Is there a role for aromatic plants in blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) nests? Results from a correlational and an experimental study

Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on). The research was financed by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the strategic program of MARE (MARE-UID/MAR/04292/2020), the project LA/P/0069/2020 granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET, and the transitory norm contract DL57/2016/CP1370/CT89 to ACN. JG-B was supported by an AUIP Mobility Grant, by a FPU Pre-doctoral contract (FPU18/03034) from the Spanish Ministry of Education and by a research project of the National Plan of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CGL2017-84938-P). SIA was supported by ‘Programa de financiamiento parcial para estadías en el exterior para becarios postdoctorales’ from Argentinian National Scientific and Technical Research Council and ‘Becas de movilidad con perspectiva de género’ from Production, Science and Technology Ministry of Santa Fe Province, Argentina.The utility of fresh green material in avian nests is still not fully understood. Potential explanations include the effects of plants' volatile compounds on parasite reduction (nest protection hypothesis) or direct beneficial effects on nestling condition (drug hypothesis). We used correlative data collected during 2020 and 2021 in a Mediterranean population of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) as well as experimental data (aromatic nest content manipulation) to assess the effects of aromatic plant use on nestling physiological condition and survival, nest-dwelling ectoparasitic pressure and its relationship with breeding parameters. We found that aromatic plants were disproportionally used in relation to their abundance in the environment and that their use was positively related to egg mass (but only in 2020). Blowflies and facultative parasitic mites were more frequent in nests with aromatics compared to nests without aromatics, but obligatory parasitic mites were less abundant in nests with aromatics. However, no effects of aromatic plants were observed on nestling haemoglobin levels nor erythrocyte sedimentation rate or other physiological health metrics, but the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio was higher in nests with the highest quantity of aromatics. The artificial addition of mint reduced the flea abundance, but 7-day old nestlings showed significantly lower colour saturation and brightness in the mouth flange. Nestling survival to fledging was not related to aromatic plant use. Therefore, our results partially support a beneficial effect of aromatic plants in blue tit nests because some ectoparasite groups were reduced. Immediate effects on nestling physiology or survival could not be established. Significance statement: Some avian species place fresh aromatic plant material in their nests, and several non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain its potential functions. In this study, we use both correlational and experimental data from a blue tit population to test two hypotheses, namely the 'nest protection hypothesis' and the 'drug hypothesis'. The first one proposes that aromatic plants have direct repellent effects against ectoparasites, while the latter poses that these plant components benefit nestling condition through the stimulation of some components of the immune system. Our results suggest that some ectoparasites, such as fleas and obligatory parasitic mites, were less abundant in nests where aromatic plants were artificially or naturally added, respectively, but no relationships were detected with nestling physiology or survival, which could be partially explained by our small sample size. Our study partially supports a beneficial effect of aromatic plants in avian nests.FCT|FCCN (b-on)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (MARE-UID/MAR/04292/2020)Associate Laboratory ARNET LA/P/0069/2020AUIP Mobility Grant DL57/2016/CP1370/CT89Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU18/03034)National Plan of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CGL2017-84938-P)Argentinian National Scientific and Technical Research CouncilProduction, Science and Technology Ministry of Santa Fe Province, Argentin

Revisión sistemática de evaluaciones económicas de los sistemas de telemonitorización en los marcapasos.

Introducción y objetivos: En la última década, la telemedicina aplicada a la monitorización de marcapasos cardiacos ha experimentado un extraordinario crecimiento. Se desconoce si esta tecnología tiene una eficiencia diferente de la convencional. El objetivo del estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática analizando la evidencia disponible con respecto al consumo de recursos y los resultados en salud en ambas modalidades de seguimiento. Métodos: La búsqueda se realizó en 11 bases de datos y se incluyeron estudios publicados hasta noviembre de 2014. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: a) diseño experimental u observacional; b) estudios basados en evaluaciones económicas completas; c) pacientes con marcapasos, y d) telemonitorización comparada con la modalidad hospitalaria.post-print284 K

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El rol de la comunicación sanitaria en prensa deportiva = The role of health communication in sports press

Resumen: La transmisión de la información sanitaria a través de los medios de comunicación se ha convertido en la manera más rápida y eficaz de promover la salud pública. En la actualidad el deporte se encuentra en plena expansión económica y social. El deporte genera el 2% del Producto Interior Bruto en Europa. La práctica de la actividad física ayuda a contener el gasto sanitario, seguridad social y, aumenta la productividad. La comunicación en salud a través de la prensa deportiva favorece la promoción de estilos de vida saludables que inciden positivamente en la calidad de vida de la sociedad. Las noticias sanitarias que aparecen en la prensa deportiva suelen estar relacionadas con el estado físico de los deportistas. Palabras clave: Comunicación en salud, medios de comunicación de masas, deportes Abstract: The transmission of the health information through the media has become the fastest and effective of way to promote public health. Today the sport is booming economic and social. The sport generates 2% of Gross Domestic Product in Europe. The practice of physical activity helps to contain health costs, social security and it increases the productivity. Health communication through the sports media favours the promotion of healthy lifestyles that impact positively on the quality of life of society. The health news that appear in the sports media are often related to the physical condition of athletes. Keywords: Health communication, mass media, sport

A Clinical Decision Support System (KNOWBED) to Integrate Scientific Knowledge at the Bedside: Development and Evaluation Study

[Background] The evidence-based medicine (EBM) paradigm requires the development of health care professionals’ skills in the efficient search of evidence in the literature, and in the application of formal rules to evaluate this evidence. Incorporating this methodology into the decision-making routine of clinical practice will improve the patients’ health care, increase patient safety, and optimize resources use.[Objective] The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a new tool (KNOWBED system) as a clinical decision support system to support scientific knowledge, enabling health care professionals to quickly carry out decision-making processes based on EBM during their routine clinical practice.[Methods] Two components integrate the KNOWBED system: a web-based knowledge station and a mobile app. A use case (bronchiolitis pathology) was selected to validate the KNOWBED system in the context of the Paediatrics Unit of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital (Seville, Spain). The validation was covered in a 3-month pilot using 2 indicators: usability and efficacy.[Results] The KNOWBED system has been designed, developed, and validated to support clinical decision making in mobility based on standards that have been incorporated into the routine clinical practice of health care professionals. Using this tool, health care professionals can consult existing scientific knowledge at the bedside, and access recommendations of clinical protocols established based on EBM. During the pilot project, 15 health care professionals participated and accessed the system for a total of 59 times.[Conclusions] The KNOWBED system is a useful and innovative tool for health care professionals. The usability surveys filled in by the system users highlight that it is easy to access the knowledge base. This paper also sets out some improvements to be made in the future.This project has received funding from the Andalusian Ministry of Health from Spain (reference PIN-0213-2016), and FEDER funds.Peer reviewe

P2X7 receptor induces mitochondrial failure in monocytes and compromises NLRP3 inflammasome activation during sepsis

International audienceSepsis is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response followed by immunosuppres-sion of the host. Metabolic defects and mitochondrial failure are common in immunocom-promised patients with sepsis. The NLRP3 inflammasome is important for establishing an inflammatory response after activation by the purinergic P2X7 receptor. Here, we study a cohort of individuals with intra-abdominal origin sepsis and show that patient monocytes have impaired NLRP3 activation by the P2X7 receptor. Furthermore, most sepsis-related deaths are among patients whose NLRP3 activation is profoundly altered. In monocytes from sepsis patients, the P2X7 receptor is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, activation of the P2X7 receptor results in mitochondrial damage, which in turn inhibits NLRP3 activation by HIF-1α. We show that mortality increases in a mouse model of sepsis when the P2X7 receptor is activated in vivo. These data reveal a molecular mechanism initiated by the P2X7 receptor that contributes to NLRP3 impairment during infection

Costos directos de atención médica de accidentes de tránsito en Bogotá D.C.

Objetivo Determinar los costos de atención médica generados por la accidentalidad vial en Bogotá.Metodología Estudio observacionalprospectivo con datos de pacientes mayores de edad atendidos en la central de urgencias de 6 instituciones hospitalarias.ResultadosEl promedio del costo totalde atenciónpor paciente fue de $1112000 El costo promedio día de paciente hospitalizado fue de$1200000. Pacientes con atención ambulatoria tuvieron un costo promedio de $247400. El costo promedio por accidente se calculó en$2333700. Los costos médicos por accidentes en el periodo de análisis en Bogotá fueron aproximadamente $2301028200. Cifras en pesos de 2011.ConclusionesLos costos de la atención médica de los accidentes de tránsito constituyen una carga económica considerabl

