vibrissal pad. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were used. Neuronal recordings were obtained in laminae II-IV in the TCC in control, sham and infraorbital chronic constriction injury (CCI-IoN) animals. The GON was isolated and electrically stimulated. Responses to the stimulation of vibrissae by brief air pulses were analyzed before and after GON stimulation. In order to understand the role of the neurotransmitters involved, specific receptor blockers of NMDA (AP-5), GABAA (bicuculline, Bic) and Glycine (strychnine, Str) were applied locally. Results GON stimulation produced a facilitation of the response to light facial mechanical stimuli in controls, and an inhibition in CCI-IoN cases. AP-5 reduced responses to GON and vibrissal stimulation and blocked the facilitation of GON on vibrissal responses found in controls. The application of Bic or Str significantly reduced the facilitatory effect of GON stimulation on the response to vibrissal stimulation in controls. However, the opposite effect was found when GABAergic or Glycinergic transmission was prevented in CCI-IoN cases. Conclusions GON stimulation modulates the responses of TCC neurons to light mechanical input from the face in opposite directions in controls and under CCI-IoN. This modulation is mediated by GABAergic and Glycinergic mechanisms. These results will help to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of nerve stimulation in controlling painful craniofacial disorders, and may be instrumental in identifying new therapeutic targets for their prevention and treatment.post-print1932 K

Microglia and Inhibitory Circuitry in the Medullary Dorsal Horn: Laminar and Time-Dependent Changes in a Trigeminal Model of Neuropathic Pain.

post-print5657 K

QSAR Modelling to Identify LRRK2 Inhibitors for Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative illnesses in older persons and the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is an auspicious target for its pharmacological treatment. In this work, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for identification of putative inhibitors of LRRK2 protein are developed by using an in-house chemical library and several machine learning techniques. The methodology applied in this paper has two steps: first, alternative subsets of molecular descriptors useful for characterizing LRRK2 inhibitors are chosen by a multi-objective feature selection method; secondly, QSAR models are learned by using these subsets and three different strategies for supervised learning. The qualities of all these QSAR models are compared by classical metrics and the best models are discussed in statistical and physicochemical terms.Fil: Sebastián Pérez, Víctor. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; EspañaFil: Martínez, María Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. Instituto de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación; ArgentinaFil: Gil, Carmen. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; EspañaFil: Campillo Martín, Nuria Eugenia. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; EspañaFil: Martínez, Ana. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; EspañaFil: Ponzoni, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación. Instituto de Ciencias e Ingeniería de la Computación; Argentin

Multiple Morphometric Assessment of Microglial Cells in Deafferented Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus.

Microglia (MG) are the first cells to react to the abnormal incoming signals that follow an injury of sensory nerves and play a critical role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain, a common sequel of nerve injuries. Here we present population data on cell number, soma size, and length of processes of MG in the caudal division of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5C) in control mice and at the peak of microgliosis (7 days) following unilateral transection of the infraorbital nerve (IoN). The study is performed combining several bias- and assumption-free imaging and stereological approaches with different immunolabeling procedures, with the objective of tackling some hard problems that often hinder proper execution of MG morphometric studies. Our approach may easily be applied to low-density MG populations, but also works, with limited biases, in territories where MG cell bodies and processes form dense meshworks. In controls, and contralaterally to the deafferented side, MG cell body size and shape and branching pattern matched well the descriptions of “resting” or “surveillant” MG described elsewhere, with only moderate intersubject variability. On the superficial laminae of the deafferented side, however, MG displayed on average larger somata and remarkable diversity in shape. The number of cells and the length of MG processes per mm3 increased 5 and 2.5 times, respectively, indicating a net 50% decrease in the mean length of processes per cell. By using specific immunolabeling and cell sorting of vascular macrophages, we found only a negligible fraction of these cells in Sp5C, with no differences between controls and deafferented animals, suggesting that blood-borne monocytes play at most a very limited role in the microgliosis occurring following sensory nerve deafferentation. In sum, here we present reliable morphometric data on MG in control and deafferented trigeminal nuclei using efficient methods that we propose may equally be applied to any morphometric population analysis of these cells under different physiological or pathological conditions.post-print1841 K

Synthesis of Al-MTW with low Si/Al ratios by combining organic and inorganic structure directing agents

