El papel de las redes sociales en la formación de niños/as y adolescentes

págs. 49-69Capítulo incluido en el libro: Ciberacoso y violencia de género en redes sociales: análisis y herramientas de prevención. María Ángeles Verdejo Espinosa (Coordinadora). Sevilla: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2015. ISBN: 978-84-7993-281-7. Enlace: http://hdl.handle.net/10334/352

Social Work and Accessibility of Persons with Disabilities in Mexico: Hidden Barriers

This article proposes that a thorough understanding of the concept of diversity should facilitate the full inclusion of all people in society. Furthermore, it proposes that we should look at diversity and inclusion from a community perspective. Consistent with these premises, Mexico has recently taken a significant leap forward by developing programs to serve functionally diverse people. Most significantly, the federal government has created the National Program for the Wellbeing and Development of People with Disabilities that is sponsored by the executive branch of government. The creation of this program followed the dissemination by the National System for the Integral Development of Families, of the work conducted by the National Board for the Development and Inclusion of People with Disabilities (CONADIS, in Spanish), the Advisory Council for the People with Disabilities, other civic organizations, and people with disabilities and their families. The authors conclude that, in spite of the considerable progress observed, there are still invisible or hidden barriers to a full social integration of persons with disabilities

Valoración e interpretación de la intervención sobre la historia social única electrónica

21 páginas.Capítulo incluido en el libro: Informe de Evaluación del Proyecto RESISOR "Regional Single Social Record". M.ª Dolores Muñoz de Dios y José Ignacio García Pérez (autores). Sevilla: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2019. ISBN 978-84-7993-344-9. Enlace: http://hdl.handle.net/10334/3938. En este capítulo se muestra la fundamentación que rige la acción de valoración e interpretación de la intervención sobre la HSUE como actividad de evaluación para el Proyecto RESISOR. Con ella se expone la estructura de trabajo realizada que se ha basado en los Grupos de Discusión como técnica de investigación desarrollada, mostrando la configuración y perfiles de los grupos, así como los resultados principales obtenidos según las categorías de análisis estipuladas en función de los objetivos planteados

Relationship between oral Kaposi ?s sarcoma and HAART : Contribution of two case reports

Two HIV infected patients not receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) presented with epidemic Kaposi?s sarcoma of the oral cavity. One patient initially refused HAART, but when the lesion became large enough to be noticeable he agreed to HAART associated with excision of the intraoral lesion by CO2 laser. The other patient developed KS and progressed to AIDS at two years after ceasing HAART due to adverse effects; he was referred to hospital for renewed administration of HAART. In both cases, the lesions observed in the oral cavity were the first clinical manifestation of AIDS. These reports underline the close relationship between the use of HAART and the control of KS lesions, highlighting the important role of the dentist in the identification and early diagnosis of these oral lesions

Redefiniendo el Trabajo Social: nuevos yacimimientos de empleo en el envejecimiento. Una propuesta desde la intervención social

We are in a socio-demographic context in which the number of people in need of care, mainly people over the age of 65, a majority collective today, in Spain, is increasing progressively. This leads to new demands and expectations about the attention paid. This means that social intervention is facing a great challenge. So far, the forms of social intervention and care provided by the system do not seem to fully meet emerging needs, mainly because of their poor adaptation to new social contexts and lifestyles.Socially professional figures such as that of the personal assistant represent a profitable and sustainable investment in the context of the care and provision of services, since, from the professional practice of Social Work, as well as from the academic prism or researcher, it is a bet so that people in dependency can carry out their life project with freedom and independence. Therefore, this work aims on the one hand to make visible the needs perceived and expressed by the elderly and/or in a situation of dependence, as well as their demands and, on the other hand, to define a new professional figure conceptualized as Technical of Personal Autonomy and Prevention of dependency (TAP) that responds to the challenges posed through the implementation of new interventions based on the paradigm of universal accessibility and design for all people.Nos encontramos en un contexto sociodemográfico en el que aumenta progresivamente el número de personas que necesitan de cuidados, principalmente personas mayores de 65 años, colectivo mayoritario en la actualidad, en España. Ello genera que aparezcan nuevas demandas y expectativas sobre la atención prestada. Esto supone para la intervención social enfrentarse a un gran reto. Hasta el momento, las formas de intervención social y de atención proporcionados por el sistema, no parecen cubrir con plenitud las necesidades emergentes, fundamentalmente por su escasa adaptación a los nuevos contextos sociales y estilos de vida. Socialmente figuras profesionales como la del/ de la asistente personal suponen una inversión provechosa y sostenible en el contexto de la atención y prestación de servicios, puesto que, desde la praxis profesional del Trabajo Social, así como desde el prisma académico o investigador, supone una apuesta para que las personas en situación de dependencia puedan llevar a cabo su proyecto de vida con libertad e independencia. Por ello, en este trabajo se pretende por un lado visibilizar las necesidades percibidas y expresadas por las personas mayores y/o en situación de dependencia, así como sus demandas  y, por otro, definir  una nueva figura profesional conceptualizada como Técnico/a de Autonomía Personal y Prevención de la Dependencia (TAP) que de respuesta a los retos planteados a través de la implementación de las nuevas intervenciones basadas en el paradigma de accesibilidad universal y diseño para todas las personas

Caffeine Intake throughout Pregnancy, and Factors Associated with Non-Compliance with Recommendations: A Cohort Study

Maternal caffeine consumption is associated with adverse gestational outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the intake of caffeine and factors associated with the non-adherence to caffeine intake recommendations in a cohort of 463 women before (T0) and in each trimester of gestation (T1, T2, and T3), by using validated questionnaires. Caffeine intake (median (mg/day), IQR) was 100.0 (181.1) at T0, 9.42 (66.2) at T1, 12.5 (65.6) at T2, and 14.0 (61.1) at T3 (p < 0.001). Non-compliance prevalence (intake > 200 mg/day) was 6.2% at T1, 4.2% at T2, and 2.7% at T3. Not being an active smoker at T1 (OR = 0.17; 95% CI 0.05–0.59) and T2 (OR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.09–0.52), adherence to the Mediterranean Diet at T1 (OR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.28–0.88) and T2 (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.15–1.02), and moderate physical activity at T1 (OR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.28–0.88) were inversely associated with caffeine consumption. Although caffeine intake may be considered low, intake prevalence increases throughout pregnancy. Although the main source of caffeine during pregnancy is coffee, attention must be also paid to the increasingly intake of chocolate, of which the effect during pregnancy is controversial. Smoking, non-adherence to a good quality diet, and light physical activity are associated with a higher caffeine intake and a lower compliance with caffeine intake recommendations. Perinatal dietary and lifestyle educational policies are needed.(PROY-PP 2015-01) University of Granad

Pilot study for the implementation of metabolic study in patients with urinary stones in a local hospital following reccomendations of urolithiasis asistencial process

