Is lactate an undervalued functional component of fermented food products?

Although it has been traditionally regarded as an intermediate of carbon metabolism and major component of fermented dairy products contributing to organoleptic and antimicrobial properties of food, there is evidence gathered in recent years that lactate has bioactive properties that may be responsible of broader properties of functional foods. Lactate can regulate critical functions of several key players of the immune system such as macrophages and dendritic cells, being able to modulate inflammatory activation of epithelial cells as well. Intraluminal levels of lactate derived from fermentative metabolism of lactobacilli have been shown to modulate inflammatory environment in intestinal mucosa. The molecular mechanisms responsible to these functions, including histone deacetylase dependent-modulation of gene expression and signaling through G-protein coupled receptors have started to be described. Since lactate is a major fermentation product of several bacterial families with probiotic properties, we here propose that it may contribute to some of the properties attributed to these microorganisms and in a larger view, to the properties of food products fermented by lactic acid bacteria.Fil: Garrote, Graciela Liliana. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Abraham, Analia Graciela. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Área de Bioquímica y Control de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Rumbo, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos; Argentin

Consumo de plantas medicinales en oficina de farmacia

Plantas medicinales, “remedios caseros”, “hierbas”, “algo natural” y más son las denominaciones comunes que tienen los medicamentos fitoterapéuticos que dispensamos día tras día en una oficina de farmacia. Aunque las definiciones anteriores puedan sonar a priori vulgares, son la realidad que nos encontramos tras el mostrador y ese precisamente es el estudio que se viene a presentar, es decir, el objetivo de este estudio será entender cuáles son los hábitos en el consumo de plantas medicinales por parte de los usuarios de una oficina de farmacia. Para alcanzar el objetivo, se llevó a cabo un trabajo experimental de tipo observacional descriptivo, que valoraró tanto parámetros cuantificables como no cuantificables mediante una serie de encuestas y entrevistas realizadas a cada uno de los pacientes. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que aunque las plantas medicinales son productos consumidos de forma tradicional, varía el tipo de especie consumida en relación a los usuarios europeos, entre otras cuestiones. A la vista de los resultados, se puede concluir que realmente no le estamos sacando todo el partido que conlleva el consumo de plantas medicinales, ya que en general, la población se encuentra poco formada en este aspecto. Esto hace que el papel del farmacéutico comunitario sea clave en este pequeño “feedback” que se genera en el acto de dispensación, ya que tras una simple tertulia con los usuarios, estos parecen comprender el potencial de estos remedios tradicionales.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Farmaci

Anisotropic thermal magnetoresistance for an active control of radiative heat transfer

We predict a huge anisotropic thermal magnetoresistance (ATMR) in the near-field radiative heat transfer between magneto-optical particles when the direction of an external magnetic field is changed with respect to the heat current direction. We illustrate this effect with the case of two InSb spherical particles where we find that the ATMR amplitude can reach values of up to 800% for a magnetic field of 5 T, which is many orders of magnitude larger than its spintronic analogue in electronic devices. This thermomagnetic effect could find broad applications in the fields of ultrafast thermal management as well as magnetic and thermal remote sensing.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Daugavet property in projective symmetric tensor products of Banach spaces

Miguel Martín partially supported by Spanish AEI Project PGC2018-093794-B- I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), A-FQM-484-UGR18 (Universidad de Granada and Junta de Analucía/FEDER, UE), FQM-185 (Junta de Andalucía/FEDER, UE), and by “Maria de Maeztu” Excellence Unit IMAG, reference CEX2020-001105-M funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Abraham Rueda Zoca was supported by Juan de la Cierva-Formación fellowship FJC2019-039973, by MTM2017-86182-P (Government of Spain, AEI/FEDER, EU), by Spanish AEI Project PGC2018-093794-B- I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), by Fundación Séneca, ACyT Región de Murcia grant 20797/PI/18, by Junta de Andalucía Grant A-FQM-484-UGR18 and by Junta de Andalucía Grant FQM-0185.We show that all the symmetric projective tensor products of a Banach space X have the Daugavet property provided X has the Daugavet property and either X is an L1-predual (i.e., X∗ is isometric to an L1-space) or X is a vector-valued L1-space. In the process of proving it, we get a number of results of independent interest. For instance, we characterise “localised” versions of the Daugavet property [i.e., Daugavet points and Δ-points introduced in Abrahamsen et al. (Proc Edinb Math Soc 63:475–496 2020)] for L1-preduals in terms of the extreme points of the topological dual, a result which allows to characterise a polyhedrality property of real L1-preduals in terms of the absence of Δ-points and also to provide new examples of L1-preduals having the convex diametral local diameter two property. These results are also applied to nicely embedded Banach spaces [in the sense of Werner (J Funct Anal 143:117–128, 1997)] so, in particular, to function algebras. Next, we show that the Daugavet property and the polynomial Daugavet property are equivalent for L1-preduals and for spaces of Lipschitz functions. Finally, an improvement of recent results in Rueda Zoca (J Inst Math Jussieu 20(4):1409–1428, 2021) about the Daugavet property for projective tensor products is also obtained.ACyT Región de Murcia 20797/PI/18Universidad de Granada and Junta de AnalucíaFundación SénecaEuropean CommissionEuropean Regional Development FundJunta de Andalucía FJC2019-039973, FQM-0185, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, MTM2017-86182-PUniversity of the East FQM-18

