Nile tilapia broodfish fed high‐protein diets: Digestive enzymes in eggs and larvae

The aim of this study was to assess the activity of gastric, pancreatic and intestinal digestive enzymes during the embryonic and larval development of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) GIFT strain Aqua America® 1 obtained from a broodstock fed two levels of crude protein (CP). A total of 72 females and 24 males, 10 hapas, two CP levels (32% and 38%) and six phases of embryonic (cleavage, blastula, gastrula) and larval (hatching, 7 and 10 days post hatch, dph) stages were used. The eggs were collected in cleavage, blastula and gastrula stages, 300 mg was collected, and kept in cryogenic tubes in liquid nitrogen. For the samples at larval stage, the remaining eggs were separated according to crude protein level and kept in hatcheries and samples were collected on 7 and 10 dph the same way as before. A total of 48 samples were collected: at each protein level (32% and 38% CP), four samples were collected in each phase of embryonic and larval development. Statistical differences were not observed during embryonic development for acid proteases, trypsin, amylase and lipase activity at both levels of crude protein (32 and 38% CP). Differences for acid proteases were noticed on 7 dph; trypsin and amylase on 7 dph and 10 dph. Significant differences on blastula and 7 dph for protease; as for aminopeptidase, there was significant difference on 7 dph. The data indicated early appearance of digestive enzymes in Nile tilapia broodfish receiving 32% CP taking into account the rapid growth and development of this species.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Flowering, fruit production and quality of passion fruit hybrids in Minas Gerais, Brazil

The aim of this work was to characterize flowering aspects, as well as to evaluate the agronomic performance and fruit quality of the main sour passion fruit hybrids. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates and five treatments, consisting of the following commercial hybrids: ‘FB300-Araguary’, ‘FB200-Yellow Master’, ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo, ‘BRS Sol do Cerrado’ and ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ and the experimental unit consisted of three plants. Phenological characterization and the aspects related to flowering were performed through visual observations of the beginning and duration of the events. Hybrid production was determined by weighing all fruits harvested during the production period. For physical and physicochemical variables such as fruit mass, peel mass, seed mass, pulp mass, peel yield, seed yield, pulp yield, peel thickness, number of seeds, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, fruit shape, were evaluated, peel firmness, peel and pulp color, pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity and TSS/TTA ratio were evaluated. The beginning of flowering and harvesting was 02/22/19 and 04/22/2019, respectively. All studied hybrids had similar production and yield responses, with ideal physical characteristics for processing or fresh consumption.  The aim of this work was to characterize flowering aspects, as well as to evaluate the agronomic performance and fruit quality of the main sour passion fruit hybrids. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates and five treatments, consisting of the following commercial hybrids: ‘FB300-Araguary’, ‘FB200-Yellow Master’, ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo, ‘BRS Sol do Cerrado’ and ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ and the experimental unit consisted of three plants. Phenological characterization and the aspects related to flowering were performed through visual observations of the beginning and duration of the events. Hybrid production was determined by weighing all fruits harvested during the production period. For physical and physicochemical variables such as fruit mass, peel mass, seed mass, pulp mass, peel yield, seed yield, pulp yield, peel thickness, number of seeds, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, fruit shape, were evaluated, peel firmness, peel and pulp color, pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity and TSS/TTA ratio were evaluated. The beginning of flowering and harvesting was 02/22/19 and 04/22/2019, respectively. All studied hybrids had similar production and yield responses, with ideal physical characteristics for processing or fresh consumption

Evolution of the abuse of opium derivatives

Opium is a substance extracted from a plant that belongs to the Papaveraceae family, known popularly as poppy. The name has Greek origin and its nomenclature varies according to provenance, being opiates for natural and some semi-synthetic substances and opioids for synthetic. They act as agonists of specific presynaptic or postsynaptic opioid receptors, located generally in the central nervous system and peripheral system. It is estimated that there are between 12 and 21 million opioid users worldwide and recently some European countries and the United States reached epidemiological levels of consumption. Usually opium derivatives are used as a drug of recreation or as medication for treatment of pain and may cause irreparable damage when used in excess. Thus, the administration, the dose and its frequency should be watched carefully, avoiding undesirable side effects. The aim of this paper is to present the complications arising from the use of these substances, as well as providing information and establish consumption parameters in Brazil and other countries. As it is a topic of concern for public health, it is necessary to encourage further clinical and epidemiological research.O ópio é uma substância extraída de uma planta pertencente à família das Papaveráceas, conhecidas popularmente como Papoulas. O nome é de origem grega e a nomenclatura varia de acordo a procedência, sendo opiáceos para substâncias naturais e algumas semissintéticas e opioides para as sintéticas. Elas atuam como agonistas dos receptores opioides específicos pré-sinápticos ou pós-sinápticos, localizados geralmente no sistema nervoso central e no sistema periférico. Estima-se que há entre 12 e 21 milhões de usuários de opioides no mundo inteiro e, recentemente, alguns países da Europa e os Estados Unidos atingiram níveis epidemiológicos de consumo. Normalmente os derivados do ópio são usados como droga de recreação ou na forma de medicação para tratamento da dor, podendo causar danos irreparáveis ao indivíduo em caso de consumo excessivo. Sendo assim, deve-se haver supervisão quanto à administração, a dose e a frequência de uso, facilitando o monitoramento e evitando efeitos adversos indesejáveis. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar as complicações decorrentes do uso dessas substâncias, tal como, oferecer informações e estabelecer parâmetros de consumo no Brasil e em outros países. Por ser um tema de preocupação para a saúde pública, é necessário estimular a realização de pesquisas clínicas e epidemiológicas

