Walking Accessibility to Primary Healthcare Services: An Inequity Factor for Olders in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Portugal)

This chapter discusses the walking accessibility to primary healthcare by the olders in Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), Portugal, and its contribution for age-friendly environments as a factor of inequity. Constrains emerged from the collation of the supply approach, represented by service catchment areas based on walking distance time, and the demand approach, through a survey. The location and density of primary health network are a major factor, as it is related to distinct land use patterns within the LMA. The settlement structure influences the potential walkability to primary healthcare. The discrepancy between the potential walking accessibility and the real options is notorious, as olders` choices are diversified in terms of transportation modes and destinations, but mostly keeping relatively short time distances. This phenomenon is also influenced by factors such as personal preference, difficulty to walk, negative perceptions about the surroundings, and insufficient care support. This debate is already an effective concern of local authorities with spatial planning, social and health competences, insofar as solutions in terms of service flexibility and new travel solutions adapted to the specific needs of the olders are a growing reality in the LMA, promoting more age-friendly, health, and inclusive environments, and hence an equitable metropolis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Embolia paradoxal na Anomalia de Ebstein

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019A anomalia de Ebstein corresponde a um conjunto de malformações cardíacas congénitas baseadas essencialmente em torno de alterações estruturais e funcionais da válvula tricúspide, de onde se destacam a adesão dos folhetos posterior e septal da válvula ao miocárdio subjacente bem como a inserção distal do anel tricúspide. Estas alterações condicionam a formação de uma região “auricularizada” no ventrículo direito, diminuindo a sua capacidade de reserva e funcional. O fenótipo de malformações varia de doente para doente, existindo casos publicados onde se descrevem outras alterações como a existência de comunicação interauricular, defeitos do septo interventricular, entre outros. A embolia paradoxal é um fenómeno que ocorre em doentes com anomalia de Ebstein e comunicação interauricular, pela criação de um gradiente de pressões que favorece o shunt direito-esquerdo. Nesta revisão serão abordados os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da anomalia de Ebstein bem como as suas características clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento. Será ainda feita uma revisão sobre a embolia paradoxal no contexto de doentes com a referida anomalia, recorrendo à análise crítica de casos clínicos disponíveis na literatura.Ebstein’s anomaly is caracterized by various congenital cardiac malformations based essentially on structural and functional alterations of the tricuspid valve, such as adherence of the septal and posterior leaflets to the underlying myocardium and distal insertion of the tricuspid annulus. These alterations lead to the formation of an “atrialized” region of the right ventricule, with fewer functional and reserve capacities. The fenotipe of the disease may vary within patients, as there are case reports where the authors describe alterations such as atrial septal defects, ventricular septum defects, among others. Paradoxical embolism is a phenomenon that occurs in patients suffering from Ebstein’s anomaly and atrial septal defect, as they favor the formation of a pressure gradient that can end up in atrial right-to-left shunting. In this review we will discuss the pathophysiological mecanisms of Ebstein’s anomaly as well as its clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. We will also review the major aspects about paradoxical embolism on patients with Ebstein’s anomaly, based on a critical analysis of the case reports published in the literature

La contribución del Proyecto Rondon en la formación de estudiantes universitários

As atividades de extensão universitária são fundamentais para a interação do estudante com a sociedade, pois conciliam a teoria aprendida em sala de aula, com a prática na comunidade assistida. O Projeto Rondon propicia esta interação ao levar estudantes universitários a diferentes regiões do Brasil para que desenvolvam ações de extensão em comunidades em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Este estudo analisa as contribuições da participação no Projeto Rondon na formação pessoal e profissional dos estudantes, participantes pela Universidade de Cruz Alta - UNICRUZ. Dos 28 questionários analisados, 100% responderam que a experiência foi válida e que contribuiu significativamente para sua formação profissional (93%) e formação pessoal (96%). Essa informação tornou-se mais evidente através dos relatos, os quais salientaram que o Projeto Rondon foi a “melhor experiência” e que o “trabalho em equipe” foi muito importante durante a operação. Desta forma, percebe-se que o Projeto Rondon é um grande aliado na formação dos estudantes, pois abrange a vivência de aspectos tanto profissionais, quanto pessoais, levando ao desenvolvimento de valores e aperfeiçoamento das aprendizagens acadêmicas.  University extension activities are fundamental for the interaction of students with society, since they connect the theory learned in the classroom with practice in the community. The Rondon Project contributes to this interaction by taking university students to different regions of Brazil, where they conduct extension activities in communities in situations of social vulnerability. This study analyzes the contributions of participation in the Rondon Project in the personal and professional development of students enrolled at the University of Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ). Analysis was made of twenty-eight questionnaires completed by the participants, of whom 100% considered that the experience was valid, while 93% believed that it contributed significantly to their professional training, and 96% considered that it assisted their personal development. This information became more evident in the reports, which highlighted that the Rondon Project was the “best experience” and that “team working” was very important during the activities. Hence, it was evident that the Rondon Project greatly assisted the training of the students, since it encompassed experiences that had both professional and personal aspects, leading to the development of values and improvement of academic learning.Las actividades de extensión son fundamentales para la interacción del estudiante con la sociedad, ya que concilian la teoría aprendida en las clases con la práctica en la comunidad asistida. El Proyecto Rondon proporciona esta interacción porque lleva estudiantes universitarios a diferentes regiones de Brasil para desarrollar acciones de extensión en comunidades en situaciones de vulnerabilidad social. Este estudio analiza las contribuciones de la participación en el Proyecto Rondon en la capacitación personal y profesional de los estudiantes, participantes por la Universidad de Cruz Alta - UNICRUZ. De los 28 cuestionarios analizados, el 100% respondió que la experiencia fue válida y que contribuyó significativamente en su formación profesional (93%) y formación personal (96%). Esta información se hizo más evidente a través de los informes, que señalaban que el Proyecto Rondon fue la “mejor experiencia” y que el “"trabajo en equipo” fue muy importante durante la operación. Por lo tanto, está claro que el Proyecto Rondon es un gran aliado en la educación académica, ya que abarca la experiencia de los aspectos profesionales y personales, lo que lleva al desarrollo de valores y la mejora del aprendizaje de los estudiantes