Las nociones de Sinn y Sprache en Sein und Zeit de Heidegger y en las Philosophische Untersuchungen de Wittgenstein

The philosophies of Martin Heidegger and Ludwig Wittgenstein —without a doubt— constitute the most important and influential theoretical elaborations of the philosophical field of the 20th century and that they remain relevant weight even in this century. The intention of this paper is put both philosophies in dialogue regarding certain categories that are common. In particular, the notions of Sinn (sense) and Sprache (language), but only in two relevant writings by both authors: Sein und Zeit by the so-called Germany’s teacher and Philosophische Untersuchungen by the Viennese philosopher, namely, what is regularly known as "First Heidegger" and "second Wittgenstein". What is intended with this dialogue is to draw certain conclusions about the positions that each one of the authors assumes regarding the aforementioned issues, showing advances, setbacks, reductions or expansions in the treatment of the themes.Las filosofías de Martin Heidegger y Ludwig Wittgenstein —sin lugar a dudas— constituyen las elaboraciones teóricas del campo filosófico más importantes e influyentes del siglo XX y que siguen teniendo peso aún en este siglo. La intención de este artículo es poner en dialogo ambas filosofías en lo que respecta a ciertas categorías que son comunes. En particular, las nociones de Sinn (sentido) y Sprache (lenguaje), pero sólo en dos obras relevantes de ambos autores: Sein und Zeit del denominado maestro de Alemania y Philosophische Untersuchungen del filósofo vienés, es decir, lo que se conoce regularmente como “primer Heidegger” y “segundo Wittgenstein”. Lo que se pretende con este dialogo es extraer ciertas conclusiones en torno a las posiciones que cada uno de los autores asume respecto de las cuestiones nombradas, vislumbrando avances, retrocesos, reducciones o expansiones en el tratamiento de las temáticas

Residuality in the set of norm attaining operators between Banach spaces

This paper was partially written when the first author was visiting the University of Granada and he would like to acknowledge the hospitality that he received there. The authors would like to thank Antonio Avilés, Luis Carlos García-Lirola, Gilles Godefroy, Manuel Maestre, Warren Moors, Vicente Montesinos, and Rafael Payá for kindly answering several inquiries related to the topics of the paper. We also thank the anonymous referee for the careful reading of the manuscript and for providing a number of comments which have improved its final form. M. Jung was supported by NRF (NRF-2019R1A2C1003857), by POSTECH Basic Science Research Institute Grant (NRF-2021R1A6A1A10042944) and by a KIAS Individual Grant (MG086601) at Korea Institute for Advanced Study. M. Martín was supported by Project PGC2018-093794-B-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), by Junta de Andalucía I+D+i grants P20_00255, A-FQM-484-UGR18, and FQM-185, and by “Maria de Maeztu” Excellence Unit IMAG, reference CEX2020-001105-M funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. A. Rueda Zoca was supported by Projects MTM2017-86182-P (Government of Spain, AEI/FEDER, EU), PGC2018-093794-B-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), by Fundación Séneca, ACyT Región de Murcia grant 20797/PI/18, by Junta de Andalucía Grant A-FQM-484-UGR18, and by Junta de Andalucía Grant FQM-0185.We study the relationship between the residuality of the set of norm attaining functionals on a Banach space and the residuality and the denseness of the set of norm attaining operators between Banach spaces. Our first main result says that if C is a bounded subset of a Banach space X which admit an LUR renorming satisfying that, for every Banach space Y, the operators T from X to Y for which the supremum of with is attained are dense, then the set of those functionals which strongly exposes C is dense in ⁎. This extends previous results by J. Bourgain and K.-S. Lau. The particular case in which C is the unit ball of X, in which we get that the norm of ⁎ is Fréchet differentiable at a dense subset, improves a result by J. Lindenstrauss and we even present an example showing that Lindenstrauss' result was not optimal. In the reverse direction, we obtain results for the density of the set of absolutely strongly exposing operators from X to Y by requiring that the set of strongly exposing functionals on X is dense and conditions on Y or ⁎ involving RNP and discreteness on the set of strongly exposed points of Y or ⁎. These results include examples in which even the denseness of norm attaining operators was unknown. We also show that the residuality of the set of norm attaining operators implies the denseness of the set of absolutely strongly exposing operators provided the domain space and the dual of the range space are separable, extending a recent result for functionals. Finally, our results find important applications to the classical theory of norm-attaining operators, to the theory of norm-attaining bilinear forms, to the geometry of the preduals of spaces of Lipschitz functions, and to the theory of strongly norm-attaining Lipschitz maps. In particular, we solve a proposed open problem showing that the unique predual of the space of Lipschitz functions from the Euclidean unit circle fails to have Lindenstrauss property A.ACyT Región de Murcia 20797/PI/18Junta de Andalucía I+D+i A-FQM-484-UGR18, FQM-185, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, MTM2017-86182-P, P20_00255KIAS MG086601POSTECH Basic Science Research Institute NRF-2021R1A6A1A10042944Institute for Advanced Study PGC2018-093794-B-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Fundación SénecaEuropean CommissionFEDERJunta de Andalucía FQM-018

