Diseño de información, ciencia de la información y organización del conocimiento: un análisis de dominio desde la perspectiva de la complejidad

This paper aims to discuss the interrelations and interdisciplinarity of Information Design, Information Science, and Knowledge Organization; the place of Information Design, as a discipline, in course syllabi and the classifications of sciences in Brazil; the objects of study that are common and connect Information Design, Information Science, and Knowledge Organization; the area of knowledge of Information Design in Brazil according to the CAPES and CNPq classifications; the relation of Information Design to social studies, Information Science, and Knowledge Organization; and programs in Information Science offering courses in Information Design. As a methodology, we use a domain-analytical approach focusing on historical studies and the principle of social division of labor to discuss the Information Design domain from the perspective of complexity. We conclude that Information Design, Information Science, and Knowledge Organization share more than information as a common object of study. They also share common contents in higher education institutions. Este estudio tiene como objetivos analizar las interrelaciones e interdisciplinariedad del Diseño de la Información, Ciencia de la Información y la Organización del Conocimiento; el lugar del Diseño de la Información como disciplina en Brasil; los objetos de estudio comunes y que conectan el Diseño de la Información, la Ciencia de la Información y la Organización del Conocimiento; el área de conocimiento del Diseño de la Información en Brasil según las clasificaciones de CAPES y CNPq; las relaciones con los estudios sociales al igual que con la Ciencia de la Información y la Organización del Conocimiento; y los programas en Ciencia de la Información con cursos sobre Diseño de la Información. Como metodología usamos análisis de dominio y nos centramos especialmente en los estudios históricos y el principio de la división social del trabajo, para analizar el dominio del Diseño de la Información desde la perspectiva de la complejidad. Se concluye que el Diseño de la Información, la Ciencia de la Información y la Organización del Conocimiento comparten algo más que información como objeto común de estudio, ya que comparten contenidos comunes en instituciones de educación superior

Limits of Freedom of Information Act in Brazil: theoretical reflections in the sphere of information science

El objetivo de este artículo es verificar la aplicabilidad de la Ley de Acceso a la Información (LAI) en Brasil. Se realizó un análisis comparativo entre la propuesta de Ley y la actuación de los órganos públicos. Se utilizó el servicio electrónico de atención al ciudadano (e-SIC) y el portal del Gobierno Federal. Las solicitudes sometidas a las autoridades competentes permitieron el análisis de la aplicabilidad de la ley. Los resultados mostraron grandes divergencias en cuanto al contenido de la ley. Además, se señala que los estudios sobre la información en el ámbito científico pueden contribuir al desarrollo social cuando se considera no sólo el acceso sino también el proceso de apropiación de la información. Se considera que las discusiones sobre el acceso y la apropiación de la información de un modo conjunto pueden traer grandes beneficios tanto para el ámbito científico del área como para el desarrollo social de la población.This paper aims to verify the applicability of the Freedom of Information Act (LAI) in Brazil. We conducted a comparative analysis of the proposal of the Law and its applicability by public organisms. We worked with the electronic Citizens" Enquiry Service (e-SIC) and the Federal Government website.. The information requests submitted to the competent law enforcement authorities allowed the analysis of the applicability of the Law. The results showed that there are wide great divergences regarding the content of the law. In addition, they also suggest that the discussions on information, when considering not only information access but also the appropriation of information, can contribute to social development. The consideration of information access and information appropriation in a complementary way may bring significant contributions to the scientific and social fields

Usuários da informação como fim em bibliotecas universitárias: uma análise a partir da Teoria Crítica em Adorno e Horkheimer

