Personality disorders and modern culture

In this work, the relation between the modern social context and personality— as an essential psychological entity—and its disorders were analyzed from a dialectic perspective. Therefore, I have specified the bidirectional influences of social paradigmatic changes in modernity—and in the case of postmodernity—on the construction of personal identity. A historiography of the Self throughout the diverse eras and of the more relevant social changes was carried out, emphasizing the consequences in the development of character. The analysis includes a reflection on one of the pathologies of increasing incidence in modern societies: image disorders. In the discussion, the difficulties to organize the self in an extremely subjective world, which forces a person to self-realization as existential task, is criticized.En el presente trabajo se ha analizado críticamente la relación del contexto social moderno con la personalidad –como ítem psicológico por antonomasia- y sus trastornos desde una perspectiva dialéctica. Por tanto se han explicitado las influencias bidireccionales que los cambios sociales paradigmáticos de la modernidad –y en su caso de la posmodernidad- han tenido en la construcción de la identidad personal. Se ha realizado una historiografía del Yo a lo largo de distintas épocas y de los cambios sociales más relevantes, enfatizando las consecuencias sobre la formación del carácter. El análisis incluye una reflexión sobre una de las patologías con una incidencia creciente en las sociedades modernas: los trastornos de la imagen. En la discusión se denunciarán las dificultades existentes en la configuración del Yo en un mundo subjetivizado en extremo y que obliga a la autorealización como tarea existencial

Construyendo el Yo: un enfoque contextual

We propose a review of the formation of the Self from a phenomenological -contextual perspective. This approach is justified as a way of solving the metaphors that are used to understand the formation of the Self, which usually commits either categorical and reification errors or directly aporetic arguments. The concept of the Self is not denied, given the huge reinforcement re ceived by the human organism from infancy to tact with private experiences, and such being -in-contact is precisely the primary phenomenological experience of the Self. A genuinely behavioral explanatory model is presented, understanding the Self as a soci al epiphenomenon that requires a basic pre -reflective awareness in a particular cultural context that will shape it through prototypical verbal behavior in human interaction. Finally, the different stages of Self -learning are described. The discussion unde rlines the extraordinary importance of understanding the Self in terms of perspective, which leads to the parsimonious comprehension of the classic features attributed to the Self, such as constancy, timelessness, transcendence and interiority without elab orating mental constructs. Key words: Phenomenology, Behaviorism, Self, Verbal behavior

A Case Study of Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Personality Disorder Using Third-Generation Behavioral Therapies

This article presents a case study of anorexia nervosa and obsessive personality disorder as a means of describing the main therapeutic interventions in the framework of “third-generation” therapies. The sessions were videotaped by independent observers. The particulars of the therapeutic relationship (based on functional analytic psychotherapy) and the contextual strategies (based on acceptance and commitment therapy) used are analyzed here. This case highlights progressive positive changes in social behavior, including congruence of values and vital actions, resolution of the eating disorder, greater openness to experience, and decreased pervasive thoughts. The discussion associates these changes with the types of intervention specific to this therapeutic approach

The Axiological Structure in Psychosis

In this chapter the value structure will be described as one of the essential existential foundations from a phenomenological perspective. Psychosis could be understood as the result of structural modifications of the self in anchoring the lifeworld. These modifications would mainly be due to failure in the construction of intersubjectivity and therefore of the common sense or basic intuitive tuning of the social world. This failure precisely involves the axiological component of psychotic being-in-the-world, so its description will be emphasized, along with its peculiarities and similarities to other ways of functioning of this axis of values, both adapted and pathological. This approach will be observed in terms of its therapeutic possibilities for the improvement and removal of the so-called negative symptoms. These are the warhorse for true recovery, understood as a personal and unique process for the clarification, development, adjustment of attitudes and values, affectivity and skills in social roles that can lead to a satisfactory and hopeful way of life. Those interventions that try to create a new existential situation or being-in-the-world will be described

Optimized One vs One approach in multiclass classification for early Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment diagnosis

The detection of Alzheimer’s Disease in its early stages is crucial for patient care and drugs development. Motivated by this fact, the neuroimaging community has extensively applied machine learning techniques to the early diagnosis problem with promising results. The organization of challenges has helped the community to address different raised problems and to standardize the approaches to the problem. In this work we use the data from international challenge for automated prediction of MCI from MRI data to address the multiclass classification problem. We propose a novel multiclass classification approach that addresses the outlier detection problem, uses pairwise t-test feature selection, project the selected features onto a Partial-Least-Squares multiclass subspace, and applies one-versus-one error correction output codes classification. The proposed method yields to an accuracy of 67 % in the multiclass classification, outperforming all the proposals of the competition.Ministerio de Innovacion y Ciencia Project DEEP-NEUROMAPS RTI2018-098913-B100Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion, Ciencia, y Empleo of the Junta de Andalucia A-TIC-080-UGR18 TIC FRONTERAGerman Research Foundation (DFG) FPU 18/04902United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS) U01 AG024904DOD ADNI Department of Defense W81XWH-12-2-001

The relict population of Pinna nobilis in the Mar Menor is facing an uncertain future

Pinna nobilis is undergoing one of the most dramatic events suffered by an endangered species. An emerging disease has relegated its populations to coastal lagoons or estuaries with salinities beyond the 36.5–39.7 psu range. The Mar Menor is one of two such locations on the Spanish coastline. Poor environmental conditions and eutrophication and anoxia events, that became critical in 2016, 2019 and 2021, have reduced its population in >99 %. In this work, the spatial distribution of the species within the lagoon and the factors determining its survival along the successive crises of eutrophication are studied using a two-stage (presence/absence estimation and density modelling) Species Distribution Model. A potential area of 200.97 ha and an average density of 1.05 ind.100 m2 is estimated for 2020. The viability of the Mar Menor population depends on management actions designed both for the species and to improve the lagoon environmental state.This research was supported by the EU LIFE Programme Project “Protection and restoration of Pinna nobilis populations as a response to the catastrophic pandemic started in 2016” (LIFE PINNARCA) [grant number LIFE20 NAT/ES/001265] and the Biodiversity Foundation of the Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge Project RECUPERA PINNA [grant number IRTA1-21T]. This research was supported by the Dirección General del Mar Menor, Consejería de Agua, Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Medio Ambiente (CARM), Project “Proyecto para la cría ex situ de Pinna nobilis y creación del Banco de Especies protegidas y singulares del Mar Menor”

Probabilistic Combination of Non-Linear Eigenprojections For Ensemble Classification

The emergence of new technologies has changed the way clinicians perform diagnosis. Medical imaging play a crucial role in this process, given the amount of information that they usually provide as non-invasive techniques. Despite the high quality offered by these images and the expertise of clinicians, the diagnostic process is not a straightforward task since different pathologies can have similar signs and symptoms. For this reason, it is extremely useful to assist this process with the inclusion of an automatic tool that reduces the bias when analyzing this kind of images. In this work, we propose an ensemble classifier based on probabilistic Support Vector Machine (SVM) in order to identify relevant patterns while providing information about the reliability of the classification. Specifically, each image is divided into patches and features contained in each one of them are extracted by applying kernel principal component analysis (PCA). The use of base classifiers within an ensemble allows our system to identify the informative patterns regardless of their size or location. Decisions of each individual patch are then combined according to the reliability of each individual classification: the lower the uncertainty, the higher the contribution. Performance is evaluated in a real scenario where distinguishing between pneumonia patients and controls from chest Computed Tomography (CCT) images, yielding an accuracy of 97.86%. The large performance obtained and the simplicity of the system (use of deep learning in CCT images would highly increase the computational cost) evidence the applicability of our proposal in a real-world environment.Projects PGC2018-098813-B-C32 and RTI2018-098913-B100 (Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades”)UMA20-FEDERJA-086, A-TIC-080-UGR18 and P20 00525 (Consejer´ıa de econom´ıa y conocimiento, Junta de Andaluc´ıa)European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)Spanish ”Ministerio de Universidades” through Margarita-Salas gran

Osteoprotegerin CGA Haplotype Protection against Cerebrovascular Complications in Anti-CCP Negative Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease with high incidence of cardiovascular disease due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) has been associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic disease in the general population. Several polymorphisms in the OPG gene with functional effects on cardiovascular disease in non-rheumatic individuals have been described. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the effect of three of these functional OPG polymorphisms on the risk of cardiovascular disease in a large and well-characterized cohort of Spanish patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: Three OPG gene variants (rs3134063, rs2073618 and rs3134069) were genotyped by TaqMan assays in 2027 Spanish patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody testing was positive in 997 of 1714 tested. Also, 18.3% of the whole series had experienced cardiovascular events, including 5.4% with cerebrovascular accidents. The relationship between OPG variants and cardiovascular events was assessed using Cox regression. RESULTS: No association between OPG gene variants and cardiovascular disease was observed in the whole group of rheumatoid arthritis patients or in anti-CCP positive patients. Nevertheless, a protective effect of CGA haplotype on the risk of cardiovascular disease in general, and specifically in the risk of cerebrovascular complications after adjusting for sex, age at disease diagnosis and traditional cardiovascular risk factors was disclosed in anti-CCP negative patients (HR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.31-0.95; p = 0.032 and HR = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.04-0.78; p = 0.022, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a protective effect of the OPG CGA haplotype on cardiovascular risk, mainly due to a protective effect against cerebrovascular events in anti-CCP negative rheumatoid arthritis patients

Lack of Association between JAK3 Gene Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Disease in Spanish Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polygenic disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality. JAK/STAT signalling pathway is involved in autoimmune diseases and in the atherosclerotic process. JAK3 is a highly promising target for immunomodulatory drugs and polymorphisms in JAK3 gene have been associated with CV events in incident dialysis patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the potential role of JAK3 polymorphisms in the development of CV disease in patients with RA. 2136 Spanish RA patients were genotyped for the rs3212780 and rs3212752 JAK3 gene polymorphisms by TaqMan assays. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated in 539 of these patients by carotid ultrasonography (US). No statistically significant differences were found when each polymorphism was assessed according to carotid intima-media thickness values and presence/absence of carotid plaques in RA, after adjusting the results for potential confounders. Moreover, no significant differences were obtained when RA patients were stratified according to the presence/absence of CV events after adjusting for potential confounders. In conclusion, our results do not confirm association between JAK3 polymorphisms and CV disease in RA