H2 production by cellulose photoreforming with TiO2-Cu photocatalysts bearing different Cu species

TiO2-Cu photocatalysts (1 wt.% Cu) containing different copper species have been prepared and used for the generation of hydrogen by photoreforming of cellulose (the major component of biomass) in water at room temperature, using UV light. A positive effect of copper has been clearly observed, and the analysis of the role of the Cu species present shows that a mixture of Cu(I) and Cu(II) favours the process. Among the TiO2-Cu photocatalysts, the one prepared by a simple impregnation method and not heat-treated, which shows small and well dispersed copper species particles, gives the highest hydrogen production.This work was supported by the national and regional Spanish governments (RTI2018-095291-B-100, PID2021-123079OB-I00 and CIPROM/2021/070) and the University of Alicante (VIGROB-136)

Impacto de la inclusión de información extranjera sobre la evaluación genética mexicana de sementales Holstein

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of including foreign information of Holstein sires on their genetic evaluation for the following traits: milk, fat, and protein production in kilograms. This was achieved by comparing breeding values (BV) and reliabilities (R), grouping of sires by number of daughters, ordering of sires, and the genetic superiority expected per year ( ), with different scenarios determined by the selection intensity ( ) of sires used in the national genetic evaluation (MEX-GE), those incorporated into the international genetic evaluation with daughters in Mexico (I-GE), and the international genetic evaluation with or without daughters in Mexico (MACE-GE). In total, was analyzed the information of 5,825 sires for MP and 3,914 for FP and PP. The foreign information has a positive impact in the MEX-GE as it improves R and the BV of the sires used in Mexico. It also allowed to observe important differences in the BV and R between evaluations, generating an opportunity to improve the Mexican Holstein population. Therefore, it is recommended continuing participating in the Interbull program and consider using the internationally validated information in the selection process of dairy cattle and their components. These actions can significantly contribute to the increase of the productive genetic progress in Mexico.El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la inclusión de información extranjera de sementales de la raza Holstein, sobre su evaluación genética para las características de producción de leche (PL), grasa (PG) y proteína (PP) en kilogramos. Lo anterior, se logró mediante la comparación de valores genéticos (VG) y confiabilidades (CF), agrupación de sementales por número de hijas, ordenamiento de los sementales y la superioridad genética esperada por año ((∆I_s)⁄ys), con diferentes escenarios determinados por la intensidad de selección (〖ip〗_s) de sementales usados en la evaluación genética nacional (EG-MEX), los incorporados a la evaluación genética internacional con hijas en México (EG-I) y la evaluación genética internacional con o sin hijas en México (EG-MACE). En total, se analizó la información de 5,825 sementales en la para PL y 3,914 para PG y PP. El impacto de la información extranjera en la EG-MEX es positivo, debido a que mejora la CF de los VG de los sementales usados en México. También, permitió observar diferencias importantes de los VG y CF entre las evaluaciones, generando una oportunidad de mejoramiento en la población Holstein mexicana; por lo que, es recomendable continuar con la participación en el programa de Interbull, y considerar el uso de la información validada de manera internacional en los procesos de selección de animales productores de leche y sus componentes. Estas acciones pueden contribuir de manera importante en el incremento del progreso genético productivo a nivel nacional

Las variaciones de superficie cortical en la corteza dorsolateral prefrontal predicen mejor el futuro desempeño cognitivo que la inteligencia fluida y la memoria operativa