[EN] A rationalized combination of alkali cations and bulky dicationic organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) has allowed the synthesis of the Al-rich MTW zeolites with Si/Al ratios of similar to 12 and large pore accessibility. Al-27 MAS NMR spectroscopy indicates that most of the aluminum atoms are in tetrahedral coordination in framework positions, and in situ infrared pyridine adsorption/desorption spectroscopy reveals strong Bronsted acidity after cationic exchange for the Al-rich MTW. In addition, another MTW material with a Si/Al ratio of 30 has been synthesized under alkali-free conditions using a bulky dicationic molecule such as OSDA, the lowest Si/Al ratio being achieved for a MTW zeolite synthesized in the absence of alkali-cations in the synthesis media. The catalytic activity of these MTW materials has been tested for the n-decane cracking reaction, achieving higher catalytic activities and olefin yields than other related large pore zeolites.Financial support from the Spanish Government-MINECO through "Severo Ochoa" (SEV 2012-0267), Consolider Ingenio 2010-Multicat and, MAT2012-37160 is acknowledged.Paris-Carrizo, CG.; Martín-García, N.; Martínez-Triguero, J.; Moliner Marin, M.; Corma Canós, A. (2016). Synthesis of Al-MTW with low Si/Al ratios by combining organic and inorganic structure directing agents. New Journal of Chemistry. 40(5):4140-4145. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NJ01203AS41404145405LaPierre, R. B., Rohrman, A. C., Schlenker, J. L., Wood, J. D., Rubin, M. K., & Rohrbaugh, W. J. (1985). The framework topology of ZSM-12: A high-silica zeolite. Zeolites, 5(6), 346-348. doi:10.1016/0144-2449(85)90121-6Gies, H., & Marker, B. (1992). The structure-controlling role of organic templates for the synthesis of porosils in the systems SiO2/template/H2O. Zeolites, 12(1), 42-49. doi:10.1016/0144-2449(92)90008-dFyfe, C. A., Gies, H., Kokotailo, G. T., Marler, B., & Cox, D. E. (1990). Crystal structure of silica-ZSM-12 by the combined use of hgh-resolution solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy and synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 94(9), 3718-3721. doi:10.1021/j100372a066Reddy, K. M., Moudrakovski, I., & Sayari, A. (1994). VS-12: a novel large-pore vanadium silicate with ZSM-12 structure. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, (12), 1491. doi:10.1039/c39940001491Millini, R., Frigerio, F., Bellussi, G., Pazzuconi, G., Perego, C., Pollesel, P., & Romano, U. (2003). A priori selection of shape-selective zeolite catalysts for the synthesis of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene. Journal of Catalysis, 217(2), 298-309. doi:10.1016/s0021-9517(03)00071-xPerego, C., Amarilli, S., Millini, R., Bellussi, G., Girotti, G., & Terzoni, G. (1996). Experimental and computational study of beta, ZSM-12, Y, mordenite and ERB-1 in cumene synthesis. Microporous Materials, 6(5-6), 395-404. doi:10.1016/0927-6513(96)00037-5Jones, C. (1999). m-Xylene reactions over zeolites with unidimensional pore systems. Applied Catalysis A: General, 181(2), 289-303. doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(98)00401-3Zhang, W., & Smirniotis, P. G. (1999). Catalysis Letters, 60(4), 223-228. doi:10.1023/a:1019079612655Katovic, A., Chiche, B. H., Di Renzo, F., Giordano, G., & Fajula, F. (2000). Influence of the aluminium content on the acidity and catalytic activity of MTW-type zeolites. 12th International Congress on Catalysis, Proceedings of the 12th ICC, 857-862. doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(00)81066-6Kamimura, Y., Itabashi, K., & Okubo, T. (2012). Seed-assisted, OSDA-free synthesis of MTW-type zeolite and «Green MTW» from sodium aluminosilicate gel systems. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 147(1), 149-156. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.05.038Kamimura, Y., Iyoki, K., Elangovan, S. P., Itabashi, K., Shimojima, A., & Okubo, T. (2012). OSDA-free synthesis of MTW-type zeolite from sodium aluminosilicate gels with zeolite beta seeds. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 163, 282-290. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2012.07.014Coulomb, J. P., & Floquet, N. (2008). Determination of zeolite closed porosity in (1D) channel systems (AFI and MTW types). Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 913-916. doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(08)80037-7Gopal, S., Yoo, K., & Smirniotis, P. G. (2001). Synthesis of Al-rich ZSM-12 using TEAOH as template. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 49(1-3), 149-156. doi:10.1016/s1387-1811(01)00412-7Araujo, A. S., Silva, A. O. S., Souza, M. J. B., Coutinho, A. C. S. L. S., Aquino, J. M. F. B., Moura, J. A., & Pedrosa, A. M. G. (2005). Crystallization of ZSM-12 Zeolite with Different Si/Al Ratio. Adsorption, 11(2), 159-165. doi:10.1007/s10450-005-4909-8Li, J., Lou, L.-L., Xu, C., & Liu, S. (2014). Synthesis, characterization of Al-rich ZSM-12 zeolite and their catalytic performance in liquid-phase tert-butylation of phenol. Catalysis Communications, 50, 97-100. doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2014.03.011Jackowski, A., Zones, S. I., Hwang, S.-J., & Burton, A. W. (2009). Diquaternary Ammonium Compounds in Zeolite Synthesis: Cyclic and PolycyclicN-Heterocycles Connected by Methylene Chains. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(3), 1092-1100. doi:10.1021/ja806978fCorma, A., Martı́nez-Triguero, J., Valencia, S., Benazzi, E., & Lacombe, S. (2002). IM-5: A Highly Thermal and Hydrothermal Shape-Selective Cracking Zeolite. Journal of Catalysis, 206(1), 125-133. doi:10.1006/jcat.2001.3469Marler, B., Dehnbostel, N., Eulert, H.-H., Gies, H., & Liebau, F. (1986). Studies on clathrasils VIII. Nonasils-[4158], 88SiO2 � 8M8 � 8M9 � 4M20: Synthesis, thermal properties, and crystal structure. Journal of Inclusion Phenomena, 4(4), 339-349. doi:10.1007/bf00656161Pinar, A. B., García, R., Gómez-Hortigüela, L., & Pérez-Pariente, J. (2010). Synthesis of Open Zeolite Structures from Mixtures of Tetramethylammonium and Benzylmethylalkylammonium Cations: A Step Towards Driving Aluminium Location in the Framework. Topics in Catalysis, 53(19-20), 1297-1303. doi:10.1007/s11244-010-9587-4De Baerdemaeker, T., Müller, U., & Yilmaz, B. (2011). Alkali-free synthesis of Al-MTW using 4-cyclohexyl-1,1-dimethylpiperazinium hydroxide as structure directing agent. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 143(2-3), 477-481. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.03.018Emeis, C. A. (1993). Determination of Integrated Molar Extinction Coefficients for Infrared Absorption Bands of Pyridine Adsorbed on Solid Acid Catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 141(2), 347-354. doi:10.1006/jcat.1993.114