Is lactate an undervalued functional component of fermented food products?

Although it has been traditionally regarded as an intermediate of carbon metabolism and major component of fermented dairy products contributing to organoleptic and antimicrobial properties of food, there is evidence gathered in recent years that lactate has bioactive properties that may be responsible of broader properties of functional foods. Lactate can regulate critical functions of several key players of the immune system such as macrophages and dendritic cells, being able to modulate inflammatory activation of epithelial cells as well. Intraluminal levels of lactate derived from fermentative metabolism of lactobacilli have been shown to modulate inflammatory environment in intestinal mucosa. The molecular mechanisms responsible to these functions, including histone deacetylase dependent-modulation of gene expression and signaling through G-protein coupled receptors have started to be described. Since lactate is a major fermentation product of several bacterial families with probiotic properties, we here propose that it may contribute to some of the properties attributed to these microorganisms and in a larger view, to the properties of food products fermented by lactic acid bacteria.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de AlimentosInstituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológico

The Euler-Betti Algorithm to identify foliations in Hilbert Scheme

Foliations in the complex projective plane are uniquely determined by their singular locus, which is in correspondence with a zero-dimensional ideal. However, this correspondence is not surjective. We give conditions to determine whether an ideal arises as the singular locus of a foliation or not. Furthermore, we give an effective method to construct the foliation in the positive case

Diametral notions for elements of the unit ball of a Banach space

The first and third authors were supported by grant PID2021-122126NB-C31 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU, by Junta de Andalucía I+D+i grants P20_00255 and FQM-185, and by “Maria de Maeztu” Excellence Unit IMAG (CEX2020-001105-M) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. The second named author was supported by the Estonian Research Council grant SJD58.We introduce extensions of Δ-points and Daugavet points in which slices are replaced by relatively weakly open subsets (super Δ-points and super Daugavet points) or by convex combinations of slices (ccs Δ-points and ccs Daugavet points). These notions represent the extreme opposite to denting points, points of continuity, and strongly regular points. We first give a general overview of these new concepts and provide some isometric consequences on the spaces. As examples: (1) If a Banach space contains a super Δ-point, then it does not admit an unconditional FDD (in particular, unconditional basis) with suppression constant smaller than 2. (2) If a real Banach space contains a ccs Δ-point, then it does not admit a one-unconditional basis. (3) If a Banach space contains a ccs Daugavet point, then every convex combination of slices of its unit ball has diameter 2. We next characterize the notions in some classes of Banach spaces, showing, for instance, that all the notions coincide in L1-predual spaces and that all the notions but ccs Daugavet points coincide in L1-spaces. We next comment on some examples which have previously appeared in the literature, and we provide some new intriguing examples: examples of super Δ-points which are as close as desired to strongly exposed points (hence failing to be Daugavet points in an extreme way); an example of a super Δ-point which is strongly regular (hence failing to be a ccs Δ-point in the strongest way); a super Daugavet point which fails to be a ccs Δ-point. The extensions of the diametral notions to points in the open unit ball and consequences on the spaces are also studied. Lastly, we investigate the Kuratowski measure of relatively weakly open subsets and of convex combinations of slices in the presence of super Δ-points or ccs Δ-points, as well as for spaces enjoying diameter-two properties. We conclude the paper with some open problems.MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 PID2021-122126NB-C31ERDF/EUJunta de Andalucía I+D+i P20_00255, FQM-185MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 “Maria de Maeztu” (CEX2020-001105-M

El teatro del Barroco. El Museo del Louvre como escenario

“The wedding feast at Caná” byname of Paolo Caliari ‘il Veronese’ is one of the best compositions of Venetian Baroque painting, a huge canvas designed as a great theatre play. Confiscated by Napoleon’s troops from its original location in Venice, it hangs since 1798 in the Hall of the States of the Denon Wing in the Louvre Museum.“Las Bodas de Caná” de Paolo Caliari ‘el Veronés' es una de las mejores composiciones de la pintura barroca veneciana, un enorme lienzo dispuesto como una gran obra de teatro. Sustraído por las tropas de Napoleón de su emplazamiento original en Venecia, cuelga desde 1798 en la Sala de los Estados del Ala Denon en el Museo del Louvre