PRIVATE SECTOR AGRICULTURAL TENANCY ARRANGEMENTS IN EUROPE: THEMES AND DIMENSIONS; A CRITICAL REVIEW OF CURRENT LITERATURE

Although there is widespread support for the "ideal model" of agricultural production being based around the owner-occupier farmer, it is recognized that, for a variety of reasons, this ideal is neither always attainable nor desirable. There is also a need to ensure that farming becomes competitive when exposed fully to world markets. This means that farmers are likely to require the flexibility to expand their businesses in circumstances where they may not have the capital to purchase the additional assets. The need to find suitable systems for agricultural tenancy reform remains paramount as a means both for sustaining rural communities generally and for establishing mechanisms suitable for matching the demand for and supply of private land for rent. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recently commissioned a study of agricultural land tenure systems in order to identify elements of good practice in existing arrangements for the leasing of private sector agricultural land. This report is confined to a consideration of and commentary on the existing literature on tenure and tenancy arrangements as a basis for identifying examples of good practice. For the purposes of establishing good practice, this report concentrates on the market economies of northern and western Europe, predominantly the fifteen current member states of the European Union, while being aware of the principal dimensions of land reform in central and eastern European and former Soviet Union countries.Farm tenancy--Europe, Farm tenancy--Europe--Bibliography, Farm tenancy--Government policy--Europe, Land tenure--Europe, Land Economics/Use,

Safety Related HVAC Systems in PWR Nuclear Power Plants

This paper is for the completion of MEMS 500 - Independent Study at Washington University in St. Louis. The materials and coursework are based off MEMS 5420 HVAC Analysis and Design I. This course covered readings and problems from chapters 1-8 of Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Design and Analysis - sixth edition by McQuiston, Parker, and Spitler. Topics included moist air prop- erties, indoor environmental quality (comfort and health), heat transmission in building structures, space heating loads, and cooling loads. This paper focuses on a few of the safety related HVAC systems found in PWR or pressurized water reactor type nuclear power plants. HVAC systems provide personal comfort and safety through heating, cooling, and ventilation air at appropriate temperatures, humidities, and flow rates for normal machine operations. Due to the sheer number and complexity of these systems, my focus is on only a few considerations. This includes an overview of each building on a campus and their HVAC needs. Special topics include a breakdown of radioactive filtration systems, and ventilation for excess hydrogen in battery rooms

Locus Of Control As A Predictor Of Academic Learning Time

This dissertation examined the relationship between locus of control (for all, positive, and negative events) and rate of academically engaged learning time (for mathematics and language arts separately and together) and how this relationship is affected by the sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status and achievement of the student and the grade and instructional organization of the school. The subjects for this investigation consisted of 56 fourth grade students at two year-around schools in Watsonville, California. This sample included the following approximate proportions: males-60%; low socio-economic status (qualified for free or reduced lunches) SO%; and Hispanic-60%. Data gathering was accomplished by reviewing school records, administering the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility scale, and two independent observers using the Beginning Teachers Evaluation Study classroom behavior rating scale. Data analysis consisted of Pearson Product-Moment and partial correlations and analyses of variance. Although 126 hypotheses were studied, only 5 of these hypotheses resulted in statistically significant results. Three of the five statistically significant findings suggest an inverse relationship between locus of control for negative events and rate of academically engaged learning time in self-directed instruction when students\u27 ethnicity is controlled. Because of the limited number of statistically significant results, the study concluded there was little evidence to support the existance of a significant or meaningful relationship between locus of control and rate of academically engaged learning time. Recommendations for further study were limited to only the examination of the possible existence of this relationship within ethnic groupings

Religion as a Motive – Does Australian Terrorism Law Serve Justice?

This article will examine whether the category of religiously motivated terrorism serves justice in Australia, first considering its lawfulness from a human rights perspective and, secondly, examining its operation in the courtroom. Judicial comment in two cases, the subject of national media attention and complaints to the (New South Wales) NSW Judicial Commission, were used as a basis. This article finds that efforts to establish a ‘religious cause’ were stifled by complexity and ambiguity about the difference between Islamic adherence and violent extremism. Bias-prone assumptions had observable implications for the judicial assessment of the defendant’s culpability and rehabilitation prospects. Moreover, judicial reasoning seemed to overlook evidence of an intent to coerce the government or intimidate the public, treating religious beliefs and motives as a vehicle to establish intent. The article concludes that judicial education could help. Still, those measures would not fix the core of the problem. By removing the motive element, the issues would be avoided while focusing attention on the remaining intention elements. An alternative option is to remove ‘religious cause’ so that terrorism cases must demonstrate ‘ideological or political cause’, encouraging more precise and comparable reasoning across offending contexts

Cortactin Phosphorylation by Casein Kinase 2 Regulates Actin Related Protein 2/3 Complex Activity and Invadopodia Function

