Enumeration Complexity of Conjunctive Queries with Functional Dependencies

We study the complexity of enumerating the answers of Conjunctive Queries (CQs) in the presence of Functional Dependencies (FDs). Our focus is on the ability to list output tuples with a constant delay in between, following a linear-time preprocessing. A known dichotomy classifies the acyclic self-join-free CQs into those that admit such enumeration, and those that do not. However, this classification no longer holds in the common case where the database exhibits dependencies among attributes. That is, some queries that are classified as hard are in fact tractable if dependencies are accounted for. We establish a generalization of the dichotomy to accommodate FDs; hence, our classification determines which combination of a CQ and a set of FDs admits constant-delay enumeration with a linear-time preprocessing. In addition, we generalize a hardness result for cyclic CQs to accommodate a common type of FDs. Further conclusions of our development include a dichotomy for enumeration with linear delay, and a dichotomy for CQs with disequalities. Finally, we show that all our results apply to the known class of "cardinality dependencies" that generalize FDs (e.g., by stating an upper bound on the number of genres per movies, or friends per person)

Impact of a mindfulness and self-care program on the psychological flexibility and well-being of parents with children diagnosed with ADHD

Producción CientíficaFamilies with children who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to display unpleasant psychological reactions arising from the pressure exerted by the social and school context, and from experiences linked to difficulties their children have. The present research seeks to examine the effectiveness of a mindfulness program on various dimensions related to well-being and psychological flexibility in parents of children with ADHD. The program is based on protocols of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), enhanced through the specific inclusion of relational keys, self-compassion exercises and framed within self-care. Participants were 22 fathers and mothers of children and teenagers diagnosed with ADHD. Psychological flexibility (AAQ II), cognitive fusion (CFQ), mindfulness (FFMQ), coping (COPE), and self-compassion (SCS) measures were used. Results showed a significant increase in mindfulness skills, psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and in the use of humor (COPE) as a strategy for coping with personal problematic events. We discuss the results which emerged, the limitations of the study, as well as proposals for improvement

Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas y satisfacción de los estudiantes de Enfermería.

Introduction: The objective of this research was used to evaluate the effect of Problem-Based Learning in the Nursing students' satisfaction.Material and Methodology: A descriptive transversal study. The task was conducted by 134 second-year Nursing students at the University of Valladolid. Scale satisfaction of the University of Colima (Mexico) was administered under PBL implementation.SPSS was used for data analysis and the content analysis on the participants’ responses.Results: Overall the participants described the contents of the clinical case as engaging, effective, practical and varied. 55% of students revealed their preference for traditional methodology compared to PBL. 78% liked this new methodology. Students’ perception of active learning through PBL showed a high level of motivation and satisfaction in regards to content, the tutorial process, the tutor and the students’ role; whereas the time assigned and the major workload is what least satisfied them. Nevertheless, satisfaction in general was high.Conclusion: The PBL methodology reported successful results according to nursing students’ opinions. It was reported that PBL improves communication and the students’ feedback is implemented. There is a correlation between the teaching and learning process not only in evaluation assessment but also in personal treatment in respect to the benefits to each other.Introducción: El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el grado de satisfacción de  los  estudiantes de Enfermería  después de utilizar la metodología Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo formada por 134 estudiantes de 2º de Grado de Enfermería de la Universidad de Valladolid. Después de la implementación de ABP  se administró la escala de satisfacción de la Universidad de la Colima (México). Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el programa SPSS y  se realizó el análisis del contenido de las justificaciones de las respuestas.Resultados: A los estudiantes, los contenidos de los casos clínicos  les resultaron  interesantes, prácticos, útiles y variados. Un 55% de los discentes prefiere la metodología tradicional frente al Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas  y  a un 78%  le gustó esta nueva metodología. El aprendizaje activo a través de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, supuso una alta motivación y una elevada satisfacción percibida por los estudiantes  respecto a los contenidos,  el proceso tutorial, y los roles del  tutor y  del alumno;  mientras que el tiempo asignado  y  la mayor carga de trabajo  es lo que menos les satisface, aunque la satisfacción en general  fue elevada.Conclusiones: Utilizar una metodología ABP aporta una elevada satisfacción en los estudiantes de Enfermería. Resulta favorable la retroalimentación constante en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, tanto en sesiones de evaluación, como en el trato personal y se mejora la comunicación en el aula.

