The Extrusion Process as an Alternative for Improving the Biological Potential of Sorghum Bran: Phenolic Compounds and Antiradical and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity

Approximately 80% of sorghum phenolic compounds are linked to arabinoxylans by ester bonds, which are capable of resisting the digestion process in the upper gastrointestinal tract, compromising their bioaccessibility and biological potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the extrusion process on the content of phenolic compounds in sorghum bran and its impact on phenolic compounds and antiradical and anti-inflammatory capacity. Results revealed that the extrusion process increased total phenol content in sorghum bran compared to nonextruded sorghum, particularly for extrusion at 180°C with 20% moisture content (2.0222±0.0157 versus 3.0729±0.0187 mg GAE/g +52%), which positively affected antiradical capacity measured by the DPPH and TEAC assays. The percentage of inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW cells due to the presence of extruded sorghum bran extract was significantly higher than that of nonextruded sorghum bran extract (90.2±1.9% versus 76.2±1.3%). The results suggest that extruded sorghum bran could be used as a functional ingredient and provide advantages to consumers by reducing diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation

INTERACCIÓN DE COMPUESTOS FENÓLICOS Y FIBRA DIETARIA: CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y BIODISPONIBILIDAD

En los últimos años, la relación entre el consumo de frutas y la salud humana ha sido el punto focal de la investigación científica. Este interés se debe a la búsqueda específica de los compuestos contenidos en vegetales que proporcionan beneficios a la salud del consumidor (Palafox-Carlos et al., 2011). Las frutas, además de ser fuente de vitaminas, minerales y fibra, también son fuente rica en compuestos bioactivos conocidos como fitoquímicos. Los compuestos fenólicos (CF) son sustancias fitoquímicas que estando en bajas concentraciones en los alimentos, pueden prevenir algunos de los procesos implicados en el desarrollo de cáncer y enfermedades cardiovasculares (Denny y Buttriss, 2007). Sin embargo, la evidencia de su papel en la prevención de otras enfermedades degenerativas requiere de un mayor soporte científico

Effect of fermentation on biological functionality of cookies from fermented whole grain sorghum

Abstract This study aimed to obtain sorghum doughs subjected to two fermentation processes (backslopping and spontaneous fermentation techniques) with enhanced biological properties and to assess their influence on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and Ferulic Acid (FA) of cookies formulated from fermented sorghum doughs. The best contents of Total Phenols (TP) (µgGAE/g) were 700.9 ± 7.6/36 h and 484.3 ± 6.1/48 h in sorghum doughs fermented by the backslopping and spontaneous fermentation techniques, respectively. The FA values (µg/g) in sorghum doughs fermented by backslopping techniques were significantly higher than those in spontaneous fermentation (21.2 ± 0.27/20 h versus 18.14 ± 0.12/12 h). Cookies formulated from selected sorghum-fermented doughs showed higher bioaccessibility of TP and FA than cookies formulated from nonfermented doughs. High bioaccessibility values for TP were found in cookie digests formulated from sorghum doughs fermented by backslopping and spontaneous processes at 36 h and 12 h, respectively. In contrast, high bioaccessibility values for FA were found in cookie digests formulated from sorghum doughs fermented by backslopping and spontaneous processes at 20 h and 48 h, respectively. The formulation of cookies with fermented sorghum doughs could be a suitable methodology for the prevention of several chronic nontransmissible diseases

Ciencia Odontológica 2.0

Libro que muestra avances de la Investigación Odontológica en MéxicoEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el segundo de una serie de 6 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG

Entre Dos Tierras: Ecuador Frente A La Inmigración Venezolana

Desde principios del 2013, Venezuela ha atravesado una profunda crisis de contexto social, político y económico; crisis que ha provocado la emigración de miles de ciudadanos venezolanos a distintas naciones. Bajo este contexto Ecuador se ha convertido desde el año 2014 en una de las principales opciones de establecimiento para inmigrantes oriundos de Venezuela. El producto comunicativo pretende analizar de qué manera se han transformado los contextos sociales, políticos y económicos del Ecuador a partir de la migración masiva venezolana. De la misma forma, busca resaltar y profundizar el factor laboral de los ecuatorianos y venezolanos, el educativo y de salud; así como contrastar las perspectivas desde la población ecuatoriana y venezolana frente a los contextos mencionados, desde la profundización de campo en la ciudad de mayor influencia de inmigrantes venezolanos: Guayaquil.Since the beginning of 2013, Venezuela has gone through a deep crisis in the social, political and economic context; crisis that has caused the emigration of thousands of venezuelan citizens to different nations. Under this context, Ecuador has become, since 2014, one of the main settlement options for immigrants from Venezuela. The communicative product aims to analyze how the social, political and economic contexts of Ecuador have been transformed as a result of the massive venezuelan migration. In the same way, it seeks to highlight and deepen the labor factor of ecuadorians and venezuelans, education and health; as well as contrasting the perspectives from the ecuadorian and venezuelan population against the aforementioned contexts, from the deepening of the field in the city with the greatest influence of venezuelan immigrants: Guayaqui

