IMPACTO Y ADICIONALIDAD DE LOS SUBSIDIOS PÚBLICOS A LA I+D+I PRIVADA. UN ANÁLISIS DE LA EFECTIVIDAD DE LOS APOYOS DEL PEI EN SONORA

En México toman relevancia las subvenciones públicas directas como instrumento de apoyo a la innovación empresarial, a partir del año 2009, al iniciar entonces el Programa de Estímulos a la Innovación (PEI). Aunque ha pasado casi una década desde que se introdujeron los primeros subsidios de este tipo, existe muy poca evidencia empírica convincente y confiable sobre sus impactos y efectividad. Este estudio tiene como objetivo llenar dos vacíos de investigación relacionados con este tema. En primer lugar, analizar el impacto de los apoyos públicos directos (subsidios) otorgados a las empresas sonorenses en el marco del Programa de Estímulos a la Innovación bajo el enfoque de la adicionalidad, analizando no solo el efecto sobre los recursos que las empresas destinan a la innovación (adicionalidad de input) sino también los efectos sobre los indicadores de competitividad y desempeño empresarial. En segundo lugar, examinar los efectos mediadores de diversos factores entre los subsidios públicos y los tipos de adicionalidad señalados, mediante la construcción de un modelo que permita evaluar el peso predictivo de aspectos relacionados con las características de las empresas y los relacionados con las características del proyecto. Para el primer propósito el documento considera dos niveles de impacto potencial: la adicionalidad de input y la adicionalidad de output. Con información proveniente de una encuesta propia aplicada a una muestra de 39 empresas beneficiarias del programa ubicadas en la ciudad de Hermosillo, encontramos evidencia de un efecto de contribución neta entre los subsidios otorgados por el PEI y los recursos de I+D+I de las empresas beneficiarias, por un lado, y los indicadores de desempeño empresarial y desempeño en innovación, por el otro. La información obtenida mediante la encuesta permitió también diseñar un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, mediante el criterio de información de Akaike, que incorpora distintos factores que actúan como mediadores del efecto de los subsidios sobre los indicadores de adicionalidad considerados

Childhood trauma and the rs1360780 SNP of FKBP5 gene in psychosis: a replication in two general population samples

FKBP5 gene interacts with childhood trauma in the risk for several stress-related psychiatric disorders including subclinical psychosis. The present study examined whether variation at the rs1360780 SNP of FKBP5 gene moderated the association between childhood abuse and psychotic experiences. The discovery sample included 437 individuals and the replication sample included 305, all drawn from the general population. In both samples, a significant gene-environment interaction effect was detected indicating that T allele homozygotes of the FKBP5 gene scored significantly higher on positive PEs after exposure to childhood abuse compared to CC carriers.Ministry of Science and Innovation. SAF2008-05674-C03-00 SAF2008-05674-C03-03 PI12/00018 PNSD2008-I090 PNSD2009-I019. Institute of Health Carlos III CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM) Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca, DIUE, Generalitat de Catalunya 2014SGR1636 ERA-NET NEURON PIM2010-ERN-00642 Fundacio Caixa Castello-Bancaixa P1.1B2010-40 P1.1B2011-4

Psychosis-inducing effects of cannabis are related to both childhood abuse and COMT genotypes

OBJECTIVE: To test whether the association between childhood abuse, cannabis use and psychotic experiences (PEs) was moderated by the COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene. METHOD: Psychotic experiences (PEs), childhood abuse, cannabis use and COMT Val158Met genotypes were assessed in 533 individuals from the general population. Data were analysed hierarchically by means of multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: Childhood abuse showed a significant main effect on both positive (β = 0.09; SE = 0.04; P = 0.047) and negative PEs (β = 0.11; SE = 0.05; P = 0.038). A significant three-way interaction effect was found among childhood abuse, cannabis use and the COMT gene on positive PEs (β = -0.30; SE = 0.11; P = 0.006). This result suggests that COMT genotypes and cannabis use only influenced PE scores among individuals exposed to childhood abuse. Furthermore, exposure to childhood abuse and cannabis use increased PE scores in Val carriers. However, in individuals exposed to childhood abuse but who did not use cannabis, PEs increased as a function of the Met allele copies of the COMT gene. CONCLUSION: Cannabis use after exposure to childhood abuse may have opposite effects on the risk of PEs, depending on the COMT genotypes providing evidence for a qualitative interaction. Val carriers exposed to childhood abuse are vulnerable to the psychosis-inducing effects of cannabis

