Aportaciones a la instrumentación electrónica en la optimización de sistemas basados en energía solar

Esta Tesis tiene por objeto el diseño, desarrollo y construcción de sistemas de instrumentación que permitan la optimización en la generación de energía solar fotovoltaica, teniendo siempre en cuenta el coste de los sistemas desarrollados, el cual debe ser lo más bajo posible garantizando los requisitos de precisión necesarios. Como un objetivo añadido a lo que son las líneas del proyecto de investigación que soporta esta Tesis y a la propia concepción de la misma, se persigue extender las posibilidades de monitorización de los sistemas fotovoltaicos incluso a nivel doméstico, para lo cual es fundamental el desarrollo de sistemas de instrumentación de muy bajo coste. Otro reto que ha sido abordado en esta Tesis ha sido el diseño, desarrollo, construcción y testeo de un sistema robotizado para realizar medidas y calibraciones de instrumentos radiométricos.-------------------------This Thesis takes as a target, the design, development and construction , of instrumentation systems that allow the optimization in the generation of photovoltaic solar energy, always bearing in mind the cost of the developed systems, which has to be as low as possible guaranteeing the necessary precision requisites. As an added target to what there are the lines of the research project that supports this Thesis and to the proper conception of the same one, chases to extend the possibilities of monitoring photovoltaic systems even at domestic level, for which there is fundamental the instrumentation systems development at very low cost

Diagnóstico de la situación actual de la tecnología 5G: Suramérica

This paper presents an analysis of the current state of 5G technology deployment in South American countries. The research is carried out employing an informal survey of the current regulations in mobile technologies, to later carry out a general overview of the most relevant aspects in the 13 South American countries and French Guiana. The commercial launches of 5G in the countries of Uruguay, Surinam, and Brazil are highlighted. The 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz spectrum bands are identified as potential for 5G development, used in a total of 26 tests distributed in 9 countries, except for Guiana, Paraguay, Venezuela, and French Guiana. Likewise, the countries with the highest spectrum release rate are Brazil with 609 MHz and Peru with 554.4 MHz, while Ecuador and Bolivia are the last ones in this aspect with 290 MHz and 284 MHz respectively, except for Argentina, the telecommunications sector in South America is decentralized, which means that there are several regulatory bodies. This study was conducted to review the current state of mobile technology in South America and obtain an overview of the actions carried out in the region for the implementation of 5G technology.Este trabajo presenta un análisis del estado actual del despliegue de tecnología 5G de los países de Suramérica. La investigación se realiza por medio de un levantamiento de información de la normativa vigente en tecnologías móviles para posteriormente realizar una visión general de los aspectos más relevantes en Suramérica. Se destacan los lanzamientos comerciales del 5G de los países de Uruguay, Surinam y Brasil. Se identifican las bandas del espectro de 3,5 GHz y 28 GHz como potenciales para el desarrollo 5G, utilizadas en un total de 26 pruebas distribuidas en 9 países, exceptuando a la Guyana, Paraguay, Venezuela y la Guyana Francesa, así mismo, los países que cuentan con un mayor índice de liberación de espectro son Brasil con 609 MHz y Perú con 554,4 MHz mientras que Ecuador y Bolivia son los últimos en este aspecto con  290 MHz y 284 MHz respectivamente, a excepción de Argentina el sector de las telecomunicaciones en Suramérica es descentralizado esto quiere decir que existen varios organismos reguladores. Este estudio fue realizado con la finalidad de revisar el estado actual de la tecnología móvil en Suramérica y obtener una visión general de las acciones llevadas a cabo en la región para la implementación de la tecnología 5G

uhuMEB : design, construction, and management methodology of minimum energy buildings in subtropical climates

