Patología Dual y rasgos de personalidad:situación actual y líneas futuras de trabajo

Dual diagnosis (DD) is the co-occurrence, in the same person, of a mental disorder (MD) and a substance use disorder (SUD). Nowadays, the study of the personality with DD is realized mainly from a categorical view, focusing on the detection of personality disorders and not on the traits associated to DD and the possible differential profile compared to those patients with only MD or SUD. Studies analyzing personality traits of patients with DD and their possible differential profile are very limited. However, existing data indicates that DD patients show higher levels of Sensation Seeking, Impulsivity, Harm Avoidance and Neuroticism; and lower levels of Persistence, Self-Direction, Self-Transcendence and Cooperation. Therefore, DD is associated to personality characteristics that suggest more disruptive behaviors, fewer resources for recovering and keeping abstinent and worse prognosis compared to those with only one disorder. Progress in the characterization of personality traits in DD, taking into consideration the methodological aspects to be improved could allow better adaptation of the integrated treatment of these patients in the future

Impacto da poluição ambiental na superfície ocular de pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of air pollution on the ocular surface of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Methods: We investigated the ocular surfaces of thirty patients with Sjögren's syndrome and thirty healthy volunteers (control group) living in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. We used nitrogen dioxide as an indicator of exposure to air pollution. An ocular symptoms questionnaire was answered by all subjects, who also underwent a complete ocular surface ophthalmic examination-including an Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, biomicroscopy, tear breakup time, Schirmer 1 test, corneal and conjunctival vital staining with fluorescein and lissamine green, tear lysozyme concentration, and impression cytology. Results: In almost all ocular surface test findings, we found a positive and significant correlation between higher levels of exposure to air pollution and higher levels of ocular surface damage in both the control group and Sjögren's syndrome patients. In Sjögren's syndrome patients, the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, tear breakup time, vital staining and impression cytology showed a significant correlation between high levels of air pollution and ocular surface disease. In the control group, the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, tear breakup time, and impression cytology showed a significant correlation between high levels of air pollution and ocular surface disease. Conclusions: Here we demonstrated that in patients with dry eye syndrome associated with Sjögren, abnormalities of the ocular surface and eye irritation related to air pollution are more severe than those in the control group. We believe that measuring air quality should be not only an integral part of the evaluation of ocular surface disease but also a therapeutic consideration.Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da poluição do ar na superfície ocular de pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren. Métodos: Foram investigadas as superfícies oculares de trinta pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren e trinta voluntários saudáveis (grupo controle) residentes na Região Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Usamos o dióxido de nitrogênio como um indicador de exposição à poluição do ar. Um questionário de sintomas oculares foi respondido por todos os indivíduos, que também foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico completo da superfície ocular - incluindo um questionário do Índice da Doença da Superfície Ocular, biomicroscopia, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, teste de Schirmer 1, coloração da córnea e conjuntiva com fluoresceína e lissamina verde, concentração de lisozima lacrimal e citologia de impressão. Resultados: Em quase todos os achados do teste de superfície ocular, encontramos uma correlação positiva e significativa entre níveis mais altos de exposição à poluição do ar e níveis mais elevados de danos na superfície ocular tanto no grupo controle quanto nos pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren. Em pacientes com síndrome de Sjögren, o questionário do Índice da Doença da Superfície Ocular, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, coloração vital e citologia de impressão mostraram uma correlação significativa entre altos níveis de poluição do ar e doença da superfície ocular. No grupo controle, o questionário do Índice de Doenças da Superfície Ocular, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal e citologia de impressão mostraram uma correlação significativa entre altos níveis de poluição do ar e doença da superfície ocular. Conclusões: Aqui demonstramos que, pacientes com síndrome de olho seco associada a Sjögren, as anormalidades da superfície ocular e airritação ocular relacionadas à poluição do ar são mais graves do que aquelas no grupo controle. Acreditamos que a medição da qualidade do ar não deve ser apenas uma parte integral da avaliação da doença da superfície ocular, mas também uma consideração terapêutica.Fil: Galperín, Gustavo Javier. Hospital Oftalmológico Pedro Lagleyze; ArgentinaFil: Berra, Fabio Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Hospital Oftalmológico Pedro Lagleyze; ArgentinaFil: Marquez, Maria Isabel. Bioquímica Ocular; ArgentinaFil: Mandaradoni, Mariana. Hospital Nacional Professor Dr. Alejandro Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Tau, Julia. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Oculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Berra, Alejandro. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Oculares; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Utilización de gallinaza para corregir la acidez y fertilidad del suelo

Crop production in tropical areas may be limited by soil acidity. The use of conventional liming sources is expensive for many developing countries. A possible alternative to correct soil acidity is the use of green and animal manure. An experiment was established to evaluate the effect of chicken manure on soil chemical properties. Six months after the establishment of this experiment, the soil was sampled at a 0 to 20 cm depth. Soil pH increased significantly from 4.92, in the control treatment, to 5.32 after the application of 15 t/ha of chicken manure. Potassium chforide (KCI) extractable aluminum decreased significantly from 0.38 to 0.20 cmolc/kg with the application of 15 t/ha of chicken manure. Aluminum saturation decreased by 7.71%, and available phosphorus increased significantly from 34.14 mg/kg, in the control treatment, to 178.04 mg/kg with the application of 15 t/ha of chicken manure.La producción de cosechas en áreas tropicales puede limitarse debido a problemas de acidez del suelo. Para los países en vías de desarrollo el uso de fuentes convencionales para encalar puede resultar muy caro. Una posible alternativa para disminuir la acidez del suelo es la utilización de residuos de cosecha y desperdicios de animales. Se realizó un experimento para evaluar el efecto de la gallinaza en las propiedades químicas del suelo. A los seis meses luego de establecerse el experimento se tomaron muestras de suelo a una profundidad de 0 a 20 cm. El pH del suelo aumentó significativamente de 4.92, en el tratamiento control, a 5.32 con la aplicación de 15 t/ha de gallinaza. En los mismos tratamientos el aluminio extraído con KCl disminuyó significativamente de 0.38 a 0.20 cmolc/kg, lo que representa una reducción de 7.71 en el porcentaje de saturación de aluminio. La disponibilidad de fósforo aumentó significativamente de 34.18 mg/kg, en el tratamiento control, a 178.04 mg/kg con la aplicación de 15 t/ha de gallinaza

Efecto antiinflamatorio del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (cucarda) en ratones albinos

El estudio realizado buscó determinar el efecto antinflamatorio del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (cucarda) en ratones albinos, se emplearon 30 ratones albinos divididos en cinco grupos quienes recibieron suero fisiológico 2mL/Kg, el segundo grupo recibió el fármaco Dexametasona 4 mg/kg , el tercer, cuarto y quinto grupo recibieron el extracto de cucarda en concentraciones de 50, 100 y 200 mg/Kg respectivamente, se encontró un porcentaje de rendimiento del extracto de las hojas de cucarda fue de 8.5%, así también el estudio fitoquímico identificó la presencia de flavonoides, taninos, saponinas y alcaloides. También se encontró que el extracto de cucarda a dosis de 200 mg/kg presentó la mayor eficacia antiinflamatoria, manteniendo los parámetros de fórmula leucocitaria dentro de los valores normales, así como HDL y PCR. Concluyendo que el extracto etanólico de las hojas de Hibiscus rosa-sinensis posee actividad antiinflamatoria en ratones albinosTesi

Towards FAIR Data in Heterogeneous Catalysis Research

This poster elaborates on the challenges of developing a database for heterogeneous catalysis research and FAIRmat’s effort in tayloring NOMAD schemas and search interface for catalysis researchers as well as demonstrating first steps of an ontology development for catalysis. The poster has been presented in the 1st Conference on Research Data Infrastructure (CoRDI 2023) which took place on Septmeber 12 - 14, 2023, in Karlsruhe, Germany.Funding statement: FAIRmat is a consortium of German National Research Data Infrastructure (NDFI) funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – project 460197019

Health-related quality of life in male patients under treatment for substance use disorders with and without major depressive disorder: Influence in clinical course at one-year follow-up

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment has interest as an indicator of degree of affectation and prognosis in mental disorders. HRQoL is impaired in both Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), two conditions highly prevalent, although less studied when both are coexisting (SUD + MDD). Hence, we decided to explore HRQoL with the SF-36 survey in a sample of 123 SUD and 114 SUD + MDD patients (51 symptomatic and 63 asymptomatic of depressive symptoms) under treatment. We performed analyses to examine HRQoL among groups, and its predictive value at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups through regression models. Patients with SUD + MDD had worse HRQoL than SUD patients and population norms. For Mental Health, Vitality, and General Health dimensions, lower scores were observed for SUD + MDD regardless the presence/absence of depressive symptoms. For Physical Functioning and Health Change, depressive symptomatology and not the comorbidity of SUD + MDD diagnoses explained HRQoL limitations. At 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups we observed two predictors of relapses, General Health for asymptomatic SUD + MDD, and Physical Functioning for SUD. Improving HRQoL in SUD + MDD may be targeted during patient's treatment; future studies should explore the influence of HRQoL on patient's prognosis taking into account the presence/absence of depressive symptomatology

Temperament and character profile and its clinical correlates in male patients with dual schizophrenia

