Development of a CAx process chain for additive manufacturing of metal parts

Abweichender Titel nach Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersDie additive Fertigung und dabei im Speziellen die additive Fertigung von Endprodukten und Werkzeugen (rapid manufacturing), gilt als eine der Schlüsseltechnologien im Zusammenhang mit Industrie 4.0. Sie kann ihre Stärken vor allem dort ausspielen, wo konventionelle Fertigungsverfahren an ihre Grenzen stoßen. So bieten additive Verfahren durch die werkzeuglose Fertigung enorme Potentiale in der Gestaltungsfreiheit und Individualisierbarkeit der Produkte, sowie in der wirtschaftlichen Produktion von geringen Stückzahlen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, im Zuge der Anschaffung einer selektiven Laserschmelz-Maschine in der Pilotfabrik der TU Wien, den Produktentstehungsprozess und dabei vor allem die CAx-Prozesskette zu beleuchten. Bei der additiven Fertigung ist die Art der Herstellung und die damit zusammenhängenden Gestaltungsrichtlinien und Gestaltungsfreiheiten wesentlich für die Produktgestaltung bzw. Konstruktionssystematik. Aus diesem Grund erfolgen im zweiten Kapitel der Arbeit umfangreiche Erläuterungen zu den Grundlagen der additiven Fertigungsverfahren mit dem Focus auf selektivem Laserschmelzen (SLM). Darauf aufbauend werden die Implikationen für den virtuellen Produktentwicklungsprozess beleuchtet. Im Konstruktionsprozess spielen vor allem Simulationslösungen zur Topologie-Optimierung und Generierung von inneren Strukturen eine wesentliche Rolle, welche den konventionellen Konstruktionsprozess erweitern und dem Potential der Gestaltungsfreiheit Rechnung tragen sollen. Die anschließenden Datenaufbereitungsmaßnahmen zur Fertigungsvorbereitung stellen ebenfalls ein Spezifikum der additiven Fertigung dar, bei dem die Konvertierung der 3D Dateien in Facetten-Geometrien eine entscheidende Rolle spielt. Aufgrund der diversen Landschaft an Datei-Formaten (Schnittstellen) und Softwarelösungen, welche an den einzelnen Produktentstehungsschritten beteiligt sein können, wurden im Zuge einer umfangreichen Software- und Schnittstellenanalyse die wesentlichenAdditive manufacturing in general and additive manufacturing of end products in particular, are considered to be one of the key technologies in connection with industrie 4.0. Its strengths are located in areas where conventional manufacturing technologies are limited. Because of the toolless manufacturing process, additive methods have enormous potential in areas of freeform shape customization, as well as in profitable production of small quantities. The aim of this thesis is to examine the product development process in the course of the purchase of a selective laser melting maschine in the TU Wien Pilotfabrik, focusing in particular on the CAx-process chain. Regarding additive manufacturing, the production type along with its modeling principles play a major role for the product design scheme. Therefore the first chapter deals with the principles of additive manufacturing focusing on selective Laser melting (SLM). Based on that, the implications for virtual product development are examined. Within the design process, simulation solutions on topology optimization and generation of lattice structures are particularly crucial for the design freedom and hence, extend the possibilities of conventional design process. The following data preparation for the production process highlights another special feature of the process chain, where the conversion of the 3D Geometry is essential. The diverse landscape of data formats and software solutions involved in this product development process are analyzed, categorized and discussed in an extensive software and data format-analyses. The geometry reconstruction of topology optimization results was recognized as major criteria, which should be discussed in the context of the final case study, which deals with the construction and additive manufacturing of a bottle opener. For this reason 3 different workflows are built with the available software systems in order to exemplarily show the production development process of a b18

A report on recommendations for the most suitable financial contribution model for the Distributed System of Scientific Collections Research Infrastructure (DiSSCo-RI)

