Sociología

Voz Sociología. Gran Enciclopedia de la Comunitat Valenciana. Se define el concepto de Sociología situando sus orígenes, proceso de institucionalización, análisis de la situación actual, herramientas y finalidad de esta Ciencia Social prestando una especial atención al caso valenciano (España).Sociology. Gran Enciclopedia de la Comunitat Valenciana. The concept of Sociology is defined by placing its origins, institutionalization process, analysis of the current situation, tools and purpose of this Social Science with special attention to the case of Valencia (Spain)

Hallazgo de grabados rupestres de estilo paleolítico en el norte de la provincia de Castellón: el Abric d'en Melià (Serra d'en Galceran)

Nuevos hallazgos de arte rupestre

Photo-induced luminescence

The present paper is a critical review dealing with the characteristics, reaction mechanisms and photoproducts, instrumentation and analytical applications of the photo-induced either chemiluminescence or fluorescence. Special attention is paid to the determination of pesticides by continuous-flow methodologies. The paper is divided into several sections covering the most relevant published papers.Catalá Icardo, M.; Martínez Calatayud, JM. (2008). Photo-induced luminescence. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. 38(2):118-130. doi:10.1080/10408340802039609S118130382Lukasiewicz, R. J., & Fitzgerald, J. M. (1973). Digital integration method for fluorimetric studies of photochemically unstable compounds. Analytical Chemistry, 45(3), 511-517. doi:10.1021/ac60325a002Aaron, J. J., Villafranca, J. E., White, V. R., & Fitzgerald, J. M. (1976). A Quantitative Photochemical-Fluorimetric Method for Measurement of Nonfluorescent Vitamin K1. Applied Spectroscopy, 30(2), 159-162. doi:10.1366/000370276774456408Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1998). Fluorimetric analysis of pesticides: Methods, recent developments and applications. Talanta, 46(5), 815-843. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(97)00366-4Aaron, J.-J., & Coly, A. (2000). Luminescence methods in pesticide analysis. Applications to the environment. Analusis, 28(8), 699-709. doi:10.1051/analusis:2000280699Catalá Icardo, M., Garcı́a Mateo, J. V., & Martı́nez Calatayud, J. (2002). Multicommutation as a powerful new analytical tool. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 21(5), 366-378. doi:10.1016/s0165-9936(02)00505-8Coly, A. (1999). Photochemically-induced fluorescence determination of sulfonylurea herbicides using micellar media. Talanta, 49(1), 107-117. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(98)00349-xWerkhoven-Goewie, C. E., Boon, W. M., Praat, A. J. J., Frei, R. W., Brinkman, U. A. T., & Little, C. J. (1982). Preconcentration and LC analysis of chlorophenols, using a styrene-divinyl-benzene copolymeric sorbent and photochemical reaction detection. Chromatographia, 16(1), 53-59. doi:10.1007/bf02258869Scholten, A. H. M. T., Welling, P. L. M., Brinkman, U. A. T., & Frei, R. W. (1980). Use of PTFE coils in post-column photochemical reactors for liquid chromatograph — application to pharmaceuticals. Journal of Chromatography A, 199, 239-248. doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91376-7Batley, G. E. (1984). Use of Teflon components in photochemical reactors. Analytical Chemistry, 56(12), 2261-2262. doi:10.1021/ac00276a066Engelhardt, H., & Neue, U. D. (1982). Reaction detector with three dimensional coiled open tubes in HPLC. Chromatographia, 15(7), 403-408. doi:10.1007/bf02261598Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1994). Photochemical–spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of several aromatic insecticides. The Analyst, 119(6), 1205-1209. doi:10.1039/an9941901205ALBERTGARCIA, J., ICARDO, M., & CALATAYUD, J. (2006). Analytical strategy photodegradation/chemiluminescence/continuous-flow multicommutation methodology for the determination of the herbicide Propanil. Talanta, 69(3), 608-614. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2005.10.044Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1998). Cyclodextrin-enhanced fluorescence and photochemically-induced fluorescence determination of five aromatic pesticides in water. Analytica Chimica Acta, 360(1-3), 129-141. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00721-6Poulsen, J. B., Birks, K. S., Gandelman, M. S., & Birks, J. W. (1986). Crocheted PTFE reactors for post-column photochemistry in HPLC. Chromatographia, 22(7-12), 231-234. doi:10.1007/bf02268764Martínez Calatayud, J. 1988.Flow Injection Analysis of Pharmaceuticals. Automation in the Laboratory, 458London, UK: Taylor and Francis Ltd.Palomeque, M., Garcı́a Bautista, J. ., Catalá Icardo, M., Garcı́a Mateo, J. ., & Martı́nez Calatayud, J. (2004). Photochemical-chemiluminometric determination of aldicarb in a fully automated multicommutation based flow-assembly. Analytica Chimica Acta, 512(1), 149-156. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.02.031Chivulescu, A., Catalá-Icardo, M., Garcı́a Mateo, J. ., & Martı́nez Calatayud, J. (2004). New flow-multicommutation method for the photo-chemiluminometric determination of the carbamate pesticide asulam. Analytica Chimica Acta, 519(1), 113-120. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.046PAWLICOVÁ, Z., ALBERT-GARCÍA, J. R., SAHUQUILLO, I., GARCÍA MATEO, J. V., CATALÁ ICARDO, M., & MARTÍNEZ CALATAYUD, J. (2006). Chemiluminescent Determination of the Pesticide Bromoxynil by On-line Photodegradation in a Flow-Injection System. Analytical Sciences, 22(1), 29-34. doi:10.2116/analsci.22.29Mervartová, K., Calatayud, J. M., & Icardo, M. C. (2005). A Fully Automated Assembly Using Solenoid Valves for the Photodegradation and Chemiluminometric Determination of the Herbicide Chlorsulfuron. Analytical Letters, 38(1), 179-194. doi:10.1081/al-200043477Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1999). Sensitive and rapid flow injection analysis of sulfonylurea herbicides in water with micellar-enhanced photochemically induced fluorescence detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 392(2-3), 255-264. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00229-9Garcı́a-Campaña, A. M., Aaron, J.-J., & Bosque-Sendra, J. M. (2001). Micellar-enhanced photochemically induced fluorescence detection of chlorophenoxyacid herbicides. Flow injection analysis of mecoprop and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Talanta, 55(3), 531-539. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(01)00470-2Parrilla�V�zquez, P., Gil�Garc�a, M. D., Barranco�Mart�nez, D., & Mart�nez�Galera, M. (2005). Application of coupled-column liquid chromatography combined with post-column photochemically induced fluorimetry derivatization and fluorescence detection to the determination of pyrethroid insecticides in vegetable samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 381(6), 1217-1225. doi:10.1007/s00216-004-3043-xIrace-Guigand, S., Leverend, E., Seye, M. D. G., & Aaron, J. J. (2005). A new on-line micellar-enhanced photochemically-induced fluorescence method for determination of phenylurea herbicide residues in water. Luminescence, 20(3), 138-142. doi:10.1002/bio.817Liu, L., & Guo, Q.-X. (2002). Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 42(1/2), 1-14. doi:10.1023/a:1014520830813Frankewich, R. P., Thimmaiah, K. N., & Hinze, W. L. (1991). Evaluation of the relative effectiveness of different water-soluble .beta.-cyclodextrin media to function as fluorescence enhancement agents. Analytical Chemistry, 63(24), 2924-2933. doi:10.1021/ac00024a023Patel, B. M., Moye, H. A., & Weinberger, R. (1991). Postcolumn formation of fluorophores from nitrogenous pesticides by UV photolysis. Talanta, 38(8), 913-922. doi:10.1016/0039-9140(91)80272-2Torrents, A., Anderson, B. G., Bilboulian, S., Johnson, W. E., & Hapeman, C. J. (1997). Atrazine Photolysis:  Mechanistic Investigations of Direct and Nitrate-Mediated Hydroxy Radical Processes and the Influence of Dissolved Organic Carbon from the Chesapeake Bay. Environmental Science & Technology, 31(5), 1476-1482. doi:10.1021/es9607289Dogliotti, L., & Hayon, E. (1967). Flash photolysis of per[oxydi]sulfate ions in aqueous solutions. The sulfate and ozonide radical anions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 71(8), 2511-2516. doi:10.1021/j100867a019Pérez-Ruiz, T. (2001). Flow injection determination of methamidophos using online photo-oxidation and fluorimetric detection. Talanta, 54(5), 989-995. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(01)00369-1Pérez-Ruiz, T., Martínez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martín, J. (2002). FLOW INJECTION SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MALATHION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES USING ON-LINE PHOTOOXIDATION. Analytical Letters, 35(7), 1239-1250. doi:10.1081/al-120005976Pérez-Ruiz, T., Martínez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martín, J. (2002). Fluorimetric determination of arsanilic acid by flow-injection analysis using on-line photo-oxidation. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 372(2), 387-390. doi:10.1007/s00216-001-1173-yPérez-Ruiz, T., Martı́nez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martı́n, J. (2001). Flow-injection fluorimetric method for the determination of dimethylarsinic acid using on-line photo-oxidation. Analytica Chimica Acta, 447(1-2), 229-235. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01299-5Baird, C. 1995.Environmental Chemistry, 509–510. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.Bauer, R., & Fallmann, H. (1997). The Photo-Fenton Oxidation — A cheap and efficient wastewater treatment method. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 23(4), 341-354. doi:10.1163/156856797x00565Huston, P. L., & Pignatello, J. J. (1999). Degradation of selected pesticide active ingredients and commercial formulations in water by the photo-assisted Fenton reaction. Water Research, 33(5), 1238-1246. doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(98)00330-3CATASTINI, C., SARAKHA, M., MAILHOT, G., & BOLTE, M. (2002). Iron (III) aquacomplexes as effective photocatalysts for the degradation of pesticides in homogeneous aqueous solutions. The Science of The Total Environment, 298(1-3), 219-228. doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00219-xZepp, R. G., Schlotzhauer, P. F., & Sink, R. M. (1985). Photosensitized transformations involving electronic energy transfer in natural waters: role of humic substances. Environmental Science & Technology, 19(1), 74-81. doi:10.1021/es00131a008Pérez-Ruiz, T., Lozano, C. M., Tomás, V., & Martı́n, J. (2003). Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of carbaryl using photolytic decomposition and photogenerated tris (2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III). Analytica Chimica Acta, 476(1), 141-148. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01355-7Pérez-Ruiz, T., Martínez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martín, J. (2002). Chemiluminescence determination of carbofuran and promecarb by flow injection analysis using two photochemical reactions. The Analyst, 127(11), 1526-1530. doi:10.1039/b207460pMiles, C. J., & Moye, H. A. (1988). Postcolumn photolysis of pesticides for fluorometric determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analytical Chemistry, 60(3), 220-226. doi:10.1021/ac00154a007Soto-Chinchilla, J. J., Garcı́a-Campaña, A. M., Gámiz-Gracia, L., Cuadros-Rodrı́guez, L., & Vidal, J. L. M. (2004). Determination of a N-methylcarbamate pesticide in environmental samples based on the application of photodecomposition and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescent detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 524(1-2), 235-240. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.084And, S. T., & Aaron, J. J. (1987). Fluorimetric Determination of Non-Fluorescent Dinitroaniline Derivative Herbicides, Using the Photoreduction of Anthraquinone - 2, 6-Disulfonate. Analytical Letters, 20(12), 1995-2009. doi:10.1080/00032718708078040Miles, C. J., & Anson Moye, H. (1987). High performance liquid chromatography with post-column photolysis of pesticides for generation of fluorophores. Chromatographia, 24(1), 628-632. doi:10.1007/bf02688556Patel, B. M., Moye, H. A., & Weinberger, R. (1990). Formation of fluorophores from nitrogenous pesticides by photolysis and reaction with OPA-2-mercaptoethanol for fluorescence detection in liquid chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38(1), 126-134. doi:10.1021/jf00091a027Durand, G., Barceló, D., Albaigés, J., & Mansour, M. (1990). Utilisation of liquid chromatography in aquatic photodegradation studies of pesticides: A comparison between distilled water and seawater. Chromatographia, 29(3-4), 120-124. doi:10.1007/bf02268696Rosen, J. D., Strusz, R. F., & Still, C. C. (1969). Photolysis of phenylurea herbicides. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 17(2), 206-207. doi:10.1021/jf60162a046Lay, J. P., Klein, W., & Korte, F. (1975). Beiträge zur ökologischen Chemie C. Chemosphere, 4(3), 161-168. doi:10.1016/0045-6535(75)90094-6Tanaka, F. S., Hoffer, B. L., & Wien, R. G. (1985). Detection of halogenated biphenyls from sunlight photolysis of chlorinated herbicides in aqueous solution. Pesticide Science, 16(3), 265-270. doi:10.1002/ps.2780160309Pelizzetti, E., Maurino, V., Minero, C., Carlin, V., Tosato, M. L., Pramauro, E., & Zerbinati, O. (1990). Photocatalytic degradation of atrazine and other s-triazine herbicides. Environmental Science & Technology, 24(10), 1559-1565. doi:10.1021/es00080a016Chukwudebe, A., March, R. B., Othman, M., & Fukuto, T. R. (1989). Formation of trialkyl phosphorothioate esters from organophosphorus insecticides after exposure to either ultraviolet light or sunlight. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 37(2), 539-545. doi:10.1021/jf00086a058Durand, G., De Bertrand, N., & Barceló, D. (1991). Applications of thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in photochemical studies of pesticides in water. Journal of Chromatography A, 554(1-2), 233-250. doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88453-3WOLFE, N., ZEPP, R., & PARIS, D. (1978). Carbaryl, propham and chlorpropham: A comparison of the rates of hydrolysis and photolysis with the rate of biolysis. Water Research, 12(8), 565-571. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(78)90134-3Samanidou, V., Fytianos, K., Pfister, G., & Bahadir, M. (1988). Photochemical decomposition of carbamate pesticides in natural waters of northern Greece. Science of The Total Environment, 76(1), 85-92. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(88)90287-2Konstantinou, I. K., Sakkas, V. A., & Albanis, T. A. (2001). Photocatalytic degradation of the herbicides propanil and molinate over aqueous TiO2 suspensions: identification of intermediates and the reaction pathway. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 34(3), 227-239. doi:10.1016/s0926-3373(01)00218-1Machado, F., Collin, L., & Boule, P. (1995). Photolysis of bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) in aqueous solution. Pesticide Science, 45(2), 107-110. doi:10.1002/ps.2780450203Boule, P., Guyon, C., & Lemaire, J. (1982). Photochemistry and environment IV- Photochemical behaviour of monochlorophenols in dilute aqueous solution. Chemosphere, 11(12), 1179-1188. doi:10.1016/0045-6535(82)90031-5Almansa Lopez, E. (2003). Simultaneous quantification of chlorophenoxyacid herbicides based on time-resolved photochemical derivatization to induce fluorescence in micellar medium. Talanta, 60(2-3), 355-367. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(03)00109-7Garcia, L. F., Eremin, S., & Aaron, J.-J. (1996). Flow-Injection Analysis of Chlorophenoxyacid Herbicides using Photochemically Induced Fluorescence Detectiona. Analytical Letters, 29(8), 1447-1461. doi:10.1080/00032719608001493Lahuerta Zamora, L., Fuster Mestre, Y., Duart, M. J., Antón Fos, G. M., García Doménech, R., Gálvez Álvarez, J., & Martínez Calatayud, J. (2001). Prediction of the Chemiluminescent Behavior of Pharmaceuticals and Pesticides. Analytical Chemistry, 73(17), 4301-4306. doi:10.1021/ac010133iGómez-Taylor Corominas, B. (2003). Prediction of the chemiluminescent behaviour of phenols and polyphenols. Talanta, 60(2-3), 623-628. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(03)00105-xPolo Martí, E., Catalá Icardo, M., Lahuerta Zamora, L., Antón Fos, G. M., & Martínez Calatayud, J. (2004). Theoretical prediction of the chemiluminescence behaviour of the ergot alkaloids. Analytica Chimica Acta, 527(2), 177-186. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.07.026P�rez-Ruiz, T., Mart�nez-Lozano, C., Tom�s, V., Sanz, A., & Garre, R. (2003). Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferbam Based on a Photochemical Reaction. Microchimica Acta, 142(4), 231-235. doi:10.1007/s00604-003-0027-zRoda, A., Rauch, P., Ferri, E., Girotti, S., Ghini, S., Carrea, G., & Bovara, R. (1994). Chemiluminescent flow sensor for the determination of Paraoxon and Aldicarb pesticides. Analytica Chimica Acta, 294(1), 35-42. doi:10.1016/0003-2670(94)85043-7Maniasso, N., Zagatto, E. A. G., Reis, S., Santos, J. L. M., & Lima, J. L. F. C. (1999). Exploitation of micellar medium for photochemical-spectrofluorimetric flow-injection determination of fenvalerate. Laboratory Automation & Information Management, 34(2), 143-148. doi:10.1016/s1381-141x(99)00016-7Vı́lchez, J. ., Valencia, M. ., Navalón, A., Molinero-Morales, B., & Capitán-Vallvey, L. . (2001). Flow injection analysis of the insecticide imidacloprid in water samples with photochemically induced fluorescence detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 439(2), 299-305. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01039-