Malregulation of the actin cytoskeleton enhances tumor cell motility and invasion. The actin-binding protein cortactin facilitates branched actin network formation through activation of the actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex. Arp2/3 complex activation is responsible for driving increased migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by governing invadopodia formation and activity. While cortactin-mediated activation of Arp2/3 complex and invadopodia regulation has been well established, signaling pathways responsible for governing cortactin binding to Arp2/3 are unknown. In this dissertation we identify casein kinase (CK) 2α phosphorylation of cortactin as a negative regulator of Arp2/3 binding. CK2α directly phosphorylates cortactin at a conserved threonine (T24) adjacent to the canonical Arp2/3 binding motif. Phosphorylation of cortactin T24 by CK2α impairs the ability of cortactin to bind Arp2/3 and activate actin nucleation. Decreased invadopodia activity is observed in HNSCC cells with expression of CK2α phosphorylation-null cortactin mutants, shRNA-mediated CK2α knockdown, and with the CK2α inhibitor Silmitasertib. Silmitasertib inhibits HNSCC collective invasion in tumor spheroids and orthotopic tongue tumors in mice. Although overall cancer incidence rates are declining across the United States, the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) continues to increase within the Appalachian region. To better understand the underlying factors leading to disproportionate outcomes, our group has established an Appalachian-specific HNSCC patient tissue cohort from surgically-resected tumors. This cohort represents all HNSCC stages, lesion types and morphologies, as well as cases that contain human papillomavirus (HPV) and/or tobacco and alcohol use. Moreover, we have generated several patient derived xenografts (PDXs) from these tissues, allowing further cellular, biochemical and preclinical therapeutic evaluation. Utilization of PDX tumors from this cohort will allow examination of critical steps in the development and potential treatment of invasive, metastatic, and recurrent Appalachian-associated disease. Matched patient and PDX sample availability enables personalized medicine and co-clinical trials aimed at reversing this Appalachian cancer health disparity and ultimately improving regional HNSCC patient care

Using Simulation to Improve Skills, Confidence, and Satisfaction Related to Diabetes Education

Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. and affects 30.3 million people (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2019). Research suggests that patients often have a limited knowledge and insight into self-management of diabetes mellitus (DM). Acceptance of the disease, insufficient knowledge, and noncompliance are the examples of key factors that affect the progress of the disease. Nurses play a key role in the delivery of diabetes education which can improve compliance. Simulation can be used to improve the nursing skill sets for diabetes education. The purpose of this project was to implement evidence-based diabetes education through simulation to staff nurses to improve nurses’ skills, confidence, and satisfaction while improving patient outcomes such as length of stay and readmission for diabetic complications. Findings indicate that participants given the diabetes education intervention, improved in knowledge and skill. These results indicate that there was improved knowledge of nurses after receiving diabetes management education. Simulation education is effective in increasing nurse competencies in the care of diabetic patients and the potential to improve patient outcomes. Keywords: diabetes management, knowledge level, evidence-based diabetes education, simulatio

A Solid-state NMR Study of Formoterol Fumarate

Spectra have been obtained for each of the three formoterol fumarate solvates diethanol, diisopropanol and dibenzyl alcohol and, with the aid of solution-state data and dipolar dephasing experiments, carbon-13 spectral assignments have been made. It was shown that diethanol and diisopropanol solvates are relatively stable to magic-angle spinning but do gradually convert to anhydrate C. The coalescence temperature of the methoxybenzene carbon atoms for diethanol, diisopropanol solvates and anhydrate C were found and an exchange rate for this ring-flip calculated. The formoterol fumarate dihydrate, anhydrate A, anhydrate B and anhydrate C have been prepared and spectra obtained, again with the aid of solution-state data and dipolar dephasing experiments carbon-13 spectral assignments have been made where possible. (^13)C and (^2)H T(_1) measurements suggest that the fumarate ion is mobile in the anhydrate C structure. A (^2)H DPMAS spectrum, however does not indicate isotropic motion for the ion. Water measurements of anhydrate A and anhydrate C indicate them to contain water. It is believed that this water is hydrogen bonded to the NH(_2)+ ion and is difficult to remove by heating. A route for preparing the solvates by bypassing the need to dry the dihydrate has-been found. An ethyl acetate solvate of formoterol fumarate was produced by slurrying anhydrate C with ethyl acetate

Investigating the Transfer of Learning, Psychological, and Neural Effects in Immersive Virtual Reality

Achieving mastery or expertise requires a substantial amount of quality practice. Recent technological developments have introduced a novel approach to practice, virtual reality. Specifically, virtual reality offers a low-cost, customizable opportunity to practice while minimizing the risk of the individual. Given that some types of practice may not lead to the acquisition of a motor skill, or worse, lead to detriments of that skill, understanding the developing science of motor behavior in relation to virtual reality is imperative. The following literature review will begin with a brief historical account of the evolution of virtual reality. Next, some terms of virtual reality will be defined, and the technological characteristics will be introduced. Then, fundamental theories of transfer of learning and important variables which likely contribute to transfer of learning will be discussed. In the following section, the current understanding of virtual reality and motor learning will be explained. Research that has examined transfer of learning within immersive virtual reality will then be examined and discussions of the findings and limitations will be presented. Finally, to address the aforementioned shortcomings, the following project was a two-experimental study to investigate the transfer of learning effects of virtual reality motor skill practice