Carcinomas of Distal Fallopian Tube and Their Association with Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma: Do They Share a Common “Precursor” Lesion? Loss of Heterozygosity and Immunohistochemical Analysis Using PAX 2, WT-1, and P53 Markers

As the role of distal fallopian tube as organ of serous carcinogenesis is emerging, additional literature on the role of tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (TIC) as a precursor lesion in a subset of primary peritoneal serous carcinomas (PPSC is emerging as well. TIC although fallopian tube in origin can be genetically related to ovarian/peritoneal carcinomas. The role of PAX2 in primary fallopian tube carcinomas (PFTC)/PPSC is yet to be defined. The aim of our study was to understand if the biologic properties of tumors arising in the distal fallopian tube that remain as PFTC are different when they seed on to the peritoneal surface (PPSC). A panel of 6 polymorphic microsatellite markers corresponding to p53, PAX2, and WT1 tumor suppressor genes were studied. Invasive carcinomas as well as TIC arising in the distal fallopian tube when remain as PFTC appears to exhibit different LOH patterns in comparison to PPSC. PAX 2 LOH patterns might represent a “hidden PAX 2 signature” analogous to p53 signatures. PAX 2 might be an emerging marker for detection of early serous carcinomas particularly in BRCA + women

The Cancer Genomics Resource List 2014

Context.— Genomic sequencing for cancer is offered by commercial for-profit laboratories, independent laboratory networks, and laboratories in academic medical centers and integrated health networks. The variability among the tests has created a complex, confusing environment. Objective.— To address the complexity, the Personalized Health Care (PHC) Committee of the College of American Pathologists proposed the development of a cancer genomics resource list (CGRL). The goal of this resource was to assist the laboratory pathology and clinical oncology communities. Design.— The PHC Committee established a working group in 2012 to address this goal. The group consisted of site-specific experts in cancer genetic sequencing. The group identified current next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based cancer tests and compiled them into a usable resource. The genes were annotated by the working group. The annotation process drew on published knowledge, including public databases and the medical literature. Results.— The compiled list includes NGS panels offered by 19 laboratories or vendors, accompanied by annotations. The list has 611 different genes for which NGS-based mutation testing is offered. Surprisingly, of these 611 genes, 0 genes were listed in every panel, 43 genes were listed in 4 panels, and 54 genes were listed in 3 panels. In addition, tests for 393 genes were offered by only 1 or 2 institutions. Table 1 provides an example of gene mutations offered for breast cancer genomic testing with the annotation as it appears in the CGRL 2014. Conclusions.— The final product, referred to as the Cancer Genomics Resource List 2014, is available as supplemental digital content

Nomenclature revision for encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma:a paradigm shift to reduce overtreatment of indolent tumors

Although growing evidence points to highly indolent behavior of encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (EFVPTC), most patients with EFVPTC are treated as having conventional thyroid cancer

Europe-wide expansion and eradication of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae lineages: a genomic surveillance study

Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance and the Euro-GASP study group: Sonja Pleininger, Alexander Indra, Irith De Baetselier, Wim Vanden Berghe, Blaženka Hunjak, Tatjana Nemeth Blažić, Panayiota Maikanti-Charalambous, Despo Pieridou, Hana Zákoucká, Helena Žemličková, Steen Hoffmann, Susan Cowan, Lasse Jessen Schwartz, Rita Peetso, Jevgenia Epstein, Jelena Viktorova, Ndeindo Ndeikoundam, Beatrice Bercot, Cécile Bébéar, Florence Lot, Susanne Buder, Klaus Jansen, Vivi Miriagou, Georgios Rigakos, Vasilios Raftopoulos, Eszter Balla, Mária Dudás, Lena Rós Ásmundsdóttir, Guðrún Sigmundsdóttir, Guðrún Svanborg Hauksdóttir, Thorolfur Gudnason, Aoife Colgan, Brendan Crowley, Sinéad Saab, Paola Stefanelli, Anna Carannante, Patrizia Parodi, Gatis Pakarna, Raina Nikiforova, Antra Bormane, Elina Dimina, Monique Perrin, Tamir Abdelrahman, Joël Mossong, Jean-Claude Schmit, Friedrich Mühlschlegel, Christopher Barbara, Francesca Mifsud, Alje Van Dam, Birgit Van Benthem, Maartje Visser, Ineke Linde, Hilde Kløvstad, Dominique Caugant, Beata Młynarczyk-Bonikowska, Jacinta Azevedo, Maria-José Borrego, Marina Lurdes Ramos Nascimento, Peter Pavlik, Irena Klavs, Andreja Murnik, Samo Jeverica, Tanja Kustec, Julio Vázquez Moreno, Asuncion Diaz, Raquel Abad, Inga Velicko, Magnus Unemo, Helen Fifer, Jill Shepherd, Lynsey PattersonBackground: Genomic surveillance using quality-assured whole-genome sequencing (WGS) together with epidemiological and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data is essential to characterise the circulating Neisseria gonorrhoeae lineages and their association to patient groups (defined by demographic and epidemiological factors). In 2013, the European gonococcal population was characterised genomically for the first time. We describe the European gonococcal population in 2018 and identify emerging or vanishing lineages associated with AMR and epidemiological characteristics of patients, to elucidate recent changes in AMR and gonorrhoea epidemiology in Europe. Methods: We did WGS on 2375 gonococcal isolates from 2018 (mainly Sept 1-Nov 30) in 26 EU and EEA countries. Molecular typing and AMR determinants were extracted from quality-checked genomic data. Association analyses identified links between genomic lineages, AMR, and epidemiological data. Findings: Azithromycin-resistant N gonorrhoeae (8·0% [191/2375] in 2018) is rising in Europe due to the introduction or emergence and subsequent expansion of a novel N gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) genogroup, G12302 (132 [5·6%] of 2375; N gonorrhoeae sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance [NG-STAR] clonal complex [CC]168/63), carrying a mosaic mtrR promoter and mtrD sequence and found in 24 countries in 2018. CC63 was associated with pharyngeal infections in men who have sex with men. Susceptibility to ceftriaxone and cefixime is increasing, as the resistance-associated lineage, NG-MAST G1407 (51 [2·1%] of 2375), is progressively vanishing since 2009-10. Interpretation: Enhanced gonococcal AMR surveillance is imperative worldwide. WGS, linked to epidemiological and AMR data, is essential to elucidate the dynamics in gonorrhoea epidemiology and gonococcal populations as well as to predict AMR. When feasible, WGS should supplement the national and international AMR surveillance programmes to elucidate AMR changes over time. In the EU and EEA, increasing low-level azithromycin resistance could threaten the recommended ceftriaxone-azithromycin dual therapy, and an evidence-based clinical azithromycin resistance breakpoint is needed. Nevertheless, increasing ceftriaxone susceptibility, declining cefixime resistance, and absence of known resistance mutations for new treatments (zoliflodacin, gepotidacin) are promising.This study was supported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, the Li Ka Shing Foundation (Big Data Institute, University of Oxford), the Wellcome Genome Campus, the Foundation for Medical Research at Örebro University Hospital, and grants from Wellcome (098051 and 099202). LSB was funded by Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública, Generalitat Valenciana (Plan GenT CDEI-06/20-B), Valencia, Spain, and Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PID2020–120113RA-I00), Spain, at the time of analysing and writing this manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Competitiveness of EU and Japan and their Comparison