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio piloto fue analizar los primeros resultados tras la implantación del estudio metabólico según las recomendaciones del Proceso Asistencial Integrado de Urolitiasis de la Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía en nuestra área de salud. Material y Métodos: Estudio piloto prospectivo que incluye a una cohorte de 16 pacientes a los que se realiza un estudio metabólico por presentar litiasis múltiple/de repetición tras la implantación de un protocolo, posterior a un análisis DAFO. Se analiza coste del estudio metabólico, resultados del estudio metabólico y realización de tratamiento individualizado. Además se analizan los costes directos/indirectos de la litiasis urinaria y la necesidad e indicación de estudio metabólico, así como cumplimiento de indicador de calidad asistencial. Resultados: De los 16 pacientes a los que se realizó el estudio, se observa que se cumple en el 100% el indicador estudiado de prescripción de estudio metabólico en pacientes con litiasis de riesgo. Se detecta una o más alteraciones metabólicas en el 75% de los pacientes, lo que conlleva unas pautas de tratamiento médico individuales que facilitarán la reducción de las recidivas y el ahorro económico de costes directos/indirectos derivado de la litiasis. El coste medio del estudio metabólico por paciente fue de 37.7 euros. Conclusión: La elaboración de un protocolo previo de un análisis de situación, junto con la solicitud de un estudio metabólico y un tratamiento individual es una medida de calidad en salud en los pacientes con litiasis urinaria que presumiblemente favorecerá la reducción de la recidiva y de los costes.Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the first results after implantation of the metabolic study as recommended by the care process Integrated Urolitiasis of the Ministry of Health of the Government of Andalusia in our health area. Material and Methods: Prospective pilot study including a cohort of 16 patients in whom a metabolic study is performed to present multiple/recurrent stones after implantation of protocol, a posterior to a SWOT analysis. Cost metabolic study, results of metabolic study and implementation of individualized treatment is analyzed. Besides the direct / indirect costs of urolithiasis and the need and indication of metabolic study and compliance indicator of quality are analyzed. Results: Of the 16 patients that the study was conducted, it appears that the prescription studied metabolic study in patients with nephrolithiasis risk indicator is fulfilled in 100%. One or more alterations in 75% of patients is detected, leading to a single medical treatment guidelines that facilitate reducing recurrence and economic saving direct/indirect costs arising from the stones. The average cost of metabolic study per patient is 37.7 euros. Conclusion: The development of a protocol, previous a situation analysis, together with the application of a metabolic study and individual treatment is a measure of health quality in patients with nephrolithiasis presumably favor the reduction of recurrence and costs

Prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en escolares de la provincia de Cádiz. Estudio cuasiexperimental de la efectividad de una intervención multicomponente. PREVIENE-CÁDIZ. Informe de resultados.

En el presente documento se muestran los informes de los principales resultados obtenidos de la evaluación de los escolares participantes en el proyecto "Prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en escolares de la provincia de Cádiz. Estudio cuasiexperimental de la efectividad de una intervención multicomponente. PREVIENE-CÁDIZ", mostrándose la comparativa entre el global de la muestra del estudio y segmentando por cada centro escolar participante, con el objetivo de que los centros escolares que han participado en el estudio puedan comprobar el estado de salud en el que se encuentran sus estudiantes con respecto al total de la provincia de Cádiz. De esta forma cada centro puede comprobar en qué aspectos (alimentación, actividad física, sedentarismo y/o descanso) deben hacer hincapié para mejorar el estado de salud de los estudiantes, tanto actuales como futuros.European ITI project PI-0007-2017477 página

Characterization of the platelet phenotype caused by a germline RUNX1 Variant in a CRISPR/Cas9-generated murine model