“Lança-perfume”: Use of solvents and inhalants as substances of abuse in Brazil

Organic solvents are highly volatile substances widely used as inhalant drugs of abuse, especially by children, adolescents and young adults in underdeveloped countries. The effects of inebriation and euphoria, together with the low costs and easy access, are very attractive to young people. One of the most used inhalants in Latin America, popularly known as lança-perfume, is composed of various solvents such as ethyl chloride, ether, and chloroform. Currently, trichlorethylene has also been widely used, increasing the substance’s effects as well as its toxicity. The objective of this review is to gather information about the indiscriminate use of inhalants, with an emphasis on "lança perfume", and to point out their risks and health implications. Given the rising number of deaths from solvent poisoning, discussing this issue is necessary to raise public awareness and to develop and improve public policies against volatile substance abuse in Brazil.Solventes orgânicos são substâncias altamente voláteis muito utilizadas como drogas de abuso inalantes, principalmente por crianças, adolescentes e jovens de países subdesenvolvidos. Seus efeitos de embriaguez e euforia somados ao baixo custo e à facilidade de acesso são grandes atrativos para os jovens. Um dos inalantes mais utilizados na América Latina, popularmente conhecido como lança perfume, apresenta vários solventes em sua composição, tais como cloreto de etila, éter e clorofórmio. Atualmente, o tricloroetileno também vem sendo muito utilizado como componente dessa substância, potencializando seus efeitos e também sua toxicidade. O objetivo desta revisão foi levantar informações a respeito do uso indiscriminado de inalantes, com ênfase no “lança-perfume”, e pontuar seus riscos e implicações à saúde. Visto que mortes causadas por intoxicação com solventes têm sido cada vez mais recorrentes, colocar esse assunto em pauta se faz necessário para a conscientização da população e desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de políticas públicas contra o abuso dessas substâncias no Brasil

Pulmonar Granular Cell Tumor in a Horse

Background: The occurrence of neoplasms in horses is relatively low. Granular cell tumor is a seldom diagnosed neoplasm, usually benign, of mesenchymal origin. Controversies exist regarding its origin, which is possibly from Schwann cells or cells with neuroendocrine differentiation. Despite being one of the main primary neoplasms in the lungs of horses, the number of cases is low in comparison to that of secondary lung tumors. Thus, this study proposes to report the anatomopathological aspects in a horse with granular cell tumor of primary pulmonary origin. Case: An 11-year-old female Quarter Horse breed underwent exploratory right lateral thoracotomy after presenting with chronic respiratory changes. During the operation, tumor masses were found in the right and left caudal pulmonary lobes. Due to the severity of clinical respiratory signs and the extent of the lesions, the animal was subjected to euthanasia and anatomopathological examination. Upon necroscopic examination, a tumor mass was found in the middle third of the left caudal lobe, rounded to flattened, measuring 10.0 × 8.0 cm in height and length, white in color, of firm consistency, smooth and regular surface and rising to the lung surface. When sectioned, the mass showed to be composed of multiple firm and dense circular lobes, separated by a thin layer of connective tissue. The tumor invaded the lumen of nearby segmental and subsegmental bronchi, which were partially or totally obstructed by the mass. In the right lung, multiple similar nodules were observed, accompanied by peritumoral hemorrhage. Histopathological analysis of the new formation revealed a dense cluster of cells that expanded over the lung parenchyma. The neoplastic cells were pleomorphic, moderately cohesive, without defined borders, with abundant cytoplasm, densely eosinophilic and finely granular. Intracytoplasmic granules were well evidenced by periodic acid Schiff staining (PAS). The cell nucleus was rounded to oval, excentric, markedly basophilic and with dense chromatin. There was moderate anisocytosis and mild anisokaryosis, with rare mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive staining for anti-vimentin and anti-S100 antibodies, confirming the diagnosis of granular cell tumor.Discussion: Granular cell tumors have no predisposition as to breed, sex or age. However, most of the described cases are reported in female horses aged around 13 years. The advanced age of the diagnosed animals may be related to late definitive diagnosis, since the clinical signs are nonspecific and treated palliatively like other respiratory diseases. Macroscopically, this tumor is more common in the multinodular form and, as observed in this case, it has a greater capacity for infiltration. Histologically, the visualization of large, polygonal cells, with a wide cytoplasm containing eosinophilic granules leads to the diagnosis of granular cell tumor. However, PAS staining and immunohistochemical tests were essential for the diagnostic conclusion in this report, confirming the presence of cytoplasmic granules and the mesenchymal and neuroectodermal origin of this neoplasm, respectively. Thus, considering the low occurrence of pulmonary granular cell tumor, the description of this case contributes to the basis of the knowledge of medical-veterinary professionals about this tumor in its clinical and diagnostic aspects.Keywords: Schwann cells, immunohistochemistry, neoplasia, lung.Descritores: células de Schwann, imuno-histoquímica, neoplasia, pulmão.Título: Tumor de células granulares pulmonar em um equino

Attitudes towards physical exercise and body image dissatisfaction of individuals who frequently go to gyms

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de insatisfação com a imagem corporal e de atitudes negativas em relação ao exercício, bem como a correlação entre estes fatores, em frequentadores de academia de ambos os sexos. Uma amostra de 100 desportistas (67 mulheres e 33 homens) respondeu eletronicamente o Questionário de Imagem Corporal (Body Shape Questionnaire) e a Commitment Exercise Scale (CES). Os participantes relataram massa corporal, estatura, tempo de frequência na academia e objetivos da prática. Análise de correlação de Pearson entre BSQ e CES foi realizada, bem como comparação dos escores da CES segundo classificação da BSQ pelo teste T de Student. Diferenças entre os sexos foram avaliadas com modelo linear geral. Modelos de regressão linear testaram preditores para satisfação corporal ou atitudes em relação ao exercício. As mulheres apresentaram maior insatisfação com a imagem corporal (p < 0,001) e não houve diferença entre os sexos nas atitudes em relação ao exercício. Não foi encontrada correlação entre a insatisfação com a imagem corporal e as atitudes em relação ao exercício, mas houve correlação positiva entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (p = 0,001 para homens; p = 0,002 para mulheres). O tempo de frequência na academia foi preditor de atitudes negativas em relação ao exercício (R2 = 0,580), e o IMC e uma menor importância do lazer para a prática de exercício foram preditores de insatisfação corporal (R2 = 0,368). Sugere-se a realização de estudos semelhantes que avaliem outros aspectos da imagem corporal, tal como a busca pela muscularidade.The aim of this study is to evaluate the body image dissatisfaction, and negative attitudes towards physical exercise, and the correlation among these two factors in individuals who frequently go to gyms. A sample of 100 sportspeople (67 women and 33 men) has answered electronically the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Commitment Exercise Scale (CES). Participants also informed weight, height, time spent at the gym and their objectives in exercising. Pearson´s correlation analysis between BSQ and CES were evaluated, and CES scores were compared to BSQ classifications using Student's t-test. Differences between genders were evaluated using generalized linear model. Linear regression model tested predictors for body satisfaction and attitudes towards exercise. It was found that women have a higher level of body image dissatisfaction (p < 0,001). Moreover, there was not any difference between sex in relation to physical exercises. There was not found any correlation between body image dissatisfaction and the attitudes towards physical exercises, however, there was a positive correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and body image dissatisfaction (p = 0,001 to men; p = 0,002 to women). The time spent at the gym was predictor to negative attitudes towards physical exercises (R2 = 0,580), and the BMI and a smaller importance of leisure in the practice of physical exercise were predictors of body insatisfaction (R2 = 0,368). Similar studies evaluating other body image aspects, such as drive for muscularity are needed

Tailored intracuff pressures

Não tem38

Work in the life story of women who left a project in Solidarity Economy

This study aims to understand the meanings women who graduated from a project in solidarity economy attributed to the incubation process in an Incubator of Solidarity Enterprises based on their life and work trajectories. This is exploratory qualitative research, conducted with four female workers who left a solidary enterprise, used the tools of life history, discussion group, and analysis of meaning cores. These diverse women fight for their livelihood and are unable to define themselves as dissociated from work since most are responsible for activities inside and outside their homes. Their stories showed that, even though these working women were unable to fully understand the solidarity economy as a productive model, they had formative experiences in the incubation process.Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender os sentidos atribuídos ao processo de incubação realizado por mulheres egressas de um projeto em economia solidária em uma Incubadora de Empreendimentos Solidários, a partir de suas trajetórias de vida e de trabalho delas. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, realizada através das ferramentas de história de vida e grupo de discussão, utilizando-se da análise de núcleos de significação. São mulheres diversas, que lutam pelo seu sustento e não conseguem se definir dissociadas do trabalho, sendo a maioria delas as responsáveis por atividades dentro e fora da esfera do lar. As histórias contadas revelaram que, mesmo que essas mulheres trabalhadoras não tenham alcançado um entendimento total da economia solidária enquanto modelo produtivo, as experiências vivenciadas no processo de incubação foram formativas