Design e Comunicação: análise da embalagem de leite desnatado

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de um trabalho de iniciação científica que analisa a composição gráfica e a comunicação visual de embalagens de leite, assim como seus diferentes formatos, de modo a facilitar a escolha e posteriormente compra e manuseio para o público da terceira idade

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Conjugação de anticorpo anti-antígeno carcinoembrionário a nanopartículas magnéticas : avaliação do potencial para detecção e tratamento de câncer

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, 2012.Nanopartículas magnéticas são muito promissoras tanto para o tratamento como para o diagnóstico do câncer. Neste estudo, teve-se como objetivo desenvolver um material nanoestruturado constituído de nanopartículas de maghemita conjugadas ao anticorpo anti-antígeno carcinoembrionário (anti-CEA) suspensas em um fluido biocompatível (FM) para marcação de células que expressam o CEA, biomarcador característico de células de câncer colorretal e de mama. As nanopartículas do fluido desenvolvido – denominado FMCEA – apresentam um diâmetro hidrodinâmico médio de 500 nm e potencial zeta de -38 mV, conforme resultados obtidos em análise por espalhamento de luz dinâmico. A análise por espectroscopia Raman mostrou um pico em 1655 cm-1, observado apenas para o FMCEA, o que revela uma ligação amida entre o grupo amina do anti-CEA e o grupo carboxil das nanopartículas e indica a eficácia do processo da conjugação. ELISA e testes de coloração de Perls confirmaram que o FMCEA é específico para células que expressam o CEA e análises em microscopia eletrônica de transmissão mostraram que o anti-CEA conjugado nas nanopartículas do FMCEA facilita a interiorização das mesmas pelas células-alvo. Estudos in vivo mostraram que as nanopartículas do FM e do FMCEA se acumulam principalmente no fígado, nos rins e no baço após administração intravenosa e nos rins após administração intraperitoneal e que nanopartículas conjugadas ao anti-CEA chegam ao tumor em menor quantidade, porém permanecem nele por maior período de tempo. Além disso, o FMCEA se mostrou adequado para técnicas de imagem. A partir desses resultados, pode-se concluir que o FMCEA desenvolvido neste estudo é específico para células tumorais que expressam o CEA e, portanto, uma ferramenta teragnóstica promissora. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTMagnetic nanoparticles are very promising for both treatment and diagnosis of cancer. This study was aimed to develop a nanosized material device consisted of nanosized maghemite particles coated with DMSA and surface-functionalized with anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) suspended as a biocompatible magnetic fluid sample (FM) for targeting cell lines expressing CEA, a biomarker characteristic of colorectal and breast cancer cells. Anti-CEA conjugated nanoparticles of the as-developed magnetic fluid – labeled FMCEA – presented a mean hydrodynamic size of 500 nm and zeta potential of -38mV as observed by dynamic light scattering. Analysis by Raman spectroscopy showed a peak at 1655 cm-1 observed only in FMCEA, which reveals the amide bond between anti-CEA amine groups and nanoparticles carboxyl groups and the conjugation process efficiency. ELISA and Prussian blue iron staining tests confirmed that the as-prepared FMCEA is specific for CEA-expressing cells and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that the anti-CEA conjugated onto nanoparticles facilitates their uptake by target cells. In vivo studies showed that nanoparticles of both fluids accumulate mainly in liver, kidneys and spleen after intravenous injection and in kidneys after intraperitoneal injection, and that anti-CEA conjugated nanoparticles come to tumor in less extent, but remain there for longer periods of time than nanoparticles without anti-CEA. Furthermore, FMCEA is adequate for imaging techniques. In conclusion, FMCEA can specifically target CEA, and it is therefore promising as a theragnostic tool for CEA-expressing tumors

Cytotoxicity of Portland Cement with Different Radiopacifying Agents: A Cell Death Study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of white Portland cement (PC) alone or associated with bismuth oxide (PCBi), zirconium oxide (PCZir), and calcium tungstate (PCCa) in 2 cell lineages. Methods: Murine periodontal ligament cells (mPDL) and rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) were exposed for 24 hours to specific concentrations of fresh PC and PC associations with radiopacifiers. Zinc oxide-eugenol cement and hydrogen peroxide treatment were applied as cytotoxic positive controls. Cell viability after incubation with the cements was assessed by mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymatic assay. Cell morphology was microscopically analyzed by cresyl violet staining, and the mechanism of cell death was determined by acridine orange/ethidium bromide methodology. All data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (P < .05). The correlation among cell death by apoptosis or necrosis and pH values was established by Pearson linear coefficient. Results: The mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymatic assay only revealed significant cell death rate at high concentrations of cement elutes. PC alone was not cytotoxic, even at 100 mg/ml. Microscopic images showed that none of the PC formulations caused damage to any cell lines. Statistical analysis of apoptosis/necrosis data demonstrated that PC and PC plus radiopacifying agents promoted significant necrosis cell death only at 100 mg/mL. Conclusions: The mPDL cells were more sensitive than ROS17/2.8. The results showed that PC associated with bismuth oxide, zirconium oxide, or calcium tungstate is not cytotoxic to mPDL or ROS17/2.8. Zirconium oxide and calcium tungstate might be good alternatives as radiopacifying agents. (J Endod 2011;37:203-210)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Procesos de fronterización y desfronterización en territorios

El auge de la globalización en los años 1990 hizo plantear a muchos intelectuales la idea del fin de las fronteras, algunos más aventureros expresaron que entrábamos en una “era postcolonial”, en la cual el Estado-nación era fuertemente cuestionado. Sin embargo, desde entonces hemos sido testigos del “retorno de las fronteras”. Con dolor e impotencia hemos visto la multiplicación de muros fronterizos, más de treinta muros desde el 11-S, quince solamente en el 2016. Este fenómeno denominado “fronterización” ha significado una transformación de las fronteras, cumpliendo más bien la función de “filtro de flujos” para llevar a mejor término un tratamiento diferenciado de los mismos. A pesar de que este fenómeno no sólo atañe a la migración, ésta ha sido la principal afectada, debido al aumento de la migración irregularizada y por tanto de los cruces clandestinos