Fast and efficient method to evaluate the potential of eutectic solvents to dissolve lignocellulosic components

The application of eutectic solvents (ESs) in lignocellulosic biomass fractionation has been demonstrated as a promising approach to accomplish efficient and environmentally friendly biomass valorization. In general, ESs are a combination of two components, a hydrogen-bonding donor and a hydrogen-bonding acceptor, in which the melting point of the mixture is lower than that of the individual components. However, there are plenty of possible combinations to form ESs with the potential to apply in biomass processing. Therefore, the development of fast and effective screening methods to find combinations capable to dissolve the main biomass components—namely cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin—is highly required. An accurate and simple technique based on optical microscopy with or without polarized lenses was used in this study to quickly screen and monitor the dissolution of cellulose, xylose (a monomer of hemicelluloses), and lignin in several ESs. The dissolution of these solutes were investigated in different choline-chloride-based ESs (ChCl:UREA, ChCl:PROP, ChCl:EtGLY, ChCl:OXA, ChCl:GLY, ChCl:LAC). Small amounts of solute and solvent with temperature control were applied and the dissolution process was monitored in real time. The results obtained in this study showed that cellulose was insoluble in these ESs, while lignin and xylose were progressively dissolved.publishe

Efeito da densidade e da distância de Brachiaria decumbens Staff sobre o crescimento inicial de mudas de Coffea arabica L.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the interference of three densities (4, 8 and 16 plants/m2) of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf distributed at three different distances (0, 10 and 20 cm from coffee plants) on the initial growth of Coffea arabica L. seedlings. Dark red Latosoil was used as substrate to fill up 70 liters cement boxes. Coffee seedlings at 15 cm height and 8 leaves stage were planted in each box. B. decumbens seedlings were transplanted when they reached two to four leaves stage. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with ten treatments and three replications. At the end of the experiment were measured, height, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content and dry weight of coffee plants. Dry weight of B. decumbens leaves was also evaluated. The leaf area and leaf dry weight was shown to be more sensitive parameters to the interference of Brachiaria plants. Dry weight of coffee plants were reduced from 60% to 88% when the B. decumbens were transplanted 0 cm from the coffee plant. With distance of 10 cm the reduction of dry weight increased with the increase of the density of the B. decumbens. In the coexistence of the coffee plants with 16 plants/m2 of B. decumbens, there was a reduction in the dry weight of about 80% at the distances of 0 and 20 cm. Regarding leaf area, the reduction was 47% on the average in the density of 4 plants/m2 of B. decumbens The reduction in leaf area at other densities was higher at the distance of 0 and 20 cm, and 55% reduction was obtained at the distance of 10 cm. Objetivou-se estudar, através deste trabalho, a interferência da densidade da Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (4, 8 e 16 plantas/m2), em três distâncias (0, 10 e 20 cm das plantas de café), no crescimento inicial de mudas de Coffea arabica L. Uma muda de café foi transplantada no centro de caixas de 70 L e o capim-braquiária foi transplantado de acordo com o tratamento. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 (densidades) x 3 (distâncias) +T (sem braquiária), em três repetições. A área foliar e a massa seca das folhas do cafeeiro se mostraram mais sensíveis à interferência. Quando o capim-braquiária foi plantado junto à muda (0 cm), provocou uma redução de 60% a 88% na massa seca do cafeeiro. Com distância de 10 cm a redução de massa seca aumentou com o aumento da densidade da braquiária. Na convivência do cafeeiro com 16 plantas/m2 de capim-braquiária, a redução de massa seca foi de 80% nas distâncias de 0 e 20 cm. Em relação à área foliar, a redução foi em média 47% na densidade de 4 plantas/m2 de capim-braquiária e nas demais densidades a redução foi maior nas distâncias de 0 e 20 cm.