Nous abrics d’art rupestre a la vall de Montesa

Es donen a conèixer un total de 10 noves estacions d’art rupestre que han aparegut com a resultat de les prospeccions sistemàtiques coordinades des de l’IVCR. Aquesta tasca s’ha dut a terme en la serra del Capurutxo de la Font de la Figuera i al terme municipal de Vallada, entre els anys 2008 a 2010. Les troballes responen a l’aplicació d’un marc teòric que s’ha desenvolupat en allò que coneixem com Arqueologia del Paisatge

Las cooperativas hortofrutícolas frente a la crisis. La necesaria apuesta por la competitividad. Aspectos económico-financieros

[ES] Las cooperativas han acometido fuertes procesos de inversión tecnológica en los últimos años. Sin embargo, ello no ha permitido al cooperativismo agroalimentario apropiarse de mayor valor añadido debido al poder de las empresas distribuidoras y los escasos resultados obtenidos en la fase de comercialización. Por estos motivos, el objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar si la innovación tecnológica ha sido un factor estratégico para la competitividad empresarial en el sector. Para ello se analiza cuál es la relación entre el grado de innovación y el resultado empresarial teniendo en cuenta las características individuales de cada cooperativa (el tamaño, la edad, la vocación exportadora, la rentabilidad,¿), la estructura de mercado y las condiciones de demanda de cada subsector. La información utilizada en este trabajo se refiere a 223 cooperativas de la industria agroalimentaria ubicadas en la región de Castilla-La Mancha y ha sido obtenida de la base de datos SABI.Encinas Duval, B.; Calatayud Piñero, E.; García Martínez, G. (2011). Las cooperativas hortofrutícolas frente a la crisis. La necesaria apuesta por la competitividad. Aspectos económico-financieros. CIRIEC-España. Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa. (72):125-156. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/30879S1251567

Genets en l'art rupestre de les terres valencianes

En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de las figuras de jinetes documentadas en conjuntos de arte rupestre del territorio valenciano y se hace una valoración de su cronología y de su significado. Por sus caracteristicas técnicas y formales no pueden adscribirse a los artes rupestres Levantino y Esquematico, sino que se enmarcan en un horizonte gráfico de la Edad del Hiero y de época histórica.This paper present the painted and engraved riders located in the Valencian region. Technically and formally they are different from the human and animal figures dated to the Levantine and Schematic Art. This article describes the motifs and ascribes them a chronology of the Iron Age and historical times

Speed and road accidents: behaviors, motives, and assessment of the effectiveness of penalties for speeding

When dealing with the duality of mobility and safety, speed is one of the main factors causing deaths, so this is the reason why speed is one of the most studied topics related to road safety. The main objective of this research was to identify the aspects that modulate the speed-accidents relation. Specifically, the frequency and reasons why drivers speed. On the other hand, it was also considered the perception of drivers regarding the probability of penalty, the penalties imposed, and their severity. Finally, drivers¿ opinion on the effectiveness of such penalty in order to change speeding behavior was also studied. A sample of 1,100 Spanish drivers over 14 years old and having any kind of driving license was used. The results showed that approximately the third part of drivers always or sometimes sped. Among the specific reasons, the hurry, not having noticed, that the limits are too low or that the conditions allow doing so were the most frequent. Likewise, drivers considered as limited the probability of being caught. Finally, more than half of the drivers considered that the penalty they received was appropriate. Moreover, half of the drivers that received a penalty claimed that they changed their speeding habits as a result of such penalty. Drivers who speed are completely aware of the fact that they are breaking the traffic rules. Their speeding behavior is intentional in 80% of the cases. They are not aware of the risks of speeding since they justified their behavior by saying the speed limits are too low, the conditions on the roads allow doing so, or that it was a habit

Los grabados de la sierra de Felipa (La Font de la Figuera, València)

En el municipio de la Font de la Figuera existe un pequeño conjunto de grabados localizados sobre una era junto a la casa de la Felipa. Aunque algunos vecinos de la población los conocen, no han sido objeto de ninguna publicación detallada. Por ello se presenta el estudio realizado sobre estos grabados, valorando las diferentes posibilidades interpretativas a la hora de aproximarnos a su función y cronología.In la Font de la Figuera there is a small set of prints located in a house next to the Felipa. Although some residents of the town know them, these prints have not been subjected to any detailed publication. Considering that, the study of these prints is presented, evaluating the different interpretative chances regarding its function and chronology