Efectos asociados con la desvalorización de la mujer en una parroquia rural de la provincia de Loja

The devaluation of women has become a problem that has been manifested and evidenced by various events that reflect contempt, constant questioning and the violation of the rights of the female gender in various scenarios. In Ecuador, at the rural level, gender violence has affected approximately 62% of women. This article was proposed with the objective of analyzing the effects associated with said devaluation on the political, social and economic dimensions. At a methodological level, a scientific and synthetic method was applied, a qualitative approach, and 72 women were taken as the population to whom interviews and focus groups were applied. The results of the interviews reflected that unanimously in the San Lucas community there is inequality in relation to men, a product of a sexist environment, this despite the economic and social continuation that women carry out at the local, national and international level in the economic context. From the focus group, it was identified that women perform traditional roles mainly associated with household chores and family care; occasionally these roles were combined with agricultural work that they performed without receiving remuneration. It was concluded that devaluation has not only had an impact on the limited participation of women at an economic, social and political level, so the lack of presence in this last aspect also has an impact on the lack of actions to counteract the problem of their devaluation.La desvalorización de la mujer se ha constituido en una problemática que se ha manifestado y evidenciado a partir de diversos hechos en los que se refleja el menosprecio, el cuestionamiento constante y el atropello de los derechos del género femenino en diversos escenarios. En el Ecuador, a nivel rural la violencia de género ha afectado a aproximadamente el 62% de mujeres. El presente artículo se planteó con el objetivo de analizar los efectos asociados a dicha desvalorización sobre las dimensión política, social y económica. A nivel metodológico se aplicó un método científico y sintético, enfoque cualitativo, y se tomó como población a 72 mujeres a las que se les aplicó entrevistas y grupo focales. Los resultados de las entrevistas reflejaron que de manera unánime en la comunidad San Lucas existe inequidad con relación a los hombres, producto de un entorno machista, esto pese a la continuación económica y social que realizan las mujeres a nivel local, nacional e internacionalmente en el contexto económico. Del grupo focal se identificó que las mujeres desempeñan roles tradicionales principalmente asociados con las tareas del hogar y el cuidado de la familia, ocasionalmente dichas funciones se combinaron con el trabajo agrícola que realizaron sin recibir remuneración. Se concluyó que la desvalorización no solo ha repercutido en la limitada participación de la mujer a nivel económico, social y político, por lo que la falta de presencia en este último aspecto también repercute en la falta de acciones para contrarrestar la problemática de su desvalorización

Technologies applied to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench): changes in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity

Abstract The search for foods with biological potential for the prevention of chronic diseases has highlighted sorghum, and numerous studies have been conducted to determine the best processing conditions without compromising the nutritional, functional or sensory qualities. We conducted a review of the scientific literature on the techniques used in sorghum and their effects on phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. This review allowed us to conclude that the type and content of phenolic compounds in the different varieties of sorghum must be considered for the selection of adequate technologies that allow the retention of phenolic compounds with improved bioaccessibility and biological potential. The available information has been mostly focused on the content of total phenols and the antioxidant activity of sorghum, while the digestibility, absorption, utilization and excretion of phenolic compounds have been poorly studied. In this regard, there is a clear need for further studies on sorghum with the aim of including sorghum as part of a healthy diet

Cápsulas de polvo de arándano como propuesta nutracéutica para mejorar la bioaccesibilidad de compuestos fenólicos

El arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) posee un alto contenido de compuestos fenólicos los cuales han sido estudiados principalmente por su actividad antioxidante, antiobesogénica, antiinflamatoria, entre otras. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la digestión gastrointestinal in vitro sobre la bioaccesibilidad de compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante de una formulación nutracéutica de arándano (cápsula), comparado con arándano fresco y polvo. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron extractos metanólicos de muestras de arándano fresco y liofilizado y se determinó su contenido de fenoles, flavonoides y antocianinas totales, así como también actividad antioxidante. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo de simulación de digestión gastrointestinal para evaluar la bioaccesibilidad de los compuestos fenólicos presentes en las muestras. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que la digestión gástrica de arándano en polvo y en cápsula promovió una mayor bioaccesibilidad de fenoles (42% y 40%), flavonoides (52% y 33%) y antocianinas (45% y 40%) comparado con digestos de arándano fresco. Posterior a la digestión intestinal, la bioaccesibilidad de fenoles (63%) y flavonoides (67%) fue mayor en la cápsula de arándano comparada con su contraparte arándano en polvo. Las condiciones de digestión intestinal afectaron negativamente la bioaccesibilidad de las antocianinas independientemente del tipo de muestra evaluada. Conclusión. Las condiciones de digestión gástrica promueven una mayor estabilidad de los compuestos fenólicos en arándano en polvo y en cápsula lo que pudiera ser relevante para el mantenimiento de un ambiente antioxidante a este nivel. Las condiciones de digestión intestinal afectaron de manera particular a los compuestos fenólicos de arándano fresco y polvo, pero no a la cápsula, lo que puede sugerir que el encapsulamiento protegió de las condiciones alcalinas a los fenoles presentes. Se sugieren estudios posteriores sobre absorción in vitro de los componentes remanentes en intestino y sus posibles efectos sobre biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en modelos in vivo.Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) has a high content of phenolic compounds which have been studied mainly for their antioxidant, antiobesogenic, anti-inflammatory activity, among others. Objetive. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of a nutraceutical formulation of blueberry (capsule), compared to fresh and powder blueberry. Materials and methods. Methanolic extracts of fresh and lyophilized blueberry were obtained and determined its total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins content, as well as antioxidant activity. A gastrointestinal digestion simulation test also was carried out to assess the bioaccessibility of the phenolic compounds found in samples. Results. The results showed that gastric digestion of powder and capsule blueberry promoted greater bioaccessibility of phenols (42% and 40%), flavonoids (52% and 33%) and anthocyanins (45% and 40%), compared to fresh blueberry digests. After intestinal digestion, the bioaccessibility of phenols (63%) and flavonoids (67%) was higher in the blueberry capsule compared to its powdered blueberry counterpart. The intestinal digestion conditions negatively affected the bioaccessibility of anthocyanins regardless of the type of sample evaluated. Conclusion. Gastric digestion conditions promote greater stability of phenolic compounds in powdered and capsule blueberries, which could be relevant for the maintenance of an antioxidant environment at this level. The intestinal digestion conditions particularly affected the phenolic compounds of fresh and lyophilized blueberry, but not the capsule, which may suggest that encapsulation protected the phenols present from alkaline conditions. Further studies on in vitro absorption of the remaining components in the intestine and their possible effects on oxidative stress biomarkers in in vivo models are suggested

Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Antiproliferative Compounds of Lipidic Fractions from White Shrimp Muscle (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Shrimp is one of the most popular seafood items worldwide, and has been reported as a source of chemopreventive compounds. In this study, shrimp lipids were separated by solvent partition and further fractionated by semi-preparative RP-HPLC and finally by open column chromatography in order to obtain isolated antiproliferative compounds. Antiproliferative activity was assessed by inhibition of M12.C3.F6 murine cell growth using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The methanolic fraction showed the highest antiproliferative activity; this fraction was separated into 15 different sub-fractions (M1–M15). Fractions M8, M9, M10, M12, and M13 were antiproliferative at 100 µg/mL and they were further tested at lower concentrations. Fractions M12 and M13 exerted the highest growth inhibition with an IC50 of 19.5 ± 8.6 and 34.9 ± 7.3 µg/mL, respectively. Fraction M12 was further fractionated in three sub-fractions M12a, M12b, and M12c. Fraction M12a was identified as di-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate, fraction M12b as a triglyceride substituted by at least two fatty acids (predominantly oleic acid accompanied with eicosapentaenoic acid) and fraction M12c as another triglyceride substituted with eicosapentaenoic acid and saturated fatty acids. Bioactive triglyceride contained in M12c exerted the highest antiproliferative activity with an IC50 of 11.33 ± 5.6 µg/mL. Biological activity in shrimp had been previously attributed to astaxanthin; this study demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids are the main compounds responsible for antiproliferative activity