A key consideration during the preparatory phase project DiSSCo Prepare – which laid the foundations for the future Research Infrastructure DiSSCo (Distributed System of Scientific Collections) – was the need to establish a small number of alternative viable financial contribution models and a scalable formula which could be presented to potential funders, with a view to obtaining the minimum financial contribution necessary for DiSSCo to operate, as well as considering how the RI could grow with increased national funding.This report briefly explains the ERIC funding framework – as chosen for DiSSCo – and its legal constraints, in order to explain the key role played by national member contributions in the viability of an ERIC. An essential annex of the statutes that will be signed by all members of the ERIC is the member fee calculation. A proposal for the DiSSCo member fee calculation is set out in this document and is based on three main indicators: economic power (GDP), annual spending in research and development and population size. In the context of DiSSCo – and to ensure the ERIC can function – these indicators are connected to a fixed baseline fee of €50,000, in order to guarantee a minimum significant annual contribution from each participating country and avoid contributions that will be more expensive to manage than to benefit from. This baseline is multiplied by contribution factors which propose different ways to weight the various indicators.The method is established on an ideal scenario, whereby all 27 EU members, as well as the UK, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland sign the DiSSCo statutes and agree to the proposed member contribution calculation, amounting to €4.5 million for the annual budget of the ERIC. This scenario remains highly unlikely; therefore, a scaled approach has been envisaged, meaning the initial engagement of some countries will allow DiSSCo to begin its operation and implement its business strategy, whilst the growth of the ERIC and its activities is likely to evolve proportionally to the number of national members it is able to engage.This report also looks at the ways in which funding could be distributed amongst the DiSSCo members in order to implement decentralised services

A report on recommendations for the most suitable financial contribution model for the Distributed System of Scientific Collections Research Infrastructure (DiSSCo-RI)

A key consideration during the preparatory phase project DiSSCo Prepare – which laid the foundations for the future Research Infrastructure DiSSCo (Distributed System of Scientific Collections) – was the need to establish a small number of alternative viable financial contribution models and a scalable formula which could be presented to potential funders, with a view to obtaining the minimum financial contribution necessary for DiSSCo to operate, as well as considering how the RI could grow with increased national funding.This report briefly explains the ERIC funding framework – as chosen for DiSSCo – and its legal constraints, in order to explain the key role played by national member contributions in the viability of an ERIC. An essential annex of the statutes that will be signed by all members of the ERIC is the member fee calculation. A proposal for the DiSSCo member fee calculation is set out in this document and is based on three main indicators: economic power (GDP), annual spending in research and development and population size. In the context of DiSSCo – and to ensure the ERIC can function – these indicators are connected to a fixed baseline fee of €50,000, in order to guarantee a minimum significant annual contribution from each participating country and avoid contributions that will be more expensive to manage than to benefit from. This baseline is multiplied by contribution factors which propose different ways to weight the various indicators.The method is established on an ideal scenario, whereby all 27 EU members, as well as the UK, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland sign the DiSSCo statutes and agree to the proposed member contribution calculation, amounting to €4.5 million for the annual budget of the ERIC. This scenario remains highly unlikely; therefore, a scaled approach has been envisaged, meaning the initial engagement of some countries will allow DiSSCo to begin its operation and implement its business strategy, whilst the growth of the ERIC and its activities is likely to evolve proportionally to the number of national members it is able to engage.This report also looks at the ways in which funding could be distributed amongst the DiSSCo members in order to implement decentralised services

Biobankowanie ludzkiego materiału biologicznego dla celów naukowych w Polsce i w Europie

Biobanks are one of the 10 Ideas Changing the World Right now – according to Time Magazine (2009). Samples and data deposition have become an increasing. trend in the world. Europe has invested a lot of money into infrastructures responsible for collection and storage of human biological samples. Poland, a country with a population of over 38.5 million people has just started investing funds into this powerful and indispensable tool for scientific research. Consortium of Polish Biobanks named as BBMRI.pl consisting of seven well-established biobanks developed a project for the Creation of the Polish Biobanking Network in order to organise our infrastructures according to world-recognized standards. The main tasks include: creation of Consortium of Polish Biobanks, development of IT solutions coherent with pan European needs, development of quality assurance tools, establishment of the Biobanking National Node, development of quality control programme and analysis of Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of research using human samples. Results of this project will increase Poland’s position in the international research arena of biomedicine, make our biorepositories open for international collaboration and in the future will contribute to the development of personalized medicine

Quantifying the use of bioresources for promoting their sharing in scientific research.

