Uncontrolled donation programs after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. An estimation of potential donors.

Objective To determine the number of potential deceased organ donors from out-of- hospital cardiac arrest cases (OHCA) attended by public physician-led emergency medical services in Spain, based on data recorded in the nationwide Spanish OHCA Registry (OHSCAR). Material and methods We analysed OHSCAR data on deceased OHCA patients in Spain during 13 months (1/10/2013 to 31/10/ 2014). Variables included age, sex, estimated OHCA time, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) start time and outcome. Inclusion criteria were: age 16–60 years, witnessed OHCA, no return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and time interval <15 min between OHCA occurrence and CPR initiation. Results Of a total 8789 cases, 3290 met the age criteria; of these, CPR was not witnessed in 745 cases. Among the remaining 2545 patients, 141 were included in uncontrolled donation after cardiac death (uDCD) programs, 902 arrived at the hospital with ROSC, 64 arrived with ongoing CPR and 15 cases were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 1423 without ROSC, CPR initiation time was not recorded in 454 cases and 398 did not meet the time criteria <15 min between OHCA and CPR initiation. Finally, 571 met all the criteria and could have been potential donors. There were significant differences in the actual donors percentage from potential donors percentage between provinces with and without donor programs (141/322 = 43.8% versus 0/390 = 0%), but there were no differences in ROSC between the two types of provinces (418/1320 = 31.7% versus 652/1970 = 33.4%). Conclusions Many potential donors are missed in current clinical practice. uDCD programs are few and underused even in a country with high rates of organs transplantation.pre-print820 K

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Degasification possibilities evaluation in Socotá coal mines (Boyacá, Colombia)

In the Socotá area in Boyacá, Colombia, high contents of coalbed methane have been reported. In order to prove it, additional gas measurements were done and different possibilities of degassing were considered. To measure the gas content, the canisters desorption system were used, with control of pressure and temperature, according to the USBM and GRI methodology. Lost, desorbed and residual gases were determined separately, and proximate analyses were also carried out. In some samples the content of gas reached the 100-200 SCF/t. These gas contents have good possibilities for energy production (CBM) by drilling vertical wells to extract it.Those wells would not only produce gas, but would also degas the future underground mining areas. The combination of degasification and ventilation would considerably allow a decrease in the explosions risk. The high coalbed methane content in the area could produce energy for the mining company or commercial gas for the natural gas distribution network. The Socotá area has the ideal conditions for a pilot project, which could be a model for other degasification projects in Colombia

Degasification possibilities evaluation in Socotá coal mines (Boyacá, Colombia)

In the Socotá area in Boyacá, Colombia, high contents of coalbed methane have been reported. In order to prove it, additional gas measurements were done and different possibilities of degassing were considered. To measure the gas content, the canisters desorption system were used, with control of pressure and temperature, according to the USBM and GRI methodology. Lost, desorbed and residual gases were determined separately, and proximate analyses were also carried out. In some samples the content of gas reached the 100-200 SCF/t. These gas contents have good possibilities for energy production (CBM) by drilling vertical wells to extract it. Those wells would not only produce gas, but would also degas the future underground mining areas. The combination of degasification and ventilation would considerably allow a decrease in the explosions risk. The high coalbed methane content in the area could produce energy for the mining company or commercial gas for the natural gas distribution network. The Socotá area has the ideal conditions for a pilot project, which could be a model for other degasification projects in Colombia

Asiwit: las hojas que se hicieron medicina = Likuchun wá xtuwán asiwit. Un caso exitoso de vinculación entre la universidad pública y la empresa privada para beneficio de los sectores marginales del campo veracruzano.

Esta publicación es una coedición de Diversificadora Agroindustrial y Comercializadora del Trópico S.A. de C.V. [DYCTRO], Genomma Lab International, y el Programa de Diversificación Productiva de la Universidad Veracruzana [DIPRO-UV]

Clavigero. Comunidad de saberes, núm. 26: Turismo alternativo y sustentable

A través de la Organización Mundial de Turismo se ha logrado mapear un desarrollo de turismo sostenible que se apoya en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, por lo que el turismo se convierte en un motor económico, que, apoyándose en las tradiciones, la cultura, los festivales, la comida y la historia, genera una gran cantidad de empleos. En Clavigero 26, exponemos algunas ideas prácticas y reflexiones en torno a la sostenibilidad de la industria turística, pues como lo dice el secretario general de las Naciones Unidas, António Guterres, “El turismo tiene el poder de fomentar la inclusión, proteger la naturaleza y promover el entendimiento cultural. Debemos repensar y reinventar el sector para asegurar su sostenibilidad”

Latent Microsporidia Infection Prevalence as a Risk Factor in Colon Cancer Patients

Microsporidia are opportunistic intracellular parasites, generating serious pathology in individuals with a compromised immune system. Infection by microsporidia inhibits p53 and Caspase 3, proteins involved in apoptosis and the cell cycle, which are vital in the malignant process of epithelial cells. The presence of microsporidia in the intestinal tissues of 87 colon cancer (CC) patients and 25 healthy controls was analyzed by real-time PCR and an immunofluorescence antibody test. Anti-Encephalitozoon antibodies were analyzed in serum samples by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). In 36 (41.3%) CC cases, microsporidia infections were identified in their tissues vs. no cases among control subjects (p &lt; 0.0001). An increase in IgG and IgE anti-Encephalitozoon antibodies was found in patients with CC, which would demonstrate continuous and previous contact with the parasite. The high prevalence of microsporidia in tissues and the seroprevalence in patients with CC suggest a relationship between microsporidia and the etiopathogenesis of CC.Banco Santander Foundation-CEU FoundationDepto. de Microbiología y ParasitologíaFac. de FarmaciaTRUEpu

Addressing the Problem of Harmful Algal Blooms in Latin America and the Caribbean- A Regional Network for Early Warning and Response

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) constitute a worldwide problem, affecting aquatic ecosystems, public health and local economies. Supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency since 2009, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries, including Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Uruguay and Venezuela, have integrated a regional network for early warning of HABs and biotoxins in seafood. Technical capacities have been developed at regional level to identify toxic species, evaluate biota toxicity, and to perform retrospective analysis of HAB occurrence. This network involves 58% of the coastal LAC countries, two regional reference centers (in El Salvador and Cuba), 14 well equipped institutions, and 177 professionals trained to contribute to the operation of HAB and biotoxin monitoring programs. All countries from the network have reported planktonic and benthic toxic species, and in selected cases, associated with toxin in biota. Dinocyst abundance analysis in 210Pb-dated sediment cores have shown that some harmful species have been present in the region for at least 100 years ago, and that both coastal water pollution and climate change are important drivers for HAB occurrence. Efforts must be made to enrich the data base records on HAB events occurred in LAC, better understand key environmental variables that control HABs and expand coverage of HAB monitoring to all coastal countries in LAC to promote sustainable development of the region.Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica/[RLA/7/020]/IAEA/AustriaOrganismo Internacional de Energía Atómica/[RLA/7/022]/IAEA/AustriaOrganismo Internacional de Energía Atómica/[ELS/7/002]/IAEA/AustriaOrganismo Internacional de Energía Atómica/[ELS/7/003]/IAEA/AustriaOrganismo Internacional de Energía Atómica/[ELS/7/005]/IAEA/AustriaOrganismo Internacional de Energía Atómica/[ELS/7/007]/IAEA/AustriaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas (CIEMIC

Confinement experiences : informative stories

Experiencias de confinamiento reúne diferentes relatos sobre las prácticas cotidianas que marcaron o transformaron nuestras vidas a causa de la pandemia de la COVID-19, y que permitieron la exploración de nuevos aprendizajes, hábitos y habilidades. En este libro, profesores, estudiantes y egresados relatan las experiencias, miedos y pensamientos que los acompañaron durante el confinamiento y, así mismo, reflexionan acerca de la adaptación a las clases virtuales, al teletrabajo y a una nueva cotidianidad. Estos relatos son el producto de experiencias personales que apelan a vivencias compartidas mediante un lenguaje que interviene los esquemas de la escritura académica para que los sentimientos, las experiencias de vida y las reflexiones fluyan a través de la escritura.Bogot