Variação na estrutura do habitat afetando a composição de abelhas e vespas solitárias em remanescentes florestais urbanos de Mata Atlântica no Nordeste do Brasil

Habitat disruption affects pollinator populations by reducing the suitable habitat. Determining habitat characteristics which explain variation of the pollinator composition is important in understanding how habitat alteration can affect their population dynamics. We related compositional patterns of solitary bees and wasps to environmental factors in urban fragments of forest in Salvador, Bahia (13º01’ S and 38º31’ W), Brazil. The study was conducted from November 2001 to January 2003. Bees and wasps were sampled in 14 selected points distributed along the two fragments. The habitat variables were measured in each point. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was performed to determine the factors affecting the composition of bees and wasps. Colonization of trap nests by bees and wasps was significantly influenced by the microhabitat characteristics, such as forest canopy, density of understory and sunlight exposition. However, the composition of Euglossina did not vary significantly along the habitat quality gradient. Results of this study show a tendency of richness and abundance decrease in highly disturbed points. More experiments in habitat requirements are needed to predict the effect of habitat alteration over pollinators’ population.Determinar as características do habitat que explicam a variação da composição dos polinizadores é importante para compreender como a alteração do habitat pode afetar a dinâmica de suas populações. Neste estudo, os padrões da composição de abelhas e vespas solitárias foram relacionados aos fatores ambientais em fragmentos urbanos em Salvador, Bahia (13º01’ S e 38º31’ W), Brasil. O estudo foi realizado de novembro de 2001 a janeiro de 2003. As abelhas e vespas foram amostradas em 14 pontos selecionados e distribuídos ao longo de dois fragmentos. Variáveis ambientais referentes à estrutura do habitat foram mensuradas em cada ponto. A análise Canônica de Correspondência (CCA) foi realizada para determinar quais fatores estariam afetando a composição de abelhas e vespas. A colonização dos ninhos armadilha por abelhas e vespas foi significativamente influenciada pelas características do microhabitat, como cobertura do dossel da floresta, densidade do sub-bosque e exposição ao sol. Entretanto, a composição de Euglossina não variou significativamente ao longo do gradiente de qualidade do habitat. Os resultados mostraram uma tendência de redução da riqueza e abundância em pontos amostrais altamente perturbados. Sugere-se a necessidade de experimentos sobre os requerimentos de habitat para prever os efeitos da alteração do habitat sobre as populações de polinizadores

Color stability evaluation of micro hybrid composite resins submitted to accelerated artificial aging

Objective: The aesthetics of dental materials is extremely important for the success of oral rehabilitation. Thus, in the present study we evaluated the color stability and the surface degradation of three micro hybrid composite resins after accelerated artificial aging process (AAA). Methods: Were prepared 24 specimens (n=8) for each material: Solidex, Artglass and Cesead, dimensions of Ø 15 mm by 2 mm in thickness. The samples were subjected to color analysis, before and after AAA, in a spectrophotometer according to the CIE L*a*b* parameters, and a sample of each material, was selected for morphological evaluation under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: Artglass showed higher stability regarding the presence of red and yellow (p<0.05) when subjected to the AAA and fewer of these pigments (p<0.05) when compared to the Cesead and Solidex, which showed the highest luminance stability (p<0.05). ΔE Cesead was the most unstable (p<0.05). All resins analyzed by SEM showed superficial degradation when submitted to the AAA, mainly in resin Cesead. Conclusion: All materials analyzed demonstrate color change and surface degradation, Cesead resin showed the worse results

The effect of the behavioral treatment for enuresis on other behavior problems

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o efeito do tratamento para enurese sobre os escores de outros problemas de comportamento. Foram coletadas as informações de 97 prontuários de crianças e adolescentes atendidos no período de 2002 a 2006 em uma clínica-escola de psicologia, em programa específico para enurese com uso do alarme de urina. Os dados sobre problemas de comportamento foram avaliados por meio do Child Behavior Checklist, respondido pelas mães antes e depois do tratamento. Foi encontrada uma redução significativa nos escores de problemas de comportamento, independentemente do sucesso ou não no tratamento para enurese.This work aimed to investigate the treatment effect for enuresis on other behavior problems' scores. Clinical records of 97 enuretic children and adolescents, receiving urine alarm treatment in a university clinic center from 2002 to 2006, were analyzed. Behavior problems' data were assessed through the Child Behavior Checklist, filled by the mothers at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. Results indicate a significant reduction on behavior problems' scores at the end of treatment, despite of enuresis treatment outcome.FAPESPCNP