International audienceAn increasing portion of biomedical research relies on the use of biobanks and databases. Sharing of such resources is essential for optimizing knowledge production. A major obstacle for sharing bioresources is the lack of recognition for the efforts involved in establishing, maintaining and sharing them, due to, in particular, the absence of adequate tools. Increasing demands on biobanks and databases to improve access should be complemented with efforts of end-users to recognize and acknowledge these resources. An appropriate set of tools must be developed and implemented to measure this impact.To address this issue we propose to measure the use in research of such bioresources as a value of their impact, leading to create an indicator: Bioresource Research Impact Factor (BRIF). Key elements to be assessed are: defining obstacles to sharing samples and data, choosing adequate identifier for bioresources, identifying and weighing parameters to be considered in the metrics, analyzing the role of journal guidelines and policies for resource citing and referencing, assessing policies for resource access and sharing and their influence on bioresource use. This work allows us to propose a framework and foundations for the operational development of BRIF that still requires input from stakeholders within the biomedical community

Diabetes and breast cancer risk : a meta analysis

The potential of an increased risk of breast cancer in women with diabetes has been the subject of a great deal of recent research. A meta-analysis was undertaken using a random effects model to investigate the association between diabetes and breast cancer risk. Thirty nine independent risk estimates were available from observational epidemiological studies. The Summary Relative Risk (SRR) for breast cancer in women with diabetes was 1.27 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.16-1.39) with no evidence of publication bias. Prospective studies showed a lower risk (SRR 1.23 [95% CI, 1.12-1.35]) than retrospective studies (SRR 1.36 [95% CI, 1.13-1.63]). Type 1 diabetes, or diabetes in pre-menopausal women, were not associated with risk of breast cancer (SRR 1.00 [95% CI, 0.74-1.35] and SRR 0.86 [95% CI, 0.66-1.12] respectively). Studies adjusting for body mass index (BMI) showed lower estimates (SRR 1.16 [95% CI, 1.08-1.24]), as compared to those not adjusted (SRR 1.33 [95% CI, 1.18-1.51]). Conclusions: The risk of breast cancer in women with type 2 diabetes is increased by 27% but not for women at pre-menopausal ages or with type 1 diabetes. BMI appears to be a potential confounder related to both diabetes and breast cancer

Toward a roadmap in global biobanking for health

Biobanks can have a pivotal role in elucidating disease etiology, translation, and advancing public health. However, meeting these challenges hinges on a critical shift in the way science is conducted and requires biobank harmonization. There is growing recognition that a common strategy is imperative to develop biobanking globally and effectively. To help guide this strategy, we articulate key principles, goals, and priorities underpinning a roadmap for global biobanking to accelerate health science, patient care, and public health. The need to manage and share very large amounts of data has driven innovations on many fronts. Although technological solutions are allowing biobanks to reach new levels of integration, increasingly powerful data-collection tools, analytical techniques, and the results they generate raise new ethical and legal issues and challenges, necessitating a reconsideration of previous policies, practices, and ethical norms. These manifold advances and the investments that support them are also fueling opportunities for biobanks to ultimately become integral parts of health-care systems in many countries. International harmonization to increase interoperability and sustainability are two strategic priorities for biobanking. Tackling these issues requires an environment favorably inclined toward scientific funding and equipped to address socio-ethical challenges. Cooperation and collaboration must extend beyond systems to enable the exchange of data and samples to strategic alliances between many organizations, including governmental bodies, funding agencies, public and private science enterprises, and other stakeholders, including patients. A common vision is required and we articulate the essential basis of such a vision herein