Una estimación de los efectos del salario mínimo en España en el período 2002-2013

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo afecta una implantación o una subida de un salario mínimo sobre magnitudes de empleo, y particularmente para el caso español durante el período 2002-2013. Para ello se adoptan diferentes enfoques complementarios. En primer lugar, se analiza desde una perspectiva teórica en el que se ven, entre otros, los casos de competencia perfecta y monopsonio. Posteriormente se resumen los principales enfoques empíricos realizados hasta nuestro momento. Además se realiza un estudio empírico a través del análisis de variables descriptivas del salario mínimo y del empleo, y un estudio econométrico. Esto se realiza para intentar contrastar si los modelos teóricos estudiados se corresponden con los modelos empíricos observados. Por último, se detallan las principales conclusiones obtenidas.Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico e Historia e Instituciones EconómicasGrado en Economí

Suitability of Automatic Photogrammetric Reconstruction Configurations for Small Archaeological Remains

19 p.Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is a useful technique for the documentation, characterization, and evaluation of small archeological objects. In this research, a comparison among different photogrammetric setups that use different lenses (macro and standard zoom) and dense point cloud generation calibration processes for real specific objects of archaeological interest with different textures, geometries, and materials is raised using an automated data collection. The data acquisition protocol is carried out from a platform with control points referenced with a metrology absolute arm to accurately define a common spatial reference system. The photogrammetric reconstruction is performed considering a camera pre-calibration as well as a self-calibration. The latter is common for most data acquisition situations in archaeology. The results for the different lenses and calibration processes are compared based on a robust statistical analysis, which entails the estimation of both standard Gaussian and non-parametric estimators, to assess the accuracy potential of different configurations. As a result, 95% of the reconstructed points show geometric discrepancies lower than 0.85 mm for the most unfavorable case and less than 0.35 mm for the other casesS

Learning based on 3D photogrammetry models to evaluate the competences in visual testing of welds

The present work describes a new learning methodology based on the latest scientific research aimed at the three-dimensional macro-photogrammetric reconstruction of welds, which allows the generation of teaching materials aimed at the acquisition and evaluation of competencies in the non-destructive testing laboratory activities without the need for a physical displacement to the physical installation. This methodology, which can be cataloged within those based on virtual laboratories, is applicable in e-learning courses or can also be used as support material for face-to-face programs, mainly in the bachelor’s and master’s related to mechanical, naval and aeronautical engineering. The distribution of the packages is easy to load in learning management system in order to work with the models with open software, easily and without the need for additional cost

Weld bead detection based on 3D geometric features and machine learning approaches

14 p.Weld bead detection is essential for automated welding inspection processes. The non-invasive passive techniques, such as photogrammetry, are quickly evolving to provide a 3D point cloud with submillimeter precision and spatial resolution. However, its application in weld visual inspection has not been extensively studied. The derived 3D point clouds, despite the lack of topological information, store significant information for the weld-plaque segmentation. Although the weld bead detection is being carried out over images or based on laser profiles, its characterization by means of 3D geometrical features has not been assessed. Moreover, it is possible to combine machine learning approaches and the 3D features in order to realize the full potential of the weld bead segmentation of 3D submillimeter point clouds. In this paper, the novelty is focused on the study of 3D features on real cases to identify the most relevant ones for weld bead detection on the basis of the information gain. For this novel contribution, the influence of neighborhood size for covariance matrix computation, decision tree algorithms, and split criteria are analyzed to assess the optimal results. The classification accuracy is evaluated by the degree of agreement of the classified data by the kappa index and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The experimental results show that the proposed novel methodology performs better than 0.85 for the kappa index and better than 0.95 for ROC area.S

Interpretation of cavitation using CFD simulation as a low-cost learning activity compatible with e-learning

7 p.In this conference paper, an activity based on computational fluid dynamics that allows STEM students to know the phenomenon of cavitation is proposed. Cavitation is a dangerous phenomenon that occurs in pressurized fluid when they rapidly change of pressure in a liquid and a small vapor-filled cavity is generated in regions where the pressure is low. These cavities (or bubbles) are highly damaging to machines and fluid systems. Due to its dangerousness, it is necessary for the engineer to know the consequences of the cavitation and the factors involved in the phenomenon, in order to design solutions that avoid or minimize the damage caused. The design process of the activity starts with a critical analysis to cover the requirements that allow the activity to be carried out in the simplest way possible, using a model and a simplified computational pipeline that allows maximum adaptation to the real phenomenon without the need for laboratory equipment so that it can be integrated into subjects in the field of fluid-mechanics and maintenance engineeringS

Asking about Risk in a Company: A New Approach to Learning ISO 45001 in Engineering Programs