A vision based aerial rbot solution for the IARC 2014 by the Technical University of Madrid

The IARC competitions aim at making the state of the art in UAV progress. The 2014 challenge deals mainly with GPS/Laser denied navigation, Robot-Robot interaction and Obstacle avoidance in the setting of a ground robot herding problem. We present in this paper a drone which will take part in this competition. The platform and hardware it is composed of and the software we designed are introduced. This software has three main components: the visual information acquisition, the mapping algorithm and the Aritificial Intelligence mission planner. A statement of the safety measures integrated in the drone and of our efforts to ensure field testing in conditions as close as possible to the challenge?s is also included

The economic value of additional airport departure capacity

This article presents a model for the economic value of extra capacity at an airport. The model is based on a series of functional relationships linking the benefits of extra capacity and the associated costs. It takes into account the cost of delay for airlines and its indirect consequences on the airport, through the loss or gain of aeronautical and non-aeronautical revenues. The model is highly data-driven and to this end a number of data sources have been used. In particular, special care has been used to take into account the full distribution of delay at the airports rather than its average only. The results with the simple version of the model show the existence of a unique maximum for the operating profit of the airport in terms of capacity. The position of this maximum is clearly dependent on the airport and also has an interesting behaviour with the average number of passenger per aircraft at the airport and the predictability of the flight departure times. In addition, we also show that there exists an important trade-off between an increased predictability and the punctuality at the airport. Finally, it is shown that a more complex behavioural model for passengers can introduce several local maxima in the airport profit and thus drive the airport towards suboptimal decisions

A large glyptodontidae in the early Holocene of the Pampean Region, Argentina

We present here the record of a very large glyptodont (1,900 to 2,370 kg); it is a right humerous distal epiphysis (RPCR 1021) coming from the early Holocene (8,480 ± 130 years 14C cal. BP) of the Pampean Region (Los Pozos, Marcos Paz, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) and we assign it to Doedicurus Burmeister cf. D. Clavicaudatus (Owen). The youngest record for a glyptodont (7,839 ±102 years 14C cal. BP) corresponds to Doedicurus clavicaudatus. Finally we discuss the possible explanations of the great size attained by glyptodonts at the end of the Lujanian age (late Pleistocene-early Holocene).É dado a conhecer um exemplar de grande tamanho de gliptodonte (massa corporal estimada entre 1900 a 2370 kg) atribuído a Doedicurus cf. D. clavicaudatus (Owen). Trata-se de uma porção distal de úmero direito (RPCR 1021), procedente do Holoceno inicial (8.480 ± 130 anos 14C cal. AP) da Região Pampeana, Los Pozos, partido de Marcos Paz, Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. O registro mais moderno para os gliptodontes (7.839 ±102 anos 14C AP) corresponde a esta mesma espécie. Finalmente, são discutidas as explicações acerca do aumento de tamanho dos gliptodontes para o final do Lujanense (Pleistoceno final-Holoceno inicial).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoCentro de Investigaciones Geológica

