Theme C: Medical information systems and databases - results and future work

International audienceThis paper presents the activities of the theme C “medical information systems and databases” in the GDR Stic Santé. Six one-day workshops have been organized during the period 2011–2012. They were devoted to 1) sharing anatomical and physiological object models for simulation of clinical medical images, 2) advantages and limitations of datawarehouse for biological data, 3) medical information engineering, 4) systems for sharing medical images for research, 5) knowledge engineering for semantic interoperability in e-health applications, and 6) using context in health. In the future, our activities will continue with a specific interest on information systems for translational medicine and the role of electronic healthcare reports in decision-making. Workshops with other research groups will be organized in particular with the e-health research group

Protéger les jeunes et développer le pouvoir d’agir de leurs parents. Une analyse des pratiques d’implication parentale en centre jeunesse

Cet article rapporte les résultats d’une étude évaluative portant sur les pratiques d’implication parentale des intervenants sociaux du Centre jeunesse de Québec. La présente évaluation met l’accent sur les composantes et sur les processus relevant des pratiques qui contribuent à l’implication des parents dont un jeune reçoit des services en vertu de la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse. Cet article porte, d’une part, sur les représentations qu’ont les intervenants de l’implication parentale et, d’autre part, sur les rôles qu’ils jouent en vue de favoriser cette implication. Ces résultats sont examinés à la lumière de la théorie sur l’empowerment des individus, qui constitue le cadre conceptuel de cette étude.In this paper, results of an evaluative study pertaining to parental involvement practices of social practicioners from Le Centre jeunesse de Québec are presented. The evaluation being described focuses on practice components and processes sustaining parental involvement of parents whose child is receiving services under Québec’s Youth Protection Law. The representations that workers have, along with the various roles they adopt in order to encourage parental involvement, are discussed. The results will be examined in the light of empowerment theory that is the conceptual framework for this study

Genetic diversity for RAPD markers between cultivated and wild accessions of Coffea arabica

Des marqueurs RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) ont été utilisés avec succès pour analyser la diversité génétique parmi des accessions sauvages et cultivées de #Coffea arabica. La base génétique étroite des cultivars est confirmée. En revanche, une relative large diversité est observée dans le matériel sauvage illustrant l'intérêt des prospections. Des résultats suggèrent une différenciation génétique Est-Ouest en Ethiopie qui constitue le centre primaire de diversification de #C. arabica. L'important effet d'hétérosis observé chez des hybrides intergroupes pourrait être lié à cette différenciation génétique. La méthode RAPD apparaît performante pour l'étude de la variabilité génétique et la classification du germplasm de #C. arabica$. (Résumé d'auteur

Роль лиманов и лагун Азово-Черноморского побережья в обеспечении кормовой базы тундровых куликов

У роботі вперше надається порівняльна оцінка забезпеченості тундрових куликів кормовими ресурсами на місцях міграційних зупинок в лиманно-лагунних системах Азово-Чорноморського узбережжя України.This study for the first time presents a comparative assessment of food supply for tundra waders at stopovers in lyman-lagoon systems of the Azov-Black Sea coast of Ukraine

An assessment of genetic diversity within a collection of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm using molecular markers

Des clones cDNA de Manioc (#Manihot esculenta Crantz) ont été utilisés pour détecter le polymorphisme de longueur des fragments de resriction (RFLP) dans une collection de germplasm de manioc conservée en culture #in vitro au centre ORSTOM de Montpellier. La collection se compose principalement de cultivars africains de #M. esculenta, ainsi que de quelques #M.glaziovii Mueller Von Argau and #M. caerulescens Pohl, et de quelques hybrides interspécifiques de #M. esculenta x #M. glaziovii$. Les sondes cDNA mettent à jour des niveaux de polymorphisme significatifs à la fois à l'intérieur et entre les espèces ; ce qui est suffisant pour créer des dendogrammes indiquant la diversité génétique à l'intérieur de la collection. (Résumé d'auteur

Inheritance and restriction fragment length polymorphism of chloroplast DNA in the genus Coffea L.

