Film als Medium der Integration

Integrationspolitik war lange Zeit ein unbeachtetes Thema in Europa. Die Folge ist die allgegenwärtige Angst vor dem Fremden und damit verbunden steigender Rassismus, Antiislam und eine Rückbesinnung auf nationales Kulturgut. Meine Arbeit möchte zeigen, dass wir schon längst in einem inter- und transkulturellem Europa leben, das seine Identität nicht mehr aus der nationalen Kultur schöpft, sondern aus einer regionalen kulturellen Vielfalt, die sich durch den ständigen Prozess der Bewegung kontinuierlich verändert und vermischt. Die Politik der Europäischen Union schaffte vor allem im kulturellen Bereich die Vorraussetzungen für einen Austausch zwischen Künstlern und fördert bis heute filmische Koproduktionen durch finanzielle Unterstützungen. Spannungen zwischen Ethnien, Staaten und Kulturen sind jedoch weiterhin vorhanden und bilden die Themen zeitgenössischer europäischer Filme. Neben zahlreichen sonstigen Filmbeispielen sollen im Speziellen die drei Gewinner des LUX-Filmpreises des Europäischen Parlaments von 2007-2009 - Auf der anderen Seite, Lornas Schweigen und Welcome - besondere Beachtung hinsichtlich der Thematik der Grenzüberschreitung und Integration erhalten. Mit dem Migrationsthema stellt sich auch immer die Frage nach der Heimat. „Wo aber ist Heimat für den Immigranten? Sie kann nur in der Kultur der Métissage selbst, im Leben zwischen den Kulturen [...] liegen. [...] Sie muss gefunden, ja, sie muss erfunden werden. Zum Beispiel durch das Kino.“ Das interkulturelle Kino bildet eines der wichtigsten Instrumente in der europäischen Integrationpolitik. Es gibt jenen eine Stimme, die am Rande der Gesellschaft stehen und vermittelt ein repräsentatives Bild der „Fremden“, die die Menschen oftmals nur fürchten, weil sie sie nicht kennen. Mit der Macht der Bilder kann jedoch ein Dialog zwischen den Kulturen eröffnet werden, der die Bahnen für ein integriertes Europa weist, das nach den Werten der Demokratie, der Menschenrechte, der Solidarität und der Vielfalt und nach dem Willen aller Bürgerinnen und Bürger Europas geleitet wird

Biomineralisations en carbonate de calcium chez les métazoaires : tendances macro-évolutives - Défis pour la décennie à venir.

16 pagesInternational audienceCalcium carbonate-based biominerals, also referred as biocalcifications, are the most abundant biogenic mineralized products at the surface of the Earth. In this paper, we summarize general concepts on biocalcifications and we sketch macro-evolutionary trends throughout the history of the Earth, from Archean to Phanerozoic times. Then, we expose five fundamental issues that represent key-challenges in biocalcification researches for the coming decade: the first one concerns the comprehension of the micro- and nano-structure of calcium carbonate biominerals from a mineral viewpoint, while the second one deals with the understanding of the dynamic process of their fabrication. The third one treats the subtle interplay between organics and the mineral phase. The fourth issue focuses on an environmental challenge related to ocean acidification (OA); at last, the diagenetic processes that affect biogenic calcium carbonate mineral constitute the fifth issue.Les biocalcifications, ou biominéraux en carbonate de calcium, sont les minéralisations biogéniques les plusabondantes à la surface du globe. Le présent article montre comment les biocalcifications sont à l’origine de certainsconcepts scientifiques d’importance, et comment elles ont évolué au cours des temps géologiques, de l’Archéen au Phanérozoïque.Cinq défis majeurs y ayant trait sont ensuite identifiés pour les années à venir : le premier vise à comprendrela structure des biocalcifications aux échelles micro- et nanométriques, tandis que le second s’interroge sur leprocessus dynamique de leur formation. Le troisième défi traite des interactions complexes entre constituants organiqueset phase minérale. Le quatrième se focalise sur des questions environnementales cruciales, notamment l’acidificationocéanique. Le dernier défi consiste à comprendre comment les phénomènes diagénétiques et la fossilisationaffectent les biocalcifications dans leur globalité

Influence of grain growth on CO2 ice spectroscopic profiles : Modelling for dense cores and disks