RUNX1-related disorder (RUNX1-RD) is caused by germline variants affecting the RUNX1 gene. This rare, heterogeneous disorder has no specific clinical or laboratory phenotype, making genetic diagnosis necessary. Although international recommendations have been established to classify the pathogenicity of variants, identifying the causative alteration remains a challenge in RUNX1-RD. Murine models may be useful not only for definitively settling the controversy about the pathogenicity of certain RUNX1 variants, but also for elucidating the mechanisms of molecular pathogenesis. Therefore, we developed a knock-in murine model, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, carrying the RUNX1 p.Leu43Ser variant (mimicking human p.Leu56Ser) to study its pathogenic potential and mechanisms of platelet dysfunction. A total number of 75 mice were generated; 25 per genotype (RUNX1WT/WT, RUNX1WT/L43S, and RUNX1L43S/L43S). Platelet phenotype was assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. On average, RUNX1L43S/L43S and RUNX1WT/L43S mice had a significantly longer tail-bleeding time than RUNX1WT/WT mice, indicating the variant's involvement in hemostasis. However, only homozygous mice displayed mild thrombocytopenia. RUNX1L43S/L43S and RUNX1WT/L43S displayed impaired agonist-induced spreading and α-granule release, with no differences in δ-granule secretion. Levels of integrin αIIbβ3 activation, fibrinogen binding, and aggregation were significantly lower in platelets from RUNX1L43S/L43S and RUNX1WT/L43S using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and high thrombin doses. Lower levels of PKC phosphorylation in RUNX1L43S/L43S and RUNX1WT/L43S suggested that the PKC-signaling pathway was impaired. Overall, we demonstrated the deleterious effect of the RUNX1 p.Leu56Ser variant in mice via the impairment of integrin αIIbβ3 activation, aggregation, α-granule secretion, and platelet spreading, mimicking the phenotype associated with RUNX1 variants in the clinical setting.This work was partially supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Feder (PI17/01311, PI17/01966, and CB15/00055), Fundación Séneca (19873/GERM/15), Gerencia Regional de Salud (GRS 2061A/19 and 1647/A/17), Fundación Mutua Madrileña (FMM, AP172142019), and Sociedad Española de Trombosis y Hemostasia (SETH-FETH; Premio López Borrasca 2019 and Ayuda a Grupos de Trabajo en Patología Hemorrágica 2019). The authors' research on IPDs is conducted in accordance with the aims of the Functional and Molecular Characterization of Patients with Inherited Platelet Disorders Project, which is supported by the Hemorrhagic Diathesis Working Group of the Spanish Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. A.M.-Q., C.F.-I., and L.H.-C. were supported by predoctoral grants from the Junta de Castilla y León, Spain. E.V. was supported by the predoctoral grant from the University of Salamanca, Spain. IG-T and RB were supported by "Contratos postdoctorales Programa II) from the University of Salamanca, Spain

C3G, through its GEF activity, induces megakaryocytic differentiation and proplatelet formation

[Background]: Megakaryopoiesis allows platelet formation, which is necessary for coagulation, also playing an important role in different pathologies. However, this process remains to be fully characterized. C3G, an activator of Rap1 GTPases, is involved in platelet activation and regulates several differentiation processes. [Methods]: We evaluated C3G function in megakaryopoiesis using transgenic mouse models where C3G and C3GΔCat (mutant lacking the GEF domain) transgenes are expressed exclusively in megakaryocytes and platelets. In addition, we used different clones of K562, HEL and DAMI cell lines with overexpression or silencing of C3G or GATA-1. [Results]: We found that C3G participates in the differentiation of immature hematopoietic cells to megakaryocytes. Accordingly, bone marrow cells from transgenic C3G, but not those from transgenic C3GΔCat mice, showed increased expression of the differentiation markers CD41 and CD61, upon thrombopoietin treatment. Furthermore, C3G overexpression increased the number of CD41+ megakaryocytes with high DNA content. These results are supported by data obtained in the different models of megakaryocytic cell lines. In addition, it was uncovered GATA-1 as a positive regulator of C3G expression. Moreover, C3G transgenic megakaryocytes from fresh bone marrow explants showed increased migration from the osteoblastic to the vascular niche and an enhanced ability to form proplatelets. Although the transgenic expression of C3G in platelets did not alter basal platelet counts, it did increase slightly those induced by TPO injection in vivo. Moreover, platelet C3G induced adipogenesis in the bone marrow under pathological conditions. [Conclusions]: All these data indicate that C3G plays a significant role in different steps of megakaryopoiesis, acting through a mechanism dependent on its GEF activity.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [SAF2013–48210-C2–1-R and SAF2016–76588-C2–2-R to CG, SAF2013–48210-C2–2-R and SAF2016–76588-C2–1-R to AP], and by two grants from the Council of Education of Junta de Castilla y León, Spain [SA157A12–1 and SA017U16 to CG]. All funding was cosponsored by the European FEDER Program