Estrategias docentes exitosas: aproximación conceptual desde planteamientos emergentes de la Psicología de la instrucción

La presente comunicación se centra en la propuesta conceptual de un conjunto de estrategias docentes que pueden llegar a vertebrar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y que se convierten en “moduladoras” de estilos de enseñanza eficaces. La competencia profesional docente ha ido revalorizándose con elementos y factores que conforman un concepto de significado multidimensional, incluyendo no sólo variables factuales o conductuales, sino también cognitivas y metacognitivas, sociales y emocionales. De esta forma, la docencia no sólo se contempla como un proceso de tipo lineal o secuencial uniforme, sino de naturaleza circular espiriforme con una interacción constante entre una serie de variables o dimensiones jerarquizadas y multifactoriales. La Psicología ofrece teorías o modelos realmente persuasivos por la profundidad que aportan al conocimiento del binomio de enseñanza-aprendizaje, como tal, y a los elementos o factores que los constituyen. Pero es necesario abordar el tratamiento específico de cada uno de esos elementos que integran dicho binomio, a fin de comprender mejor su naturaleza y los efectos de sus interacciones.The present communication focuses on the conceptual proposal of a set of teaching strategies that can get to structure the teaching and learning, and become “modulatory” of effective teaching styles. Professional teaching competence has been revaluing with elements and factors that form a multidimensional concept of meaning, including not only factual or behavioral variables, but also cognitive and metacognitive, social and emotional. Thus, teaching is not only seen as a linear process or a uniform sequential process, but also as a circular spiral shape nature with a constant interplay between a number of hierarchical and multifactorial variables or dimensions. Psychology offers truly persuasive theories or models due to the depth they bring to the knowledge of the teaching and learning pairing, as such, and to the elements or factors which set them up. However, it is necessary to deal with the specific treatment of each of those elements that make up the pairing, in order to have a better understanding of their nature and the effects of their interactions.peerReviewe

Perfil diferencial de la competencia docente psicoinstruccional entre el Cuerpo de Maestros y el de profesores de Enseñanza Secundaria del Sistema Educativo Español actual

La calidad del desarrollo profesional docente, requiere de la elaboración de unos criterios profesionales (habilidades, competencias y responsabilidades) que permitan establecer una relación positiva entre el estilo de enseñanza del profesor y el estilo de aprendizaje del estudiante. Los docentes, en la medida de lo posible, tienen que conocer sus propios estilos de enseñanza para saber cómo influyen sus percepciones, interacciones, actitudes, etc… en el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje y, a la vez, conocer los estilos del alumnado para reforzarlos. Nuestra propuesta se justifica en la definición de “estilo de enseñanza eficaz”, como un conjunto organizado e interactivo de competencias docentes que se vertebran, a su vez, en un grupo de “variables”: autoeficacia, planificación, resolución de conflictos, comunicación y habilidades sociales. Nuestra investigación se ha basado en el análisis comparativo de datos de tipo descriptivo de los resultados de una muestra de profesorado en activo de Educación Primaria y de Profesores de Enseñanza Secundaria que imparten docencia en cursos de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Las variables de “Planificación”, “Resolución de Conflictos” y “Comunicación Verbal” poseen una autopercepción semejante entre el profesorado de ambas muestras estudiadas. Sin embargo, las de “Autoeficacia”, “Comunicación No Verbal” e “Interacción-Convivencia” sean dispares en las muestras elegidas.The quality of professional development teaching, requires the development of professional criteria (skills, competences and responsibilities) that establish a positive relationship between the teachers’ teaching style and the students’ learning style. Teachers, as far as possible, must be aware of their own teaching styles so as to learn how to influence their perceptions, interactions, attitudes, in the teaching-learning process and, in turn, learn about the learning styles of their students in order to strengthen them. Our proposal is justified by the definition of ‘effective teaching style’ as an organized and interactive teaching skill that is structured, in turn, in a group of variables: self-effectiveness, planning, conflict resolution, communication and social skills . Our research has been based on the comparative analysis of descriptive type data from the results of a sample of active Primary and Secondary Teachers who teach courses in Compulsory Secondary Education. The variables of “Planning”, “Conflict Resolution” and “Verbal Communication” have a similar perception among teachers of both samples. However, the “Self-effectiveness”, “Nonverbal Communication” and “Interaction-Coexistence” are different among the samples chosen

Socio-emotional variables linked to the consumption of drugs amongst university students of Social Sciences: A pilot study