La Economía Social en el emprendimiento de base tecnológica en España. Un análisis cualitativo

Hay plena coincidencia sobre la importancia de las transformaciones sociales y económicas que las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación han originado en las últimas décadas. Las empresas de base tecnológica (EBT) muestran una capacidad extraordinaria para ofrecer nuevas soluciones, tanto a las necesidades emergentes como a otras que han estado insatisfechas por largos períodos de tiempo, y su impacto económico y social es indudable por su aportación al crecimiento económico y por ser elementos indispensables en la transferencia de tecnología desde los sistemas de innovación a los mercados y la sociedad.En este contexto cabe entender el interés de la Economía Social por tener una participación creciente en las actividades de base tecnológica o basadas en el conocimiento. Dicha participación fortalecería el sector, elevando sus tasas de crecimiento a medio y largo plazo; mejorando su contribución relativa a las macromagnitudes autonómicas y estatales; incorporando nuevos perfiles de trabajadores/as y de empresas, y elevando las condiciones laborales medias del sector. Este artículo profundiza en la relación entre las empresas de Economía Social y el emprendimiento de base tecnológica a través de un análisis cualitativo que incorpora la visión de los principales actores. A partir de ese análisis se identifican las principales líneas de avance del sector agrupadas en cuatro ejes: mejora de la visibilidad de la Economía social, acercamiento de la Economía social a los nuevos perfiles de emprendedores de base tecnológica, asesoramiento y acompañamiento en las etapas iniciales, y apoyo en las fases de crecimiento y consolidación