Import 31/08/2009Diplomová práce se zabývala problematikou tzv. strategie konkurenceschopnosti EU a Japonska. Cílem diplomové práce bylo popsat přístupy a celkovou strategii konkurenceschopnosti dvou zmíněných území z komplexního hlediska a následně provést srovnání. Práci tvořily tři stěžejní oblasti. První z nich byla věnována teoretické náplní, která poskytla především základní pohled na problematiku konkurenceschopnosti dnes a stanovila takto určité předpoklady, na kterých byly dále rozebírány přístupy ke konkurenceschopnosti ve sledovaných územích. Druhá oblast rozebírala zvláště systémy konkurenceschopnosti v Japonsku a EU. Byla popsána jednak základní východiska, na kterých systém mohl být založen, jednak došlo k rozboru důležitých dokumentů. Bylo zde rovněž zveřejněno hodnocení efektivity systémů konkurenceschopnosti světovými organizacemi na základě ekonomických a dalších ukazatelů. V rámci třetí stěžejní oblasti došlo ke komplexnímu statisticko-ekonomicko-společenskému srovnání strategií, resp. jednotlivých oblastí života společnosti. Přičemž na základě výše popsaných východisek byl učiněn závěr, že strategie konkurenceschopnosti EU je především konceptem „shora dolů“, zatímco japonský systém konkurenceschopnosti je konceptem „zdola nahoru“. Za přínos práce bylo možné považovat komplexní náhled na důležitý fenomén současného ekonomického prostředí, a to konkurenceschopnost, ve dvou významných ekonomikách, a to v rámci EU a Japonska.The Graduation Theses has been targed the competitiveness strategy of the EU and Japan. The description of the individual approaches and of the overall competitiveness strategy in two mentioned territories and resulting comparison of these approaches was the aim of the Thesis. The Thesis contents has been consisted of three important units. First of them forms the theoretical part focused on the today general view of the competitiveness. This area has created specific presumptions by that to analyse individual competitiveness approaches in monitoring territories. The second unit of the Thesis has been monitoring individual approaches of the compititiveness separately in different chapters. Firstly basic data have been described which could to create the system, secondly important documents from competitiveness policy have been analysed too. Ranking and valuation by worldwide organisations from economic and other areas have been issued here too. The third fundamental unit has provided comprehensive statistical, economic and social comparison of individual strategies, rspectively of individual social life areas. At the close of the Thesis the conclusion has showed the EU competitiveness concept called „top-down“ and the Japanese concept which could be called „bottom up“. The benfit of the Thesis could be complete description of the today economic area´s phenomenon, that is the competitiveness, in two signifiant economic systems, the EU and Japan.Prezenční120 - Katedra evropské integracevýborn

Comparison of the Czech export policy with selected countries (Russia, Belorussia)

Import 30/07/2007Prezenční120 - Katedra evropské integrac

On some of the basic trends in Russian higher education in the context of transition to education for sustainable development

The paper discusses the basic trends in the system of Russian higher education in the light of transition to the model of education for sustainable development. Special attention is given to some tendencies in language teaching in institutions of higher education, humanitarian focus of higher education being emphasized

Blended Learning Practices in Russian Higher Education: Benefits, Challenges, Perspectives

The COVID-19 pandemic and a forced lockdown in spring 2020 made us reconsider the way we deliver higher education. Today we are all adopting new teaching tools and methods and redesigning our materials to be meant for diverse educational contexts. The present paper deals with the phenomenon of blended learning, which is a relatively new approach in Russian higher education. We introduce and critically discuss the concept of blended learning and given our own experience and the data of the survey we have conducted we analyze the strengths and weaknesses of blended learning approach and assess the prospects of its implementation in Russian higher education

Intercultural competence and intercultural communication in the context of education for sustainable development

The paper discusses the essence of intercultural competence in the light of transition to education for sustainable development. The authors provide critical review of the concept of intercultural competence and its components. The interrelation of intercultural and linguistic competences in higher education has been reevaluated. Special attention has been given to Intercultural Communication as an academic discipline. The authors stress the importance of developing intercultural competence as an integral part of University education

Performance Degradations of MISFET-Based Hydrogen Sensors with Pd-Ta₂O₅-SiO₂-Si Structure at Long-Time Operation

There are presented the generalized results of studies of performance degradation of hydrogen sensors based on MISFET with structure Pd-Ta2O5-SiO2-Si. It was shown how responses’ parameters change during long-term tests of sensors under repeated hydrogen impacts. There were found two stages of time-dependence response’ instability, the degradation degree of which depends on operating conditions, hydrogen concentrations and time. To interpret results there were proposed the models, parameters of which were calculated using experimental data. These models can be used to predict performances of MISFET-based devices for long-time operation