Direct costs involved in providing medical attention associated with traffic accidents in Bogotá

Objetivo Determinar los costos de atención médica generados por la accidentalidad vial en Bogotá. Metodología Estudio observacional prospectivo con datos de pacientes mayores de edad atendidos en la central de urgencias de 6 instituciones hospitalarias. Resultados El promedio del costo total de atención por paciente fue de $1 112 000 el costo promedio día de paciente hospitalizado fue de$1 200 000. Pacientes con atención ambulatoria tuvieron un costo promedio de $247400. El costo promedio por accidente se calculó en$2 333 700. Los costos médicos por accidentes en el periodo de análisis en Bogotá fueron aproximadamente $2 301 028 200. Cifras en pesos colombianos de 2011. Conclusiones Los costos de la atención médica de los accidentes de tránsito constituyen una carga económica considerable.Objective To determine the cost of medical attention associated with traffic accidents in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods Prospective observational study with data from adult patients attended to in the emergency centers of 6 hospitals. Results Average total cost per patient was$1 112 000 COP. Average daily cost of hospitalized patients was $1 200 000 COP. Average cost of ambulatory treated patients ascended to$247 400 COP. Cost per accident calculated was $2 333 700 COP. In the whole city during study period, total medical costs were around$2 301 028 200 COP. All data was expressed in 2011 colombian pesos. Conclusion The medical cost of transit accidents is a significant economic burden

Direct costs involved in providing medical attention associated with traffic accidents in Bogotá

Objetivo Determinar los costos de atención médica generados por la accidentalidad vial en Bogotá. Metodología Estudio observacional prospectivo con datos de pacientes mayores de edad atendidos en la central de urgencias de 6 instituciones hospitalarias. Resultados El promedio del costo totalde atención por paciente fue de $1'112.000 El costo promedio día de paciente hospitalizado fue de$1'200.000. Pacientes con atención ambulatoria tuvieron un costo promedio de $247.400. El costo promedio por accidente se calculó en$2'333.700. Los costos médicos por accidentes en el periodo de análisis en Bogotá fueron aproximadamente $2.301'028.200. Cifras en pesos de 2011. Conclusiones Los costos de la atención médica de los accidentes de tránsito constituyen una carga económica considerable.Artículo de investigación673-682Objective To determine the cost of medical attention associated with traffic accidents in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods Prospective observational study with data from adult patients attended to in the emergency centers of 6 hospitals. Results Average total cost per patient was$1'112.000 COP. Average daily cost of hospitalized patients was $1'200.000 COP. Average cost of ambulatory treated patients ascended to$247.400 COP. Cost per accident calculated was $2'333.700 COP. In the whole city during study period, total medical costs were around$2.301'028.200 COP. All data was expressed in 2011 Colombian pesos

Effects of lng Mutations on LngA Expression, Processing, and CS21 Assembly in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli E9034A

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of morbidity in children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries and a leading cause of traveler's diarrhea worldwide. The ability of ETEC to colonize the intestinal epithelium is mediated by fimbrial adhesins, such as CS21 (Longus). This adhesin is a type IVb pilus involved in adherence to intestinal cells in vitro and bacterial self-aggregation. Fourteen open reading frames have been proposed to be involved in CS21 assembly, hitherto only the lngA and lngB genes, coding for the major (LngA) and minor (LngB) structural subunit, have been characterized. In this study, we investigated the role of the LngA, LngB, LngC, LngD, LngH, and LngP proteins in the assembly of CS21 in ETEC strain E9034A. The deletion of the lngA, lngB, lngC, lngD, lngH, or lngP genes, abolished CS21 assembly in ETEC strain E9034A and adherence to HT-29 cells was reduced 90%, compared to wild-type strain. Subcellular localization prediction of CS21 proteins was similar to other well-known type IV pili homologues. We showed that LngP is the prepilin peptidase of LngA, and that ETEC strain E9034A has another peptidase capable of processing LngA, although with less efficiency. Additionally, we present immuno-electron microscopy imagens to show that the LngB protein could be localized at the tip of CS21, and probably helps to control CS21 length. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the LngA, LngB, LngC, LngD, LngH, and LngP proteins are essential for CS21 assembly, as well as for bacterial aggregation and adherence to HT-29 cells