This paper aims to investigate whether the emancipatory reason in the Frankfurt Sc ool’s critical t eory is aligned wit t e e pectations of t e users of information services and resources in universities of the Southeast region of Brazil offering graduate programs in Information Science. The research hypothesis is that information users in these Programs constitute the main goal of the information services and resources of these university libraries. The study presents the relationship between critical theory in Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer with the approaches of the information user studies. It discusses the traditional and alternative approaches on user studies and their relationship with the function of university libraries. The survey data were collected through the application of a questionnaire. The Content Analysis research method was applied by establishing five topics and fifteen categories. The research findings reveal that the topics 'Access/organization of the library and the collection' and 'Collaborators' were aligned with the emancipatory reason. The topics 'Products' and 'Services' correspond both to the categories aligned with the instrumental reason. Thus, the hypothesis was refuted. The paper concludes that information services and resources are essential for information users to become emancipated. However, for university libraries to be able to act socially according to the emancipatory reason, it is required approaching the information users as the very end of university libraries' actions and not just as the mean of them.O estudo objetiva averiguar se a razão emancipatória na Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt se alinha à expectativa de uso dos serviços e recursos de informação de usuários da informação vinculados a universidades com programas de pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação na região Sudeste do Brasil. Tem como hipótese que os usuários da informação vinculados aos programas constituem o fim da oferta de serviços e recursos de informação pela biblioteca universitária do campus onde cada unidade de informação se localiza. Apresenta relações da Teoria Crítica em Theodor Adorno e Max Horkheimer com as abordagens dos estudos de usuários da informação. Discorre sobre as abordagens tradicional e alternativa dos estudos de usuários e suas relações com a função das bibliotecas universitárias. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio da aplicação da técnica de questionário. Utilizou-se o método de pesquisa análise de conteúdo. Foram elaborados cinco temas e 15 categorias de análise. Resultou que os temas 'Acesso/organização da biblioteca e do acervo' e 'Colaboradores' foram integralmente considerados alinhados à razão emancipatória. Os temas 'Produtos' e 'Serviços' obtiveram uma categoria alinhada com a razão instrumental cada um, por isso não foram integralmente considerados emancipatórios. A hipótese foi refutada. Conclui-se que tanto os serviços, quanto os recursos de informação são fundamentais para os usuários da informação se emanciparem. Contudo, para que as bibliotecas universitárias consigam atuar socialmente de acordo com a razão emancipatória, elas necessitam focar o usuário da informação como o fim das suas ações, e não como meio para atingi-las

Arquitetura da informação no contexto da informação em saúde: um olhar para o website do COVID-19 no Brasil

Introdução: A pesquisa avalia a página principal do ambiente informacional digital do site do governo federal brasileiro sobre a COVID-19, a partir da ótica da arquitetura da informação, a fim de contribuir para uma recuperação da informação efetiva dos sujeitos informacionais que navegam nesse ambiente. Método: Estudo de natureza qualitativa, de cunho exploratório e aplicado que utiliza a Netnografia como método para a investigação e descrição do objeto de estudo. Resultados: Foram levantados cinco pontos positivos e cinco pontos negativos do ambiente informacional digital analisado. Como representação dos pontos positivos, o website apresenta um painel com notícias atualizadas sobre o tema e como representação dos pontos negativos, nota-se a omissão de dados e ausência de um sistema de busca na página principal. Conclusão: A partir dos pontos levantados na análise, propôs-se um wireframe para a página principal do website da COVID-19 no Brasil.Introduction: This paper assesses the home page of the digital informational environment of the Brazilian federal government website on COVID-19 from the perspective of information architecture. It aims to contribute to effective information retrieval for the informational subjects that browse this environment. Method: A qualitative, exploratory, and applied study uses the netnography as a method for the investigation and description of the object of study. Results: We found five positive points and five negative points in the studied digital information environment. As an example of the positive points, the website presents a panel with updated news on the topic and as an example of the negative points the omission of data and a search box on the home page. Conclusion: Based on the results, a wireframe for the home page of the COVID-19 website in Brazil is proposed

Influencia de la poda a tres y cuatro ramas en berenjena: respuesta fisiológica, productividad y calidad de frutos

La berenjena (Solanum melongena L.) se encuentra entre las hortalizas de fruto de mayor importancia, entre los cultivos en invernadero del cinturón hortícola platense. La poda es una práctica habitual en el cultivo en invernadero con el objetivo de mejorar la aireación de la planta y disminuir problemas por enfermedades criptogámicas o ataque de plagas, facilitando también las prácticas culturales, al eliminar masa foliar. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la poda a tres y cuatro ramas sobre parámetros fisiológicos y de rendimiento en un cultivo de berenjena conducido bajo invernadero.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Tendências em Processos e Sistemas da Organização do Conhecimento de textos narrativos de ficção