Knowledge of buildings0 energy efficiency has advanced thanks to research carried out in recent years. Many of the discoveries in this field have recently been incorporated into mandatory construction regulations for each country. However, not many of the architects and engineers involved in the construction industry clearly know how to achieve those goals in their designs. This document is based on the extensive experience in architectural design, the integration of renewable energies, the energy simulation of buildings and data acquisition, and analysis of the research team involved. It is presented in a practical and holistic approach and focused in subtropical climates. A structured methodology for the proper decision-making process during all the different stages of a minimum energy building (MEB) is likewise presented. The proposed methodology depicted aims at providing architects and engineers with a systematic and orderly step-by-step procedure and incorporates the instrumentation/control and data analysis as essential elements that support the validation of the expected results from the design, the construction, and the operation phase of the building. The paper develops a case study that illustrates the proposed methodology. This new methodology for MEB in subtropical climates constitutes an innovation in this field.This work has been funded by the DPI2017-85540-R Project supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and by the European Union Regional Development Fund. Some parts of the study have been funded by the resources of the research team "Control y Robotica (TEP192)" from the University of Huelva (Spain)

Temperature Measurement in PV Facilities on a Per-Panel Scale

This work is a contribution of the DPI2010-17123 Project supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and the TEP-6124 Project supported by the Regional Government of Andalusia (Spain). Both projects are also supported by the European Union Regional Development Fund.This paper presents the design, construction and testing of an instrumentation system for temperature measurement in PV facilities on a per-panel scale (i.e., one or more temperature measurements per panel). Its main characteristics are: precision, ease of connection, immunity to noise, remote operation, easy scaling; and all of this at a very low cost. The paper discusses the advantages of temperature measurements in PV facilities on a per-panel scale. The paper presents the whole development to implementation of a real system that is being tested in an actual facility. This has enabled the authors to provide the readers with practical guidelines, which would be very difficult to achieve if the developments were implemented by just simulation or in a theoretical way. The instrumentation system is fully developed, from the temperature sensing to its presentation in a virtual instrument. The developed instrumentation system is able to work both locally and remotely connected to both wired and wireless network

Hydrogen-powered refrigeration system for environmentally friendly transport and delivery in the food supply chain

Urban population and the trend towards online commerce leads to an increase in delivery solution in cities. The growth of the transport sector is very harmful to the environment, being responsible for approximately 40% of greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union. The problem is aggravated when transporting perishable foodstuffs, as the vehicle propulsion engine (VPE) must power not only the vehicle but also the refrigeration unit. This means that the VPE must be running continuously, both on the road and stationary (during delivery), as the cold chain must be preserved. The result is costly (high fuel consumption) and harmful to the environment. At present, refrigerated transport does not support full-electric solutions, due to the high energy consumption required, which motivates the work presented in this article. It presents a turnkey solution of a hydrogenpowered refrigeration system (HPRS) to be integrated into standard light trucks and vans for short-distance food transport and delivery. The proposed solution combines an air-cooled polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a lithium-ion battery and low-weight pressurised hydrogen cylinders to minimise cost and increase autonomy and energy density. In addition, for its implementation and integration, all the acquisition, power and control electronics necessary for its correct management have been developed. Similarly, an energy management system (EMS) has been developed to ensure continuity and safety in the operation of the electrical system during the working day, while maximizing both the available output power and lifetime of the PEMFC. Experimental results on a real refrigerated light truck provide more than 4 h of autonomy in intensive intercity driving profiles, which can be increased, if necessary, by simply increasing the pressure of the stored hydrogen from the current 200 bar to whatever is required. The correct operation of the entire HPRS has been experimentally validated in terms of functionality, autonomy and safety; with fuel savings of more than 10% and more than 3650 kg of CO2/ year avoided.This work is a contribution of the two following Projects: “H2Integration& Control. Integration and Control of a hydrogen-based pilot plant in residential applications for energy supply”, Ref. PID2020-116616RB-C31 supported by the Spanish State Program of R + D + I Oriented to the Challenges of Society; and “SALTES: Smartgrid with reconfigurable Architecture for testing controL Techniques and Energy Storage priority contaminant waste”, Ref. P20-00730 supported by Andalusian Regional Program of R + D + I. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva/CBUA