Interstellar dust grain growth in dense clouds and protoplanetary disks, even moderate, affects the observed interstellar ice profiles as soon as a significant fraction of dust grains is in the size range close to the wave vector at the considered wavelength. The continuum baseline correction made prior to analysing ice profiles influences the subsequent analysis and hence the estimated ice composition, typically obtained by band fitting using thin film ice mixture spectra. We model the effect of grain growth on ice mantle spectroscopic profiles, focusing on CO2 to see how it can affect interstellar ice mantle spectral analysis and interpretation. Using the Discrete Dipole Approximation for Scattering and Absorption of Light, the mass absorption coefficients of distributions of grains composed of ellipsoidal silicate cores with water and carbon dioxide ice mantles are calculated. A few other ice mantle compositions are also calculated. We explore the size distribution evolution from dense clouds to simulate the first steps of grain growth up to three microns in size. The results are injected into RADMC-3D full scattering radiative transfer models of spherical clouds and protoplanetary disk templates to retrieve observable spectral energy distributions. We focus on calculated profile of the CO2 antisymmetric stretching mode ice band profile at 4.27 microns, a meaningful indicator of grain growth. The observed profiles toward dense cores with the Infrared space observatory and Akari satellites already showed profiles possibly indicative of moderate grain growth.The observation of protoplanetary disks at high inclination with the JWST should present distorted profiles that will put constraints on the extent of dust growth. The more evolved the dust size distribution, the more the extraction of the ice mantle composition will require both understanding and taking into account grain growth.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figure

Effect of oxidoreduction potential and of gas bubbling on rheological properties and microstructure of acid skim milk gels acidified with glucono-delta-lactone

Milk oxidoreduction potential was modified using gases during the production of a model dairy product and its effect on gel setting was studied. Acidification by glucono-δ-lactone was used to examine the physicochemistry of gelation and to avoid variations due to microorganisms sensitive to oxidoreduction potential.Four conditions of oxidoreduction potential were appliedto milk: milk was gassed with air, nongassed, gassed with N2, or gassed with N2H2. The rheologicalproperties and microstructure of these gels were determined using viscoelasticimetry, measurement of whey separation, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. It appeared that a reducing environment led to less-aggregated proteins within the matrix and consequently decreased whey separation significantly. The use of gas to modify oxidoreduction potential is a possible way to improve the quality of dairy products

A wide diversity of cortical GABAergic interneurons derives from the embryonic preoptic area

GABA-containing (GABAergic) interneurons comprise a very heterogeneous group of cells that are crucial for cortical function. Different classes of interneurons specialize in targeting specific subcellular domains of excitatory pyramidal cells or other interneurons, which provides cortical circuits with an enormous capability for information processing. As in other regions of the CNS, cortical interneuron diversity is thought to emerge from the genetic specification of different groups of progenitor cells within the subpallium. Most cortical interneurons originate from two main regions, the medial and the caudal ganglionic eminences (MGE and CGE, respectively). In addition, it has been shown that progenitors in the embryonic preoptic area (POA) also produce a small population of cortical GABAergic interneurons. Here, we show that the contribution of the POA to the complement of cortical GABAergic interneurons is larger than previously believed. Using genetic fate mapping and in utero transplantation experiments, we demonstrate that Dbx1-expressing progenitor cells in the POA give rise to a small but highly diverse cohort of cortical interneurons, with some neurochemical and electrophysiological characteristics that were previously attributed to MGE- or CGE-derived interneurons. There are, however, some features that seem to distinguish POA-derived interneurons from MGE- or CGE-derived cells, such as their preferential laminar location. These results indicate that the mechanisms controlling the specification of different classes of cortical interneurons might be more complex than previously expected. Together with earlier findings, our results also suggest that the POA generates nearly 10% of the GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex of the mous

A wide diversity of cortical GABAergic interneurons derives from the embryonic preoptic area