CpDNA variation among 52 tree samples belonging to 25 different taxa of #Coffea and two species of #Psilanthus was assessed by RFLP analysis on both the total chloroplast genome and the atpB-rbcL intergenic region. Twelve variable characters were distinguished allowing the identification of 12 different plastomes. The low sequence divergence observed might suggest that #Coffea is a young genus. The results were in contradiction with the present classification into two genera. Additionally, cpDNA inheritance was studied in interspecific hybrids between #C. arabica and #C. canephora, and in an intraspecific progeny of #C. canephora, using PCR-based markers. Both studies showed exclusively maternal inheritance of cpDNA. (Résumé d'auteur

Caracterisation of extruded biscuits by statistical methods of textural analysis

In this paper, some results are presented which endeavor to describe the porosity of extruded biscuits . Two statistical methods are studied : gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) and gray tone run lengths matrices (GTRLM) . First the picture of the transverse cut of the biscuit is digitalised, then, this picture is processed by each method . Then, the parameters of biscuits of various extrudates are analysed .Cette communication présente quelques résultats obtenus pour tenter de caractériser l'alvéolation d'un biscuit extrudé par analyse statistique d'images de texture . L'image de la tranche du biscuit est tout d'abord numérisée puis traitée indépendamment selon deux méthodes : l'analyse des matrices de co-occurrence (MC), puis celle des longueurs de plage (LDP) . L'étude de la variabilité, sur différents biscuits, des paramètres issus de ces deux procédés est alors effectuée à l'aide de méthodes de Reconnaissance de Formes (RDF)

The Role of Expectations in Treatment Outcome and Symptom Development in Anxiety Disorders

For more than 60 years, researchers have been interested in determining the impact of expectations on treatment outcome. Earlier studies mostly focused on two types of expectations: prognostic and process expectations. Aims: To review how four different types of expectations (prognostic, process, anxiety expectancy and anxiety sensitivity) contribute to psychotherapy outcome, and to the development of clinical disorders, especially anxiety. Conclusions: First, the role of process and prognostic expectancies in clinical disorders and psychotherapy outcome should be clarified by addressing the methodological flaws of the earlier expectancy studies. Second, studies, especially those on anxiety disorders, may benefit from evaluating the four different types of expectations to determine their relative impact on outcome, and on the development and maintenance of these disorders. Third, possible links with other clinical disorders should be further explored. Finally, expectancies should be assessed prior to treatment and after several sessions to determine the extent to which the treatment\u27s failure in modifying initial low expectancies contribute to a poor outcome

Decoupling of arsenic and iron release from ferrihydrite suspension under reducing conditions: a biogeochemical model

High levels of arsenic in groundwater and drinking water are a major health problem. Although the processes controlling the release of As are still not well known, the reductive dissolution of As-rich Fe oxyhydroxides has so far been a favorite hypothesis. Decoupling between arsenic and iron redox transformations has been experimentally demonstrated, but not quantitatively interpreted. Here, we report on incubation batch experiments run with As(V) sorbed on, or co-precipitated with, 2-line ferrihydrite. The biotic and abiotic processes of As release were investigated by using wet chemistry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption and genomic techniques. The incubation experiments were carried out with a phosphate-rich growth medium and a community of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria under strict anoxic conditions for two months. During the first month, the release of Fe(II) in the aqueous phase amounted to only 3% to 10% of the total initial solid Fe concentration, whilst the total aqueous As remained almost constant after an initial exchange with phosphate ions. During the second month, the aqueous Fe(II) concentration remained constant, or even decreased, whereas the total quantity of As released to the solution accounted for 14% to 45% of the total initial solid As concentration. At the end of the incubation, the aqueous-phase arsenic was present predominately as As(III) whilst X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that more than 70% of the solid-phase arsenic was present as As(V). X-ray diffraction revealed vivianite Fe(II)3(PO4)2.8H2O in some of the experiments. A biogeochemical model was then developed to simulate these aqueous- and solid-phase results. The two main conclusions drawn from the model are that (1) As(V) is not reduced during the first incubation month with high Eh values, but rather re-adsorbed onto the ferrihydrite surface, and this state remains until arsenic reduction is energetically more favorable than iron reduction, and (2) the release of As during the second month is due to its reduction to the more weakly adsorbed As(III) which cannot compete against carbonate ions for sorption onto ferrihydrite. The model was also successfully applied to recent experimental results on the release of arsenic from Bengal delta sediments