[EN], This paper proposes a workflow so that engineering scholars can learn to ask effective questions to establish systems of consultation to workers following the indications of the international standard ISO 45001 “Occupational health and safety management systems” (Chapter 5.1) in the context of a medium-size developer and construction company. The methodology has been specifically designed to assess whether it is possible for students to acquire skills in ISO 45001 by developing an innovative method for their own employee questionnaires, and this new standard requires professionals who know how to apply the fundamentals in an industrial context. An experiment with 31 mechanical engineering students was carried out. The new methodology was applied based on three learning levels: large group, working group, and individual student. Different research instruments have been applied to evaluate how they perceive the activity with respect to the usefulness for learning and adaptation to reality. It has also tried to evaluate the subjective sensation during the development of the activity: feelings of happiness, self-confidence, and satisfaction of the scholars. The results show that students considered the activity as interesting, useful for learning, and adapted to reality, posing an important challenge that may have served to improve intrinsic motivation in the learning of management systemsS

Simulation of a Real Call for Research Projects as Activity to Acquire Research Skills: Perception Analysis of Teacher Candidates

17 p.In this research, a novel methodology based on the simulation of a call for research projects was applied for the training of STEM secondary school teachers, with results raised and analyzed to determine the response of the students to this new methodology. The activity was applied in the same course during two academic years with student groups from very different teaching specialties such as mathematics, physics and chemistry, biology and geology, technology and health processes who were studying the Master’s Degree in Secondary Education, specifically, the 3 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) course of Initiation to Educational Research (IER), this Master’s course being mandatory for working as a secondary professor. The Master’s students are asked to write their own research project proposals for a fictitious call on a topic freely chosen by them, which might have been related to the research line of the final Master’s thesis. In it, they had to propose all the contents studied in the course (such as writing a brief state of the art, establishing a research team, setting objectives, a description of the methodology for educational research, instruments, a plan for the dissemination of the results, the needed resources, etc.). The students’ perceptions of the usefulness and reality of what they had learned for their professional development and for writing their final theses were assessed. The results based on the perceptions of the students demonstrate that the activity had been useful for assimilating concepts related to educational research in the context of secondary education (research skills), which will be useful for improving the critical sense of the students (teacher candidates) and for their professional future in the context of applied research in day-to-day secondary teacher activities. Furthermore, the results show the activity was useful for the development of the final Master’s thesis. The difficult aspects that the activity presented for them were analyzed. The results were statistically compared for the students of the different specialties, deducing, in all cases, a homogeneous good acceptance with slight differences between themS

A process of rumor scotching on finite populations

Rumor spreading is a ubiquitous phenomenon in social and technological networks. Traditional models consider that the rumor is propagated by pairwise interactions between spreaders and ignorants. Spreaders can become stiflers only after contacting spreaders or stiflers. Here we propose a model that considers the traditional assumptions, but stiflers are active and try to scotch the rumor to the spreaders. An analytical treatment based on the theory of convergence of density dependent Markov chains is developed to analyze how the final proportion of ignorants behaves asymptotically in a finite homogeneously mixing population. We perform Monte Carlo simulations in random graphs and scale-free networks and verify that the results obtained for homogeneously mixing populations can be approximated for random graphs, but are not suitable for scale-free networks. Furthermore, regarding the process on a heterogeneous mixing population, we obtain a set of differential equations that describes the time evolution of the probability that an individual is in each state. Our model can be applied to study systems in which informed agents try to stop the rumor propagation. In addition, our results can be considered to develop optimal information dissemination strategies and approaches to control rumor propagation.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure

Application of Thermography in Education: A Bibliometric and Meta-Analysis

[EN] From engineering and physics to health sciences are only a few of the professional topics where infrared thermography is usually applied. Future professionals need to be thoroughly taught in its use and familiar with its fundamentals for this reason. However, because of the high cost and the difficulty in evaluating the outcomes of using this technology in teaching and learning, it may be difficult to acquire the necessary skills and to design educational research that can be used to evaluate the learning potential of the tool. Furthermore, thermography is a physical instrument that can be used to enhance the competencies acquired at different educational levels. In this work, a bibliometric analysis is implemented from a Scopus ® dataset to analyse the trend and evolution of the work linking thermography and education, also the main sources of the works. Additionally, a meta-analysis will be implemented to draw a network map for co-occurrences in order to identify the different subtopics from the relationship between the scientific works published. Since infrared thermography oriented to education is a lowly explored topic, this work may be a starting point for new developments and research lines.S

Learning and comprehension of terrain representation in cartographic design

7 p.One of the usual tasks of engineers in Geomatics and Surveying is the representation of the terrain for different purposes. Within the teaching of Geomatic Engineering bachelor, the skills related to the critical assessment, contextualization, and interoperability of said terrain models require further development so that future professionals can improve their understanding of the problem, and can address day-to-day problems of fusion of data from different sources and qualities. This contribution focuses on the cartographic problem of integrating different terrain representations from various official sources and with different specifications. To this end, a teaching-learning activity based on the use of data and free software is proposed to enhance the preparation and skills of future geomatics engineering professionals, providing them with added value. The present methodology complies with the requirements of reality, economy and quality established in the scientific literatureS