A large glyptodontidae in the early Holocene of the Pampean Region, Argentina

We present here the record of a very large glyptodont (1,900 to 2,370 kg); it is a right humerous distal epiphysis (RPCR 1021) coming from the early Holocene (8,480 ± 130 years 14C cal. BP) of the Pampean Region (Los Pozos, Marcos Paz, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) and we assign it to Doedicurus Burmeister cf. D. Clavicaudatus (Owen). The youngest record for a glyptodont (7,839 ±102 years 14C cal. BP) corresponds to Doedicurus clavicaudatus. Finally we discuss the possible explanations of the great size attained by glyptodonts at the end of the Lujanian age (late Pleistocene-early Holocene).É dado a conhecer um exemplar de grande tamanho de gliptodonte (massa corporal estimada entre 1900 a 2370 kg) atribuído a Doedicurus cf. D. clavicaudatus (Owen). Trata-se de uma porção distal de úmero direito (RPCR 1021), procedente do Holoceno inicial (8.480 ± 130 anos 14C cal. AP) da Região Pampeana, Los Pozos, partido de Marcos Paz, Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. O registro mais moderno para os gliptodontes (7.839 ±102 anos 14C AP) corresponde a esta mesma espécie. Finalmente, são discutidas as explicações acerca do aumento de tamanho dos gliptodontes para o final do Lujanense (Pleistoceno final-Holoceno inicial).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoCentro de Investigaciones Geológica

Identifying priorities, targets, and actions for the long-term social and ecological management of invasive non-native species

Funding: The research and the workshop (December-2019; Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina) described in this manuscript were funded by the CONTAIN programme under the Latin American Biodiversity Programme as part of the Newton Fund (NE/S011641/1), with contributions from NERC, the Argentine National Scientific & Technical Research Council (CONICET,-2019-74-APN-DIR#CONICET), the Brazilian São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2018/14995-8), and the Chilean Agency for Research and Development (ANID; formerly CONICYT). Acknowledgments Thanks to the colleagues who replied to our informal questions about the usefulness of the methods and procedures described here. This informal survey of colleagues to obtain an initial critical evaluation was aligned with the policies relevant to the authors who contacted the participants. No one else had access to the responses and identities of the respondents. Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Gobierno de Chile, is one of the CONTAIN project partners, and it is represented by ER in this paper. However, the opinions and results presented in this document are entirely those of ER and may not represent SAG position on the topic. The Associate Editor and two reviewers provided feedback that helped improve a previous version of the manuscript. Open access via Springer compact agreementPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Effects of intubation timing in patients with COVID-19 throughout the four waves of the pandemic : a matched analysis

The primary aim of our study was to investigate the association between intubation timing and hospital mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. We also analysed both the impact of such timing throughout the first four pandemic waves and the influence of prior non-invasive respiratory support on outcomes. This is a secondary analysis of a multicentre, observational and prospective cohort study that included all consecutive patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation due to COVID-19 from across 58 Spanish intensive care units (ICU) participating in the CIBERESUCICOVID project. The study period was between 29 February 2020 and 31 August 2021. Early intubation was defined as that occurring within the first 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to achieve balance across baseline variables between the early intubation cohort and those patients who were intubated after the first 24 h of ICU admission. Differences in outcomes between early and delayed intubation were also assessed. We performed sensitivity analyses to consider a different timepoint (48 h from ICU admission) for early and delayed intubation. Of the 2725 patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation, a total of 614 matched patients were included in the analysis (307 for each group). In the unmatched population, there were no differences in mortality between the early and delayed groups. After PS matching, patients with delayed intubation presented higher hospital mortality (27.3% versus 37.1%, p =0.01), ICU mortality (25.7% versus 36.1%, p=0.007) and 90-day mortality (30.9% versus 40.2%, p=0.02) when compared to the early intubation group. Very similar findings were observed when we used a 48-hour timepoint for early or delayed intubation. The use of early intubation decreased after the first wave of the pandemic (72%, 49%, 46% and 45% in the first, second, third and fourth wave, respectively; first versus second, third and fourth waves p<0.001). In both the main and sensitivity analyses, hospital mortality was lower in patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula (n=294) who were intubated earlier. The subgroup of patients undergoing NIV (n=214) before intubation showed higher mortality when delayed intubation was set as that occurring after 48 h from ICU admission, but not when after 24 h. In patients with COVID-19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, delayed intubation was associated with a higher risk of hospital mortality. The use of early intubation significantly decreased throughout the course of the pandemic. Benefits of such an approach occurred more notably in patients who had received high-flow nasal cannul