Personality traits are relevant in understanding substance use disorders (SUD) and schizophrenia (SZ), but few works have also included patients with dual schizophrenia (SZ+) and personality traits. We explored personality profile in a sample of 165 male patients under treatment, using the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. The participants were assigned to three groups of 55 patients each, according to previous diagnosis: SUD, SZ- and SZ+ (without/with SUD). We analyzed their clinical characteristics, relating them to personality dimensions. The SUD and SZ+ groups scored higher than SZ- in Novelty/Sensation Seeking. SZ- and SZ+ presented higher Harm Avoidance and lower Persistence than the SUD group. SZ+ patients showed the lowest levels of Self-directedness, while SZ- and SZ+ had higher scores in Self-transcendence than the SUD group. Several clinical characteristics were associated with personality dimensions depending on diagnosis, and remarkably so for psychiatric symptoms in the SZ- and SZ+ groups. The three groups had a maladaptive personality profile compared to general population. Our results point to different profiles for SUD versus SZ, while both profiles appear combined in the SZ+ group, with extreme scores in some traits. Thus, considering personality endophenotypes in SZ+ could help in designing individualized interventions for this group

EPIDEMIOLOGÍA, EL DISCURRIR DEL ESTADO DE SALUDENFERMEDAD

Aunque muchos indicadores de la calidad de vida se handesarrollado entre las personas de sociedadespreindustriales, industriales y postindustriales, uno de losmás importantes es el estado de salud de la población.El estado de salud no solo se une estrechamente al nivelde desarrollo industrial de un país, sino también a laedad y composición de genero de las personas, a ladistribución de la riqueza y el poder. Las enfermedades ypadecimientos, incluso las de origen mental, no sedistribuyen al azar en la población. Más bien, de unaforma irregular por edad, sexo, clase social, lugar deresidencia, origen, factor étnico, ocupación y hábitoscomo fumar o/y beber

Circadian functioning and quality of life in substance use disorder patients with and without comorbid major depressive disorder

Aim: Although a relationship between circadian disruption and development of several psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance use disorder (SUD), has been observed, knowledge on this area is scarce yet. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the circadian functioning and quality of life (QOL) in SUD patients with and without comorbid MDD, two highly prevalent clinical entities with difficult therapeutic management. Methods: One hundred sixty-three male patients under treatment, 81 with SUD and 82 with SUD comorbid major depressive disorder (SUD + MDD), were evaluated. For the circadian functioning assessment, we calculated Social Jet Lag (SJL) and used the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). QOL was measured using the shortened version of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). We collected sociodemographic and clinical variables to evaluate their possible influence on the circadian functioning. Intergroup differences among the variables were examined by different analyses of covariance (ANCOVA and MANCOVA). The possible relationships of quantitative clinical variables with rMEQ, PSQI, and WHOQOL-BREF were explored using bivariate correlation analysis. Results: Lower SJL appears in the SUD + MDD group compared with SUD. The intermediate-type was more prevalent in the SUD group, while a higher percentage of morning-type patients was found in the SUD + MDD. Sleep quality (including latency and daytime dysfunction) was worse for SUD + MDD patients than for SUD even after controlling age and age of SUD onset variables. Last, QOL was poorer in patients with SUD + MDD and, for them, psychological health had a negative relationship with SJL and severity of depression. Conclusions: Our data support and extend previous findings indicating that SUD + MDD is associated with worse clinical characteristics, more sleep problems, and poorer QOL than SUD patients. These results underline the importance of a precise assessment of these measurements in future studies conducted in SUD patients with/without MDD comorbidity that could be considered from a therapeutic point of view

Patients with Schizophrenia Showed Worse Cognitive Performance than Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorder in a Sample with Comorbid Substance Use Disorders

Comorbidity of substance use disorders (SUD) and severe mental illness (SMI) is highly frequent in patients, the most common diagnoses being schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Since comorbidity has its own clinical features, and neurocognitive functioning is not always similar to psychiatric symptoms the present study explores the cognitive performance of patients with dual disorders. A neuropsychological battery of tests was used to assess 120 under treatment male patients, 40 for each group considered (SZ + SUD, BD + SUD and MDD + SUD) who were mainly polyconsumers. Significant differences (with premorbid IQ as a covariate) were found among the groups, with SZ + SUD having a worse performance in attention, verbal learning, short term memory and recognition. The consideration of a global Z score for performance evidenced an impaired neurocognitive pattern for SZ + SUD compared with BD + SUD and MDD + SUD. According to norms, all patients showed difficulties in verbal learning, short-term memory and recognition. Our research indicated that the neurocognitive functioning of dual disorder patients was influenced by the comorbid SMI, with SZ + SUD presenting major difficulties. Future studies should thoroughly explore the role of such difficulties as indicators or endophenotypes for dual schizophrenia disorders, and their usefulness for prevention and treatment.This research was funded by the grant PID2020-117767GB-I00 of Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR-748). Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag