Novel cetacean morbillivirus in Guiana dolphin, Brazil

We thank Ariosvaldo Pinto dos Santos and volunteers for the valuable help during the fieldwork; Projeto TAMAR and Parque Estadual de Itaúnas for reporting stranded marine mammals and providing logistical support in many stranding events; Jane Megid, Adriana Cortez, Susan D. Allendorf, Cíntia Maria Favero, and laboratory staffs from participating institutions for assistance during analysis; and the journal editor and 2 anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo provided grants (processes 2010/50094-3, 2011/08357-0 and 2012/00021-5), which are greatly appreciated. Veracel Celulose provided financial support to the Rescue Program. Projeto Baleia Jubarte is sponsored by Petroleo Brasileiro (Petrobras). J.L.C.-D. is a recipient of a professorship by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico–CNPq (301517/2006-1).FAPESPT - Processes 2010/50094-3, 2011/08357-0 and 2012/00021-5CNPq - 301517/2006-1Carta ao Editor

Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in Aquatic Mammals, Amazon Basin, Brazil

4 Pág. Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA)Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas) are uncultivable bacteria that infect mammals, including humans. We detected a potentially novel hemoplasma species in blood samples from wild river dolphins in the Amazon River Basin, Brazil. Further investigation could determine pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of the detected hemoplasma.This study was funded by Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (scholarship no. 141868/2019-8 and fellowship no. 304999-18), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (scholarship no. 2016/20956-0 and grant no. 2018/25069-7), and by the Juan de la Cierva incorporación and formación fellowship nos. IJC2020-046019-I and FJC2020-046311-1, the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the Small Grant in Aid of Research from the Society for Marine Mammalogy.Peer reviewe

Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the estuarine dolphin (Sotalia guianensis van Bénéden, 1864)

The importance of the tongue during feeding, and the limited information on the tongue of most aquatic mammals led us to investigate its morphological aspects in sexually immature and mature Sotalia guianensis. Six tongues were measured and photo-documented after their removal from the oral cavity. The samples were divided into rostral, middle, and caudal regions, and examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.). Sotalia guianensis tongue presented lateral grooves from the apex to the middle portion, while the anterolateral region presented marginal papillae. Histological characteristics revealed the presence of a keratinized stratified epithelium, salivary glands in the middle and caudal portions of the tongue, and filiform papillae in the caudal region. S.E.M. images revealed the presence of filiform papillae and ducts of salivary glands in the middle and caudal portions of the tongue. We can conclude that the characteristics found in this study may reflect an adaptation to changes in diet after weaning. © 2011 Zoological Society of Japan

Unusual incidence of chronic pneumonia associated with cholesterol deposits in stranded and bycaught franciscanas Pontoporia blainvillei

Franciscanas Pontoporia blainvillei are small dolphins endemic to Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. During routine pathologic examinations, chronic pneumonia associated with cholesterol deposits was found in 16.7% of stranded and incidentally bycaught franciscanas (n = 60), and was more frequent in dolphins from the Brazilian state of São Paulo (Franciscana Management Area II) and frequently accompanied by splenic lymphoid hyperplasia. It is unclear why these otherwise uncommon lesions were relatively frequent in the studied dolphins, and further research is advisedFAPESP 99/12335-8FAPESP 00/14669-0CNPq 301517-2006-

Identificação molecular de larva de Pseudoterranova azarasi em bacalhau (Gadus sp.) vendido para consumo humano no Brasil

Os termos Anisakiasis e Pseudoterranovosis são utilizados para doença em humanos causada pela ingestão de larvas vivas de parasitas da Família Anisakidae em peixes crus, mal cozidos ou levemente marinados. As larvas foram coletadas de bacalhau salgado vendido para consumo humano num mercado de São Paulo em 2013. Uma parte da larva de cor castanha foi utilizada em análises moleculares. A sequencia parcial do gene COX2 obtida da larva mostrou 99,8% de identidade de nucleotídeos com Pseudoterranova azarasi, que faz parte do complexo de espécies Pseudoterranova decipiens. O risco de reação alérgica envolvido no consumo de larvas mortas em peixe salgado não é bem conhecido e deve ser considerado.Anisakiasis and Pseudoterranovosis are human diseases caused by the ingestion of live Anisakidae larvae in raw, undercooked or lightly marinated fish. Larvae were collected from one salted cod sold for human consumption in a Sao Paulo market in 2013. One section of one brownish larva was used for molecular analyses. The partial COX2 gene sequence from the larva had a nucleotide identity of 99.8 % with Pseudoterranova azarasi, which belongs to the Pseudoterranova decipiens species complex. The risk of allergy when consuming dead larvae in salted fish is not well known and should be considered

Data from: Geographical and intrapopulation variation in the diet of a threatened marine predator, Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea)

Diet variation can occur in geographically structured populations due to variation in prey availability. Within locations, diet may vary due to effects of season, sex, age, and individual. Nevertheless, these sources of variation are seldom considered together in dietary studies. Major efforts are underway to investigate population and ecological traits of marine organisms to set guidelines for conservation and management. Examining diet variation is a major concern when developing conservation guidelines for threatened species, especially for marine predators whose prey availability can be reduced by commercial fisheries. We analyzed diet variation at the geographical and intrapopulation levels for detecting stocks of the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) within São Paulo State coast. We analyzed samples of stomach contents of individuals incidentally caught by artisanal fisheries. We investigated the geographical (Northern, Central, and Southern regions of São Paulo State coast, Brazil) and intrapopulation effects of season, sex, and age. We used the leave-one-out cross validation method to test for significance of the proportional similarity index, which measures the overlap between diet compositions. We found diet variation in the franciscana dolphin across different levels, from the geographical to the individual level, including the effects of season, sex, and age. Diet variation as a function of age suggests an ontogenetic diet shift for the species. Our findings indicate that ecological processes within local stocks must drive management actions at local geographic scales. Evidence for ecological differences between franciscana stocks is of great significance for the conservation of this threatened species