An automated rendezvous and capture system design concept for the cargo transfer vehicle and Space Station Freedom

A rendezvous sensor system concept was developed for the cargo transfer vehicle (CTV) to autonomously rendezvous with and be captured by Space Station Freedom (SSF). The development of requirements, the design of a unique Lockheed developed sensor concept to meet these requirements, and the system design to place this sensor on the CTV and rendezvous with the SSF are described

Juvenile Diversion: Results of a Three Year Experimental Study

In a three year longitudinal study of first time juvenile status offenders assigned at random to three treatment groups and a control group, no significant differences were found in recidivism rates among the groups. A total of 398 juveniles in this study were cited for offenses of tobacco or alcohol in a medium-sized metropolitan northwest city. The offenders were assigned at random to four groups: a traditional magistrate court, a traditional Youth Court diversion program, a new non-judicial diversion program and a control group. None of the groups including the control group showed a significant difference in recidivism rates. It was determined from the evaluation of all groups that the diversion program offered the most cost effective program intervention to provide more services to potentially troubled teens

Beneath the Surface: Juvenile Adjudication Disparity in a Rural County

A rural county with a high Hispanic population showed small disproportionate minority contact (citation or arrest) in initial analysis of federally required Disproportionate Minority Confinement studies but closer examination of a random sample of all juveniles arrested in 2000 showed that a subtle but significant disparity still existed when a more detailed examination was conducted. While overt discrimination did not appear to be extreme, stereotypes still negatively influenced Hispanic/Law Enforcement relations at various levels and Hispanics were still over represented in contacts and confinement. Three areas were examined that may explain/inform these lingering disparity issues: Cultural, Economic and Structural factors

Recidivism Among Child Sexual Abusers: Initial Results of a 13 Year Longitudinal Random Sample

In the initial analysis of data from a random sample of all those charged with child sexual abuse in Idaho over a 13 year period, only one predictive variable was found that related to recidivism of those convicted. Variables such as ethnicity, relationship, gender and age differences did not show a significant or even large association with recidivism. The only variable that seemed to show both a significant and almost moderate association to recidivism was the Risk Assessment in the Sex Offender Evaluation re-offense. Comparisons were made to prior research as well as a discussion of implications of the sex offender evaluation for the legal process. Finally, a call for the continued need for further research is discussed

Clayburn Creek watercourse assessment: development and stream management in an urban residential area

The Clayburn Creek watershed, Abbotsford, British Columbia has undergone numerous changes in the recent past. These changes have dramatically increased the number of high water flow events. High flow events on this fish bearing stream are causing increased erosion along the stream channel increasing the sediment load of the stream. These events can be correlated to increasing development and population growth upstream from Clayburn Village within the Clayburn Creek watershed. Mapping of the stream course with a Trimble GPS along with the plotting of numerous cross sections across the stream channel will allow the researchers to determine if any changes are occurring within the stream channel in the future. Measurement of precipitation and stream turbidity values will allow the monitoring of rainfall events and their impact on the watershed. With developments being expanded and new developments being planned for upstream locations it is necessary to document the present state of the watershed and to collect baseline data. This knowledge if used to assist in the implementation of effective mitigation practices may alleviate future flood events from impacting historic Clayburn Village

Microparticle manipulation using laser-induced thermophoresis and thermal convection flow

We demonstrate manipulation of microbeads with diameters from 1.5 to 10 µm and Jurkat cells within a thin fluidic device using the combined effect of thermophoresis and thermal convection. The heat flow is induced by localized absorption of laser light by a cluster of single walled carbon nanotubes, with no requirement for a treated substrate. Characterization of the system shows the speed of particle motion increases with optical power absorption and is also affected by particle size and corresponding particle suspension height within the fluid. Further analysis shows that the thermophoretic mobility (DT) is thermophobic in sign and increases linearly with particle diameter, reaching a value of 8 µm2 s−1 K−1 for a 10 µm polystyrene bead

Iodine-promoted activation of sulfur-based leaving groups in glycosylation reactions

Further to previous work by the Field group on the iodine-mediated activation of benzyl ether-protected ('armed') thiogalactosides, a variety of ester-protected ('disarmed') β-D- thiogalactoside derivatives containing a second sulfur atom in the aglycon were prepared and characterised, and activation of these with iodine was attempted. O-Ethyl S-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D- thiogalactopyranosyl) dithiocarbonate (26) and O-isopropyl S-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosyl) dithiocarbonate (31) were prepared and found not to undergo methanolysis in the presence of iodine, or iodine in combination with DDQ. Methylthiomethyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-thio-galactopyranoside (53) and ethylthioalkyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosides 38-41 were prepared and found not to undergo iodine-mediated methanolysis. Of the mercaptoalkyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-thiogalactosides 52-55, mercaptopropyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (53) and mercaptobutyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (54) were found to glycoslate cyclohexanol, but with significant degradation observed by thin layer chromatography. Mercaptopropyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (64) and mercaptobutyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (65) were found to glycosylate cyclohexanol with no significant degradation. Carbohydrate acceptors methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-D-mannopyranoside (72), methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (73), methyl 6-O-benzoyl-2,3-di-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (74) and methyl 2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (75) were prepared. Upon attempts at iodine-mediated glycosylation of these with 64, only the primary mannose acceptor 72 was glycosylated to a significant extent. An NMR study of the IH methylene resonances of ethylthiobutyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D- thiogalactopyranoside (40) showed that the remote sulfide group of this compound complexes significantly with iodine, whilst the anomeric sulfur does not. It has also been demonstrated that 'armed' glycosyl sulfoxides can be activated with iodine or iodine monobromide. Ethyl 2,3,4,6-tetra- O-benzyl-α-D-thiomannopyranoside S-oxide (114) was prepared and found to give unusually high β-stereocontrol in iodine mediated mannosylation of acceptors 72, 73 and 74, as compared with excellent α-stereocontrol with acceptor 75. Both the quantity and nucleophilicity of the glycosyl acceptors and the presence of potassium carbonate affected the speed of activation of the sulfoxides, and the anomeric stereocontrol in the products. It is proposed that reversible formation of the hypoiodites of the acceptors may be the reason for these observations

A critical analysis of soteriological themes in Calvin's early writings

This dissertation will offer an analysis of conversion and its related themes in Calvin's early writings. It will include an introduction and five chapters. In the Introduction, I plan to accomplish five things. First, I will set forth a statement about and a definition of conversion. Second, I will explore the notion within the Reformed tradition that the ecclesia reformata is an ecclesia reformanda and its impact on the nature of conversion. Third, I will state what has led me to conduct a study of Calvin's view of conversion and its related themes in his early writings. Fourth, I will provide definitions of words that are used within the Reformed and the broad evangelical Protestant traditions in the United States to articulate an understanding of the notion of conversion. Fifth, I will pose two questions that need to be answered as a result of this study. Chapter 1 will describe cm-rent views of conversion that are represented in the Reformed and the broad evangelical Protestant traditions in the United States, as well as the evangelical Reformed subset of the broad evangelical Protestant tradition. Chapter 2 will provide a brief overview of Calvin's understanding of conversion in his writings in their entirety. Chapter 3 will analyze Calvin's view of conversion and its related themes as it is expressed in Psychopannychia (1534) and Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536). Chapter 4 will conduct a brief analysis to see what Calvin meant and the Reformed and the broad evangelical Protestant traditions mean, as well as the evangelical Reformed subset of the broad evangelical Protestant tradition, when they each speak of conversion. Chapter 5 will set forth answers to the two questions raised

Development of a meteor radar wind measuring facility

This thesis details the development, construction and operation of a Doppler wind facility as an upgrade of the existing meteor radar, AMOR operated by the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Canterbury University, New Zealand. It also describes the initial interpretation of wind-field measurements so as to ascertain the potential for a more sustained survey. An overview of atmospheric dynamics is presented in order to provide a summary of wind motions accessible to meteor radar techniques. Tidal analysis methods applied to the data confirm a dominant semidiurnal tide with seasonally varying amplitude. The height resolution of the radar enables analysis of vertical structure, i.e., the semi diurnal tide's vertical wavelength. Echo analysis techniques which enable wind measurements with uncertainties < 3 ms-1 to be achieved from meteor echoes having duration times down to only 0.03 s are discussed. The method allows a line of sight wind measurement to be made from 90% of echoes. A transmitted beam which is narrow in azimuth combined with a dual interferometer and range determination locates the echo point within a 8 km3 3 dB box. Approximately 70% of the line of site wind measurements produce a spatially located horizontal wind speed. A method of reducing wind speed measurement errors introduced by the magnetic field is given which relies on both meridional and zonal components of the wind-field being measured. The AMOR winds data are compared with other wind measuring instruments that are geographically close and the results are discussed. Comparisons are also made with global model data. Analysis of the wind speeds as a function of ground range from the radar gives good evidence supporting the presence of gravity wave activity at meteor detection heights. A seasonal gravity wave dependence is also suspected