GABA-containing (GABAergic) interneurons comprise a very heterogeneous group of cells that are crucial for cortical function. Different classes of interneurons specialize in targeting specific subcellular domains of excitatory pyramidal cells or other interneurons, which provides cortical circuits with an enormous capability for information processing. As in other regions of the CNS, cortical interneuron diversity is thought to emerge from the genetic specification of different groups of progenitor cells within the subpallium. Most cortical interneurons originate from two main regions, the medial and the caudal ganglionic eminences (MGE and CGE, respectively). In addition, it has been shown that progenitors in the embryonic preoptic area (POA) also produce a small population of cortical GABAergic interneurons. Here, we show that the contribution of the POA to the complement of cortical GABAergic interneurons is larger than previously believed. Using genetic fate mapping and in utero transplantation experiments, we demonstrate that Dbx1-expressing progenitor cells in the POA give rise to a small but highly diverse cohort of cortical interneurons, with some neurochemical and electrophysiological characteristics that were previously attributed to MGE- or CGE-derived interneurons. There are, however, some features that seem to distinguish POA-derived interneurons from MGE- or CGE-derived cells, such as their preferential laminar location. These results indicate that the mechanisms controlling the specification of different classes of cortical interneurons might be more complex than previously expected. Together with earlier findings, our results also suggest that the POA generates nearly 10% of the GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex of the mouse.Fil: Gelman, Diego Matias. Universidad Miguel Hernández; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Neurociencia de Alicante; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Griveau, Amelie. Universite Paris Diderot - Paris 7; FranciaFil: Dehorter, Nathalie. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Neurociencia de Alicante; España. Universidad Miguel Hernández; EspañaFil: Teissier, Anne. Universite Paris Diderot - Paris 7; FranciaFil: Varela, Carolina. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Neurociencia de Alicante; España. Universidad Miguel Hernández; EspañaFil: Pla, Ramon. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Neurociencia de Alicante; España. Universidad Miguel Hernández; EspañaFil: Pierani, Alessandra. Universite Paris Diderot - Paris 7; FranciaFil: Marin, Oscar. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Neurociencia de Alicante; España. Universidad Miguel Hernández; Españ

Phosphate Import in Plants: Focus on the PHT1 Transporters

The main source of phosphorus for plants is inorganic phosphate (Pi), which is characterized by its poor availability and low mobility. Uptake of this element from the soil relies heavily upon the PHT1 transporters, a specific family of plant plasma membrane proteins that were identified by homology with the yeast PHO84 Pi transporter. Since the discovery of PHT1 transporters in 1996, various studies have revealed that their function is controlled by a highly complex network of regulation. This review will summarize the current state of research on plant PHT1 multigenic families, including physiological, biochemical, molecular, cellular, and genetics studies

Shigella Effector IpaB-Induced Cholesterol Relocation Disrupts the Golgi Complex and Recycling Network to Inhibit Host Cell Secretion

Shigella infection causes destruction of the human colonic epithelial barrier. The Golgi network and recycling endosomes are essential for maintaining epithelial barrier function. Here we show that Shigella epithelial invasion induces fragmentation of the Golgi complex with consequent inhibition of both secretion and retrograde transport in the infected host cell. Shigella induces tubulation of the Rab11-positive compartment, thereby affecting cell surface receptor recycling. The molecular process underlying the observed damage to the Golgi complex and receptor recycling is a massive redistribution of plasma membrane cholesterol to the sites of Shigella entry. IpaB, a virulence factor of Shigella that is known to bind cholesterol, is necessary and sufficient to induce Golgi fragmentation and reorganization of the recycling compartment. Shigella infection-induced Golgi disorganization was also observed in vivo, suggesting that this mechanism affecting the sorting of cell surface molecules likely contributes to host epithelial barrier disruption associated with Shigella pathogenesis

Plasma thioredoxin levels during post-cardiac arrest syndrome: relationship with severity and outcome

International audienceIntroductionDespite experimental evidence, clinical demonstration of acute state of oxidative stress and inflammation during post-cardiac arrest syndrome is lacking. Plasma level of thioredoxin (TRX), a redox-active protein induced under conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation, is increased in various critical care conditions. We determined plasma TRX concentrations after cardiac arrest and assessed relationships with severity and outcome.MethodsRetrospective study of consecutive patients admitted to a single academic intensive care unit (ICU) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (between July 2006 and March 2008). Plasma levels of TRX were measured at admission, day (D) 1, 2 and 3.ResultsOf 176 patients included, median TRX values measured in ICU survivors and non-survivors were, respectively: 22 ng/mL (7.8 to 77) vs. 72.4 (21.9 to 117.9) at admission (P TRX levels on admission were significantly correlated with 'low-flow' duration (P = 0.003), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (P ConclusionsOur data show for the first time that TRX levels were elevated early following cardiac arrest, suggestive of oxidative stress and inflammation occurring with this condition. Highest values were found in the most severe patients. TRX could be a useful tool for further exploration and comprehension of post-cardiac arrest syndrome