Calificación del Sensor de Irradiancia Solar Espacial SIS

El presente trabajo contempla la definición y ejecución de la calificación del instrumento inalámbrico SIS, desarrollado para sensar el espectro solar sobre la superficie de Marte. Con el fin de demostrar el cumplimiento de los requisitos impuestos por la misión, dicha calificación contempla los test eléctricos y funcionales, test de vibración, test de ciclado térmico, test de vacío térmico, test de choque y test de DHMR, siendo estos necesarios para calificar un instrumento enfocado para un entorno tan agresivo como es el Espacial y más concretamente para una misión a Marte, a cuyo principal problema de radiación se une otros requisitos ambientales como puede ser las bajas temperaturas a las cuales se verá expuesto el instrumento (de hasta -120 ºC), el impacto sufrido en el aterrizaje y la presencia de polvo en la atmósfera. Para comandar el instrumento se ha implementado una aplicación bajo Labwindows que determina el correcto funcionamiento del mismo. El desarrollo de dicha aplicación junto con su manual de usuario será el segundo hito del presente trabajo.This work deals with the definition and execution of the qualification of the wireless SIS instrument, developed to sense the solar spectrum on the surface of Mars. In order to demonstrate that the instrument withstands the requirements of the mission, qualification includes electrical and functional, vibration, thermal cycling, thermal vacuum, shock and DHMR tests. All of them are necessary to qualify an instrument for the aggressive space environment, and more concretely for the Martian conditions, whose main problems regarding radiations are joined by extreme environmental conditions to which instrument is exposed, as the low temperatures (down to -120 ºC), the shock suffered at landing and the presence of dust in the atmosphere. To command the instrument, a Labwindows application that determines its correct operation has been implemented. The development of that application along with its user manual will be the second milestone of this current work.Máster Universitario en Sistemas Electrónicos Avanzados. Sistemas Inteligentes (M128

OWLs: A mixed-signal ASIC for optical wire-less links in space instruments

This paper describes the design of a mixed-signal ASIC for space application and the techniques employed for radiation hardening and temperature effects compensation. The work is part of a planned long-term effort and collaboration between "Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE)", "Universidad de Sevilla (US)", and "Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)" aimed to consolidate a group of experienced mixed-signal space-ASIC designers. The initiative is partially funded by the Spanish National Research Program. The ASIC performs the function of an optical digital transceiver for diffuse-light intra-satellite optical communications. It has been designed in a 0.35μm CMOS technology from austriamicrosystems (ams). The chip has been manufactured and verified from a functional perspective. Radiation characterization is planned for the third quarter of 2012. Power- and temperature-stress tests, as well as life-tests are also planned for this next quarter, and will be carried out by Alter Technology TÜV Nord S.A.U. Given the previous characterization of the technology [1] and the hardening techniques employed in the design and layout, radiation is not expected to be a problem. The specified environmental limits are a pedestal hard limit of 50KRads with the goal of maximizing TID tolerance, SEU and SET LET-thresholds above 70MeV/(mg/cm2), and latchup free behavior up to the same LET limit. Concerning temperature, the specified operation range is from -90 to +125ºC, while the non-operating temperature range is from -135 to +150ºC.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) MEIGA AYA2009-14212-C05-04, AYA2008-06420-C04-0

Radiation and Dust Sensor for Mars Environmental Dynamic Analyzer Onboard M2020 Rover

32 pags., 26 figs., 3 tabs. -- This article belongs to the Section Remote SensorsThe Radiation and Dust Sensor is one of six sensors of the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer onboard the Perseverance rover from the Mars 2020 NASA mission. Its primary goal is to characterize the airbone dust in the Mars atmosphere, inferring its concentration, shape and optical properties. Thanks to its geometry, the sensor will be capable of studying dust-lifting processes with a high temporal resolution and high spatial coverage. Thanks to its multiwavelength design, it will characterize the solar spectrum from Mars' surface. The present work describes the sensor design from the scientific and technical requirements, the qualification processes to demonstrate its endurance on Mars' surface, the calibration activities to demonstrate its performance, and its validation campaign in a representative Mars analog. As a result of this process, we obtained a very compact sensor, fully digital, with a mass below 1 kg and exceptional power consumption and data budget features.This work has been funded with the help of the Spanish National Research, Development and Innovation Program, through the grants RTI2018-099825-B-C31, ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R and ESP2014-54256-C4-3-R. DT acknowledges the financial support from the Comunidad de Madrid for an “Atracción de Talento Investigador” grant (2018-T2/TIC10500). ASL is supported by Grant PID2019-109467GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19. The US co-authors performed their work under sponsorship from NASA’s Mars 2020 project, from the Game Changing Development program within the Space Technology Mission Directorate, and from the Human Exploration and Operations Directorate.Peer reviewe