Are cognitive and biological variables useful for predicting future behavioral outcomes? Method: In two independent groups, we measured a set of cognitive (fluid and crystallized intelligence, working memory, and attention control) and biological (cortical thickness and cortical surface area) variables on two occasions separated by six months, to predict behavioral outcomes of interest (performance on an adaptive version of the n-back task) measured twelve and eighteen months later. We followed three stages: discovery, validation, and generalization. In the discovery stage, cognitive/biological variables and the behavioral outcome of interest were assessed in a group of individuals (in-sample). In the validation stage, the cognitive and biological variables were related with a parallel version of the behavioral outcome assessed several months later. In the generalization stage, the validation findings were tested in an independent group of individuals (out-of-sample). Results: The key fi nding revealed that cortical surface area variations within the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex predict the behavioral outcome of interest in both groups, whereas the cognitive variables failed to show reliable predictive validity. Conclusions: Individual differences in biological variables might predict future behavioral outcomes better than cognitive variables concurrently correlated with these behavioral outcomesAntecedentes: ¿Predicen las variables cognitivas y biológicas el futuro desempeño cognitivo? Método: en dos grupos independientes de participantes se miden variables cognitivas (inteligencia fluida y cristalizada, memoria operativa y control atencional) y biológicas (grosor y superficie cortical) en dos ocasiones separadas por seis meses, para predecir el desempeño en la tarea n-back valorado doce y dieciocho meses después. Se completan tres etapas: descubrimiento, validación y generalización. En la de descubrimiento se valoran en un grupo de individuos las variables cognitivas/biológicas y el desempeño a predecir. En la de validación, se relacionan las mismas variables con una versión paralela de la n-back completada meses después. En la de generalización, los resultados de la validación se replican en un grupo independiente de individuos. Resultados: las variaciones de superficie cortical en la corteza dorsolateral prefrontal derecha predicen el desempeño cognitivo en los dos grupos independientes de individuos, mientras que las variables cognitivas no contribuyen a la predicción del desempeño futuro. Conclusiones: las diferencias individuales en determinadas variables biológicas predicen el desempeño cognitivo mejor que las variables cognitivas que correlacionan concurrentemente con ese desempeñoThis project was supported by PSI2017-82218-P (Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain

Brain resilience across the general cognitive ability distribution: Evidence from structural connectivity

Resting state functional connectivity research has shown that general cognitive ability (GCA) is associated with brain resilience to targeted and random attacks (TAs and RAs). However, it remains to be seen if the finding generalizes to structural connectivity. Furthermore, individuals showing performance levels at the very high area of the GCA distribution have not yet been analyzed in this regard. Here we study the relation between TAs and RAs to structural brain networks and GCA. Structural and diffusion-weighted MRI brain images were collected from 189 participants: 60 high cognitive ability (HCA) and 129 average cognitive ability (ACA) individuals. All participants completed a standardized fluid reasoning ability test and the results revealed an average HCA-ACA difference equivalent to 33 IQ points. Automated parcellation of cortical and subcortical nodes was combined with tractography to achieve an 82x82 connectivity matrix for each subject. Graph metrics were derived from the structural connectivity matrices. A simulation approach was used to evaluate the effects of recursively removing nodes according to their network centrality (TAs) versus eliminating nodes at random (RAs). HCA individuals showed greater network integrity at baseline and prior to network collapse than ACA individuals. These effects were more evident for TAs than RAs. The networks of HCA individuals were less degraded by the removal of nodes corresponding to more complex information processing stages of the PFIT network, and from removing nodes with larger empirically observed centrality values. Analyzed network features suggest quantitative instead of qualitative differences at different levels of the cognitive ability distributionThe study reported here was supported by research project ‘PSI2017-82218-P’ funded by ‘Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad’ (Spain

Neocortical age and fluid ability: greater accelerated brain aging for thickness, but smaller for surface area, in high cognitive ability individuals

Resting state functional connectivity research has shown that general cognitive ability (GCA) is associated with brain resilience to targeted and random attacks (TAs and RAs). However, it remains to be seen if the finding generalizes to structural connectivity. Furthermore, individuals showing performance levels at the very high area of the GCA distribution have not yet been analyzed in this regard. Here we study the relation between TAs and RAs to structural brain networks and GCA. Structural and diffusion-weighted MRI brain images were collected from 189 participants: 60 high cognitive ability (HCA) and 129 average cognitive ability (ACA) individuals. All participants completed a standardized fluid reasoning ability test and the results revealed an average HCA-ACA difference equivalent to 33 IQ points. Automated parcellation of cortical and subcortical nodes was combined with tractography to achieve an 82x82 connectivity matrix for each subject. Graph metrics were derived from the structural connectivity matrices. A simulation approach was used to evaluate the effects of recursively removing nodes according to their network centrality (TAs) versus eliminating nodes at random (RAs). HCA individuals showed greater network integrity at baseline and prior to network collapse than ACA individuals. These effects were more evident for TAs than RAs. The networks of HCA individuals were less degraded by the removal of nodes corresponding to more complex information processing stages of the PFIT network, and from removing nodes with larger empirically observed centrality values. Analyzed network features suggest quantitative instead of qualitative differences at different levels of the cognitive ability distributionThe study reported here was supported by research project ‘PSI2017-82218-P’ funded by ‘Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad’ (Spain

Translational research opportunities regarding homologous recombination in ovarian cancer

Homologous recombination (HR) is a DNA repair pathway that is deficient in 50% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC). Deficient HR (DHR) constitutes a therapeutic opportunity for these patients, thanks to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi; olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib are already commercialized). Although initially, PARPi were developed for patients with BRCA1/2 mutations, robust clinical data have shown their benefit in a broader population without DHR. This breakthrough in daily practice has raised several questions that necessitate further research: How can populations that will most benefit from PARPi be selected? At which stage of Ovarian Cancer should PARPi be used? Which strategies are reasonable to overcome PARPi resistance? In this paper, we present a summary of the literature and discuss the present clinical research involving PARPi (after reviewing ClinicalTrials.gov) from a translational perspective. Research into the functional biomarkers of DHR and clinical trials testing PARPi benefits as first-line setting or rechallenge are currently ongoing. Additionally, in the clinical setting, only secondary restoring mutations of BRCA1/2 have been identified as events inducing resistance to PARPi. The clinical frequency of this and other mechanisms that have been described in preclinics is unknown. It is of great importance to study mechanisms of resistance to PARPi to guide the clinical development of drug combinations

La Imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Manizales, Pereira, Villa Garzón, Tumaco y Necoclí

Tomando como base las lecturas de la unidad 8,9 y 10 y las posturas de algunos autores, del diplomado de profundización acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia, abordaje de contextos desde los enfoques narrativos, el cual se trabaja desde diferentes escenarios, donde tomamos como tema central un relato de vida y esperanza, (Camilo), y el caso de “Peñas Coloradas” una comunidad que fue víctima de violencia y estigmatizada por ser cómplice de actores armados. En el caso se representan imágenes intimidantes que llevan consigo al desplazamiento forzoso y que provocan al individuo una serie de alteraciones en sus metas, daños morales y psicológicos. Cabe resaltar que la violencia en Colombia ha causado daños irreparables en las vidas de muchas personas, provocando rupturas a nivel cultural y familiar. Aunque el proceso de paz abrió una luz de esperanza intentado reparar el tejido social y emocional, por la lucha de la inclusión y reparación integral. El objetivo de este trabajo es adentrarnos desde una perspectiva psicosocial en la búsqueda de soluciones que conlleven al bienestar psicosocial, a través de un enfoque narrativo y resiliente que permita a las victimas superarse y construir su propio futuro.Taking as a basis the readings of unit 8, 9 and 10 and the positions of some authors, of the diploma of in-depth psychosocial accompaniment in violence scenarios, approach to contexts from narrative approaches, which is worked from different scenarios, where we take as central theme a story of life and hope, (Camilo), and the case of "Peñas Coloradas" a community that was a victim of violence and stigmatized for being an accomplice of armed actors. In the case, intimidating images are represented that lead to forced displacement and that cause the individual a series of alterations in their goals, moral and psychological damage. It should be noted that violence in Colombia has caused irreparable damage to the lives of many people, causing cultural and family ruptures. Although the peace process opened a light of hope, trying to repair the social and emotional fabric, through the fight for inclusion and comprehensive reparation. The objective of this work is to enter from a psychosocial perspective in the search for solutions that lead to psychosocial well-being, through a narrative and resilient approach that allows victims to overcome themselves and build their own future