Regulación en línea de sistemas estocásticos mediante lógica borrosa

El control de sistemas no lineales presenta innumerables dificultades propias de la riqueza dinámica de estos sistemas. En muchos casos, y pese a los grandes avances en el modelado de sistemas complejos fundamentalmente procedentes de las técnicas de control inteligente (lógica borrosa, redes neuronales, algoritmos bioinspirados, . . . ), resulta prácticamente imposible obtener modelos que reflejen completamente la diversidad de comportamientos de un sistema. Es por ello que el diseño de controladores fuera de línea ha de ser cumplimentado, e incluso a veces directamente sustituido, por algoritmos de diseño en línea que permitan adaptarse a nuevas dinámicas y comportamientos no contemplados en los modelos. En el caso de que el sistema presente además ruidos, sistemas estocásticos, este hecho añade un grado de complejidad extra al diseño del controlador. En este trabajo se presenta un algoritmo para la sintonización en línea de reguladores borrosos de tipo Takagi-Sugeno (TS) generales para sistemas estocásticos. Esta metodología, basada en el filtro de Kalman, permite la obtención y/o adaptación de controladores borrosos TS de forma iterativa, es decir, en línea con el proceso, en base a un modelo de referencia preestablecido, en presencia de ruido y sin requerir ningún tipo de diseño previo fuera de línea

Sustainable Urban Race, una propuesta para el fomento de vocaciones científico-técnicas

Comunicación presentada a las XXXIX Jornadas de Automática, celebradas en Badajoz del 5 al 7 de Septiembre de 2018 y organizada por la Universidad de ExtremaduraEl objetivo fundamental del proyecto Competición de vehículos solares para el fomento de las vocaciones científico-técnicas mediante el aprendizaje basado en proyectos - SUR18 es aumentar el interés por la ciencia y la tecnología entre los estudiantes de ESO, Formación Profesional y Bachillerato. Para la consecución de este objetivo se ha planteado la participación de institutos y centros de formación en el diseño y construcción de un vehículo eléctrico eficiente para el transporte de al menos una persona en ambiente urbano, empleando la metodología de aprendizaje basado en proyectos. Además se han incluido una serie de retos o desafíos tecnológicos que los equipos debían superar. Los resultados se han presentado en una competición abierta al público, que ha tenido lugar en Huelva el día 1 de junio de 2018.The fundamental objective of the project Solar Vehicle Competition for the promotion of scientific-technical vocations through project-based learning - SUR18 is to increase interest in science and technology among pre-university students. To achieve this objective, the participation of pre-university centers in the design and construction of an efficient electric vehicle for the transport of at least one person in an urban environment has been proposed, using the project-based learning methodology. In addition, a series of technological challenges that the teams had to overcome have been included. The results have been presented in a competition open to the public, which took place in Huelva on June 1, 2018.Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT) del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad. Proyecto “Competición de vehículos solares para el fomento de las vocaciones científico- técnicas mediante el aprendizaje basado en proyectos”- SUR1

Regulation of cell death receptor S-nitrosylation and apoptotic signaling by Sorafenib in hepatoblastoma cells

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a relevant role during cell death regulation in tumor cells. The overexpression of nitric oxide synthase type III (NOS-3) induces oxidative and nitrosative stress, p53 and cell death receptor expression and apoptosis in hepatoblastoma cells. S-nitrosylation of cell death receptor modulates apoptosis. Sorafenib is the unique recommended molecular-targeted drug for the treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study was addressed to elucidate the potential role of NO during Sorafenib-induced cell death in HepG2 cells. We determined the intra- and extracellular NO concentration, cell death receptor expression and their S-nitrosylation modifications, and apoptotic signaling in Sorafenib-treated HepG2 cells. The effect of NO donors on above parameters has also been determined. Sorafenib induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. However, low concentration of the drug (10nM) increased cell death receptor expression, as well as caspase-8 and -9 activation, but without activation of downstream apoptotic markers. In contrast, Sorafenib (10 µM) reduced upstream apoptotic parameters but increased caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation in HepG2 cells. The shift of cell death signaling pathway was associated with a reduction of S-nitrosylation of cell death receptors in Sorafenib-treated cells. The administration of NO donors increased S-nitrosylation of cell death receptors and overall induction of cell death markers in control and Sorafenib-treated cells. In conclusion, Sorafenib induced alteration of cell death receptor S-nitrosylation status which may have a relevant repercussion on cell death signaling in hepatoblastoma cells.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI13/00021Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BFU2012-32056Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía BIO-0216Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía CTS-6264Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía PI13/ 0002

Experiencias en el aula: cuarto encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras.

Cuarto encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras, evento que se llevo a cabo los días 7 y 8 de Octubre de 2019