Integración de los alumnos en la gestión y desarrollo de los laboratorios de ciencias

Depto. de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales , Sociales y MatemáticasFac. de EducaciónFALSEsubmitte

Student nurses at spanish universities and their attitude toward xenostransplantation

[eng] Introduction Recent immunological and transgenic advances are a promising alternative using limited materials of human origin for transplantation. However, it is essential to achieve social acceptance of this therapy. Objective To analyze the attitude of nursing students from Spanish universities toward organ xenotransplantation (XTx) and to determine the factors affecting their attitude. Materials and methods Type of study: A sociological, multicentre, and observational study. Study population: Nursing students enrolled in Spain (n = 28,000). Sample size: A sample of 10 566 students estimating a proportion of 76% (99% confidence and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographical area and year of study. Instrument of measurement: A validated questionnaire (PCID‐XenoTx‐RIOS) was handed out to every student in a compulsory session. This survey was self‐administered and self‐completed voluntarily and anonymously by each student in a period of 5‐10 min. Statistical analysis: descriptive analysis, Student's t test, the chi‐square test, and a logistic regression analysis. Results A completion rate: 84% (n = 8913) was obtained. If the results of XTx were as good as in human donation, 74% (n = 6564) would be in favor and 22% (n = 1946) would have doubts. The following variables affected this attitude: age (P < 0.001); sex (P < 0.001); geographical location (P < 0.001); academic year of study (P < 0.001); attitude toward organ donation (P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (P < 0.001); discussion of transplantation with one's family (P < 0.001) and friends (P < 0.001); and the opinion of one's partner (P < 0.001). The following variables persisted in the multivariate analysis: being a male (OR = 1.436; P < 0.001); geographical location (OR = 1.937; P < 0.001); an attitude in favor of donation (OR = 1.519; P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (OR = 1.497; P = 0.036); and having spoken about the issue with family (OR = 1.351; P < 0.001) or friends (OR = 1.240; P = 0.001). Conclusions The attitude of nursing students toward organ XTx is favorable and is associated with factors of general knowledge about organ donation and transplantation and social interaction

Student nurses at Spanish universities and their attitude toward xenotransplantation

Introduction: Recent immunological and transgenic advances are a promising alternative using limited materials of human origin for transplantation. However, it is essential to achieve social acceptance of this therapy. Objective: To analyze the attitude of nursing students from Spanish universities toward organ xenotransplantation (XTx) and to determine the factors affecting their attitude. Materials and methods: Type of study: A sociological, multicentre, and observational study. Study population: Nursing students enrolled in Spain (n = 28,000). Sample size: A sample of 10 566 students estimating a proportion of 76% (99% confidence and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographical area and year of study. Instrument of measurement: A validated questionnaire (PCID‐XenoTx‐RIOS) was handed out to every student in a compulsory session. This survey was self‐administered and self‐completed voluntarily and anonymously by each student in a period of 5‐10 min. Statistical analysis: descriptive analysis, Student's t test, the chi‐square test, and a logistic regression analysis. Results: A completion rate: 84% (n = 8913) was obtained. If the results of XTx were as good as in human donation, 74% (n = 6564) would be in favor and 22% (n = 1946) would have doubts. The following variables affected this attitude: age (P < 0.001); sex (P < 0.001); geographical location (P < 0.001); academic year of study (P < 0.001); attitude toward organ donation (P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (P < 0.001); discussion of transplantation with one's family (P < 0.001) and friends (P < 0.001); and the opinion of one's partner (P < 0.001). The following variables persisted in the multivariate analysis: being a male (OR = 1.436; P < 0.001); geographical location (OR = 1.937; P < 0.001); an attitude in favor of donation (OR = 1.519; P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (OR = 1.497; P = 0.036); and having spoken about the issue with family (OR = 1.351; P < 0.001) or friends (OR = 1.240; P = 0.001). Conclusions: The attitude of nursing students toward organ XTx is favorable and is associated with factors of general knowledge about organ donation and transplantation and social interaction