We analyze the latest publications on fiction knowledge organization, retrieved from the ISKO database Knowledge Organization Literature, aiming to outline the current situation of the area as well as to identify trends. We used Hjørland's categories of Knowledge Organization Processes and Knowledge Organization Systems for the analysis. We extracted textual discursive units from each text to support their categorization. We conclude that since 2010 the trend is to work on knowledge organization processes of fiction as even those publications that dealt with fiction knowledge organization systems also discussed the processes.Se analizan los últimos trabajos publicados sobre organización del conocimiento de ficción, recuperados de la base de datos de ISKO Knowledge Organization Literature, con el objetivo de retratar la situación actual e identificar tendencias en el área. Se utilizan como categorías de análisis la distinción de Procesos de Organización del Conocimiento y Sistemas de Organización del Conocimiento de Hjørland. Para cada trabajo se extrajeron unidades textuales discursivas que apoyaron su categorización. Se concluye que a partir de 2010 hay una tendencia hacia los procesos de organización del conocimiento de ficción ya que incluso en los trabajos en que se trabajaron los sistemas de organización del conocimiento estos coexistieron con discusiones sobre los procesos

First record of entomopathogenic nematodes from Yucatán State, México and their infectivity capacity against Aedes aegypti

Background Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) has demonstrated good potential to contribute to the integral control of mosquito larvae, which as adults are vectors of diseases such as Dengue fever, Zika and Chikungunya. However, until now there are no records of the presence of EPN or their killing capacity in Yucatán state, southern México. The objectives of the current study were: (1) to report the entomopathogenic nematodes present in Yucatán soils and (2) to determine the killing capacity of the most frequent and abundant EPN against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae and the microbial community developed by Ae. Aegypti exposed to this EPN. Methods The nematodes were collected by the insect trap technique using the great wax moth Galleria mellonella. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S gene of ribosomal DNA and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify the EPN. For the bioassay, four concentrations of the most frequent and abundant EPN were tested: 1,260:1 infective juveniles (IJs) per mosquito larvae, 2,520 IJs:1, 3,780 IJs:1 and 5,040 IJs:1. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to identify bacterial amplicon sequences in the mosquito larvae infected with EPN. Results Six isolates of Heterorhabditis were recovered from 144 soil samples. Heterorhabditis indica (four isolates) was the most frequent and abundant EPN, followed by Heterorhabditis n. sp. (two isolates). Both nematodes are reported for the first time for Yucatán state, Mexico. The concentration of 2,520 IJs:1 produced 80% of mosquito larvae mortality in 48 h. Representative members of Photorhabdus genus were numerically dominant (74%) in mosquito larvae infected by H. indica. It is most likely that these bacteria produce secondary toxic metabolites that enhance the mortality of these mosquito larvae

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Show Different Frequencies in Diabetics and Subjects with Arterial Hypertension

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is strongly associated with other comorbidities such as obesity, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Obesity is associated with sustained low-grade inflammatory response due to the production of proinflammatory cytokines. This inflammatory process promotes the differentiation of some myeloid cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In this study, two groups of individuals were included: DM2 patients and non-DM2 individuals with similar characteristics. Immunolabeling of CD15+ CD14- and CD33+ HLA-DR-/low was performed from whole peripheral blood, and samples were analyzed by flow cytometry, and frequencies of MDSCs and the relationship of these with clinical variables, cytokine profile (measured by cytometric bead array), and anthropometric variables were analyzed. The frequency of CD33+ HLA-DR-/low MDSCs (that produce IL-10 and TGF-β, according to an intracellular detection) is higher in patients with DM2 (P < 0:05), and there is a positive correlation between the frequency of CD15+ CD14- and CD33+ HLA-DR-/low MDSC phenotypes. DM2 patients have an increased concentration of serum IL-5 (P < 0:05). Also, a negative correlation between the frequency of CD15+CD14- MDSCs and LDL cholesterol was found. Our group of DM2 patients have an increased frequency of mononuclear MDSC CD33+ HLA-DR-/low that produce TGF-β and IL-10. These cytokines have been associated with immune modulation and reduced T cell responses. DM2 and non-DM2 subjects show a similar cytokine profile, but the DM2 patients have anincreased concentration of IL-5

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation