Consumo público e inflación dual

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los efectos de la política fiscal sobre producción, empleo y precios relativos en una economía formada por dos sectores productivos: uno de bienes comerciables (competitivo) y otro de bienes no comerciables (monopolio). El análisis de los efectos de la política fiscal se efectúa bajo dos escenarios diferentes. En uno de ellos, el sector monopolista no considera el nivel de gasto público en la determinación del precio, mientras que en el otro sí lo considera

Relationships between texture and water holding capacity, in the range pF 4,2-6,0, in Western Andalusia soils

El presente trabajo se ocupa del estudio de la relación entre la textura y la retención de humedad en el margen de pF 4,2 a 6,0 (agua no utilizable) para suelos tipos de Andalucía Occidental. El análisis de los resultados que se exponen muestra una fuerte dependencia del contenido de humedad y la proporción de elementos finos. Para el ámbito de pF entre 4,2 y 4,6 es la fracción <0.02 mm la determinante de la retención de humedad mientras que para pF de 4,6 a 6,0, por el contrario, es la fracción <0,002 mm la que controla el almacenamiento de agua. A partir de las relaciones encontradas, conocida la composición granulométrica de un suelo de esta región, se puede estimar su contenido de humedad a un pF determinado dentro del margen estudiado.The present paper deals with the relation between texture and moisture retention in the range pF 4.2-6.0 (non available water) for typical soils in Western Andalusia. The analysis of results shows that moisture retention is highly dependent on the content of line particles. For pF values between 4.2 and 4.6, retention is controlled by the fraction of particles <0.02 mm, whereas for the range 4.6-6.0, particles <0.002 mm are predominant. The relations found are useful to deduce the moisture retention of similar soils in our regiin from mechanical analysis data ...Die vorliegende Arbeít febasst sich mit der Bestimmung der Beziehungen zwischen der Textur auf der einen Seite und dem Wassergehalt bei pF von 4.2 bis 6,0 (Tates Wasser) auf der anderen Seite, der Böden van West Andalusien. Die Regressionanalyse der Ergebnissen zeigen einen starken Zusammenhang zwischen dem Wassergehalt und der feinsten Kornfraktionen der Böden. Im pF-Bereich von 4,2 bis 6,0 wird der Wassergehalt bei Kornfraktion < 0,02 mm kontroliert, wahrend fürden pF-Bereich 4,6-6,0 wird der Wassergehalt bei Kornfraktion < 0,002 mm beeinflusst. Wenn man die Ergebnisse der Schlämmanalyse des Bodens dieser Gebiet hat, kann der Wassergehalt bei verschiedener pF-Werte im Bereich 4,2-6,0 durch die gefundene Korrelatione ermittelt werden

One- and two-photon scattering from generalized V-type atoms

The one- and two-photon scattering matrix S is obtained analytically for a one-dimensional waveguide and a point-like scatterer with N excited levels (generalized V -type atom). We argue that the two-photon scattering matrix contains sufficient information to distinguish between different level structures which are equivalent for single-photon scattering, such as a V -atom with N = 2 excited levels and two two-level systems. In particular, we show that the scattering with the V -type atom exhibits a destructive interference effect leading to two-photon Coupled-Resonator-Induced Transparency, where the nonlinear part of the two-photon scattering matrix vanishes when each incident photon fulfills a single-photon condition for transparency

Firms’ growth, size and age: a nonparametric approach

This paper offers empirical evidence of firm failure rates as well as the mean of the distribution of realized growth rates, distinguishing between the sample of non-failing firms and the sample of all firms, failing and non-failing. Attention is directed at identifying a set of characteristics, in particular the size and age of firms, systematically related to the patterns of firm growth and exit, using a panel of Spanish manufacturing firms. The two main contributions of the paper are the use of nonparametric techniques and the analysis of issues ignored in other studies like the regression-to-the-mean bias and the measurement of learning effects. We find evidence that failure rates and the mean growth rate of successful firms decline with size and age. When failing firms are integrated, there are no significant differences in the mean growth rate across the age and size of firms. Regression-to-the-mean does not prove to be a substantial factor behind the negative relationship between size and growth of surviving firms

Why do we choose to address health 2020?

What can we predict for 2020? Solar and lunar eclipses? Without a doubt. Climate change? Most likely. Rising sea levels? Signs point to yes. Beyond that, however, in the world of human events, it is best to be cautious. In the field of health and medicine (or anywhere else, for that matter), no one predicted the most important discoveries of the twentieth century. Economists were no more successful in foreseeing financial or economic crises. The pundits did not forecast any of the recent wars, disruptions or even the recent Arab Spring movements indeed, political experts turned out to be only slightly more accurate than dart-throwing chimpanzees in divining what was in store for the future.1 As the World Health Organization (WHO) and the wider scientific community looked to East Asia in anticipation of the next outbreak of H5N1, the influenza H1N1 pandemic took hold in Mexico. Tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, drug scandals, outbreaks of emerging diseases and political disruptions are notoriously unpredictable, as Nassim Nicholas Taleb brilliantly highlighted in his book The Black Swan

Single photons by quenching the vacuum

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle implies that the quantum vacuum is not empty but fluctuates. These fluctuations can be converted into radiation through nonadiabatic changes in the Hamiltonian. Here, we discuss how to control this vacuum radiation, engineering a single-photon emitter out of a two-level system (2LS) ultrastrongly coupled to a finite-band waveguide in a vacuum state. More precisely, we show the 2LS nonlinearity shapes the vacuum radiation into a nonGaussian superposition of even and odd cat states. When the 2LS bare frequency lays within the band gaps, this emission can be well approximated by individual photons. This picture is confirmed by a characterization of the ground and bound states, and a study of the dynamics with matrix product states and polaron Hamiltonian methods.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

Erosión minera en la cuenca del arroyo Peñalén (Parque Natural del Alto Tajo, Guadalajara)

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Determinantes del tipo impositivo efectivo en el sector turístico: un modelo dinámico con datos de panel

This paper presents a dynamic model of the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) in the tourism sector. A dynamic model where the lagged endogenous variable ETR has been included as a regressor to identify the dynamic structure of the variable due to the existence of temporal adjustments between the short and long run in ETR payments has been estimated. The empirical analysis based on a panel data set over the 2008-2013 period explores the determinants of the ETR variable by using a Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) estimator controlling for heterogeneity in the tourism sector. The Arellano-Bond system GMM estimator has been used to estimate the model. The study seeks to shed light on the determinants of tax burden in the tourism sector covering the lack of studies on this topic. The findings obtained suggest that the ETR borne is determined by size, financing structure and type of entity. We deem the finding of the existence of non-linear relationships between ETR and size and financing structure relevant.Este artículo presenta un modelo dinámico para el Tipo Impositivo Efectivo (TIE) en el sector turístico. Este modelo dinámico ha sido estimado usando la variable endógena retardada TIE como regresor para identificar la estructura dinámica de dicha variable, debido a la existencia de ajustes entre el corto y largo plazo en los pagos del TIE. El análisis empírico basado en datos de panel en el periodo 2008-2013 explora los determinantes de la variable TIE utilizándose el estimador del Método Generalizado de Momentos (GMM) controlando la heterogeneidad en el sector turístico. El estimador de Arellano-Bond ha sido utilizado para estimar el modelo. Este estudio busca arrojar luz sobre los determinantes de las cargas impositivas en el sector turístico debido a la escasez de estudios en esta materia. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el TIE se encuentra determinado por el tamaño, la estructura financiera y el tipo de empresa. Igualmente consideramos relevante el hallazgo de relaciones no lineales entre el TIE y el tamaño y la estructura de financiación

Innovation for environmental sustainability: longitudinal effects of an education for sustainable development intervention on university students’ pro-environmentalism

Purpose Although education for sustainable development (ESD) is a key tool in the transition to a more sustainable society, its integration in higher education remains scarce. One reason for this is that more evidence is needed about the effectiveness of ESD interventions. This study aims to address this gap in the literature by examining the immediate and long-term effects of an ESD intervention on university students' pro-environmental knowledge, personal environmental norm and pro-environmental behaviors. Design/methodology/approach This study used a quasi-experimental design that examined to what extent participating in an ESD intervention influenced university students' self-reported pro-environmentalism (i.e. experimental group), compared to those who did not participate in the ESD intervention (i.e. control group). The authors also examined the longitudinal effects of the ESD intervention by recording students' pro-environmentalism (both in the experimental and control group) 1 year after the intervention. Findings The findings showed that participation in the ESD intervention enhanced students' pro-environmental knowledge, personal environmental norms and pro-environmental behaviors relative to the no-participation control group. The positive effects of the ESD intervention remained 1 year after the program finished. Originality/value This work explores the effects that ESD interventions have on university students. Its findings provide evidence about the effectiveness of the intervention and, therefore, support the inclusion of ESD at higher educational levels