Producción CientíficaThis descriptive and transversal study, carried out on an intentional sample of 211 subjects who were split in terms of their consumption of psychoactive substances over the last month and who were aged between 18 and 28 (M = 21.36, and SD = 1.90), aimed to explore the emotional intelligence, perceived socio-family support and academic performance of university students vis-à-vis their consumption of drugs and to examine the link between them. The goal was to define university student consumer profile through a regression model using the multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (EMAS) and the Trait Meta Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) as instruments, together with academic performance and gender. The results report alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis consumption rates that are above the levels indicated by the Spanish household survey on alcohol and drugs in Spain (EDADES 2019) for the 15–34-year-old age range in Castilla y León. A certain link was observed between the consumption of substances and academic performance, although no differences were seen in academic performance in terms of consumer type. There was also no clear link observed between emotional intelligence and academic performance or between social support and academic performance. The predictive contribution of the variables included in the regression model was low (9%), which would advocate completing the model with other predictive variables until more appropriate predictability conditions can be found

La atención a la diversidad como ideología educativa

La atención a la diversidad como ideología educativ

Using Eye Tracking Technology to Analyse Cognitive Load in Multichannel Activities in University Students

Monitoring through the use of eye-tracking technology helps in understanding the cognitive load learners experience when doing tasks. This data gives the teacher and the student important information for improving learning outcomes. This study examined whether students’ participation in a learning virtual laboratory, with a self-regulated video monitored with eye-tracking, would influence their learning outcomes. It also examined whether students’ prior knowledge affected their learning outcomes. Lastly, the study identified clusters related to cognitive load in relevant Areas of Interest vs. non-relevant Areas of Interest. The sample comprised 42 university students of health sciences. The results indicate that participation in the virtual laboratory was related to better learning outcomes. In addition, prior knowledge did not affect cognitive load. A number of different clusters were found related to indicators of cognitive load in relevant and non-relevant AOIs. More applied studies are needed about the effects of monitoring on learning outcomes and on what it means for individualization of learning.his work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España. Proyectos de I + D+i-RTI Tipo B under Grant number [PID2020-117111RB-I00]

Desarrollo del autoconcepto y autoeficacia a través de un programa de orientación profesional en Educación Secundaria

Within the vocational maturity an important variable to take in account in an Orientation program, is to manage the Secondary pupils to acquire a realistic and positive conception about themselves in relation to their own values, goals, interest and abilities. It is also necessary for the pupils to realise themselves with good possibilities of social and professional integration. We attain an Orientation Program through tutorial -in the third and fourth year of secondary Education and the first year of higher Education- with the aim of providing the self-knowledge and the self-efficiency expectations through the training in analysis, reflection and investigation strategies and to form a contrast with their classmates about the necessary information, in order to reach the created objective. There has been attained a quasi-experimental and sequencial design with a non equivalent control group with a subject of 205 people in a balanced distribution with regard to gender variable. The results corroborate the program validity to the development of self-knowledge and self-efficiency sense so that starting from the similar situation of the participant groups (experimental and control) the experimental group will improve in a meaningful way according to the control group.; Dentro de la madurez vocacional, una variable importante a tener en cuenta en un Programa de Orientación es conseguir que el alumnado de Educación Secundaria adquiera una conceptualización realista y positiva de sí mismo en relación con los propios valores y metas, intereses y habilidades. Así mismo es necesario que los estudiantes se perciban con posibilidades de preparación e integración social y profesional. Realizamos un Programa de Orientación a través de la tutoría en 3º y 4º curso de la ESO y 1º curso de Bachillerato, con el objetivo de facilitar el autoconocimiento y las expectativas de autoeficacia mediante el entrenamiento en estrategias de análisis, reflexión e investigación y contrastar con sus compañeros la información necesaria para la consecución del objetivo planteado. Se realizó un diseño cuasiexperimental secuencial con grupo control no equivalente, con una muestra de 205 sujetos y con una distribución equilibrada respecto a la variable género. Los resultados confirman la validez del Programa para el desarrollo del autoconocimiento y del sentido de autoeficacia dado que partiendo de la igualdad de los dos grupos participantes (experimental y control) el grupo experimental mejora significativamente respecto al grupo control

Descripción de los factores medidos por la batería BADYG-M y su estudio como variables de intervención educativa

La prueba BADYG es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados en Orientación Escolar, para medir las capacidades y habilidades académicas de los alumnos. Numerosos trabajos dentro de la investigación así lo corroboran. Nuestro objetivo con este trabajo, es analizar las diferentes pruebas que la componen estudiando los ítems que las definen, con el fin de que nos puedan servir como herramienta para aplicar programas de intervención en la práctica con alumnos considerados de atención a la diversidad