Changes in resting-state functionally connected parieto-frontal networks after videogame practice

Neuroimaging studies provide evidence for organized intrinsic activity under task-free conditions. This activity serves functionally relevant brain systems supporting cognition. Here, we analyze changes in resting-state functional connectivity after videogame practice applying a test–retest design. Twenty young females were selected from a group of 100 participants tested on four standardized cognitive ability tests. The practice and control groups were carefully matched on their ability scores. The practice group played during two sessions per week across 4 weeks (16 h total) under strict supervision in the laboratory, showing systematic performance improvements in the game. A group independent component analysis (GICA) applying multisession temporal concatenation on test–retest resting-state fMRI, jointly with a dual-regression approach, was computed. Supporting the main hypothesis, the key finding reveals an increased correlated activity during rest in certain predefined resting state networks (albeit using uncorrected statistics) attributable to practice with the cognitively demanding tasks of the videogame. Observed changes were mainly concentrated on parietofrontal networks involved in heterogeneous cognitive functions

Structural changes after videogame practice related to a brain network associated with intelligence

Here gray and white matter changes after four weeks of videogame practice were analyzed using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM), cortical surface and cortical thickness indices, and white matter integrity computed from several projection, commissural, and association tracts relevant to cognition. Beginning with a sample of one hundred young females, twenty right handed participants were recruited for the study and assigned to a practice or a control group carefully matched by their general cognitive ability scores. After the first scan, the practice group played ‘Professor Layton and The Pandora's Box’ 4 h per week during four weeks. A second scan was obtained at the end of practice and intelligence was measured again. Image analyses revealed gray and white matter changes in the practice group. Gray matter changes theoretically relevant for intelligence were observed for the practice group mainly in frontal clusters (Brodmann areas 9 and 10) and also in smaller parietal and temporal regions. White matter findings were focused in the hippocampal cingulum and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. These gray and white matter changes presumably induced by practice did not interact with intelligence tests' scores

Proyecto de reordenación paisajística de la Plaza de las Jacarandas en La Unidad Azcapotzalco

137 páginas. Especialización en Diseño.El documento se compone de tres partes principales. La primera corresponde a la detección de las necesidades de la Plaza y a la aproximación a las primeras hipótesis teóricas sobre lo que genera su problemática. En la segunda sección se detalla el estudio detallado del caso y los fenómenos que ocurren dentro de nuestro espacio de estudio, la Plaza de las Jacarandas. Esta segunda sección se divide a su vez en dos capítulos: El primero donde se analiza la imagen del paisaje, dividido a su vez en tres subcapítulos. En el primero se analiza el espacio ecológico de la plaza, en el segundo el espacio sociocultural y en el tercero el espacio polisensorial. Estos tres subcapítulos juntos nos darán una idea bastante detallada de las características que definen a la Plaza como espacio. En el segundo capítulo se comenta la selección de los materiales y acabados que fueron seleccionados para la propuesta de intervención en la Plaza, con las razones que justifican estas decisiones. En el tercer capítulo se aborda de lleno el proceso de diseño y se explica ordenadamente cómo se llegó a una propuesta final de solución al programa de necesidades obtenido de la apreciación resultante del capítulo primero y más adelante cómo se fue aterrizando esta imagen en combinación con los materiales y acabados seleccionados. En el capítulo cuarto se describe la etapa de detalles constructivos y técnicos que harán posible la ejecución del Proyecto, incluye información clara sobre los acabados y procedimientos constructivos a realizarse, así como una idea general de costos para la obra