Neutral macrocycles and their interactions with amino acids and amines. Thermodynamic, electrochemical and structural studies in non-aqueous media.

The first part of this work deals with the interactions of amino acids and neutral macrocyclic ligands (18-crown-6 and cryptand 222). Solubilities and Gibbs energies of solution of several amino acids and their complexes with 18-crown-6 in acetonitrile, as well as of some amino acid ester salts in chloroform have been determined at 298.15 K. An increase in the solubility data for the amino acid complexes relative to the free amino acids has been found, as a result of the interactions of the guest molecules with the macrocyclic ligands. Stability constants, Gibbs energies, enthalpies and entropies of complexation of a series of L- and D-amino acids with 18-crown-6 and with cryptand 222 in methanol at 298.15 K were obtained by titration calorimetry. The similar Gibbs energies of complexation found for these systems are the result of an enthalpy-entropy compensation effect. No significant differences have been found between the thermodynamic parameters of complexation of the L- and D-amino acids with these ligands in this solvent with corresponding data previously reported for DL- amino acids and the same macrocycles in methanol. 1H NMR studies on these systems have been carried out to gain a better understanding of the interactions involving amino acids with 18-crown-6 or with cryptand 222 in methanol. These NMR data are the first reported for these systems. The second part of this thesis concerns the interactions of calixarene macrocycles with organic solvents (neutral species). Solubilities and Gibbs energies of solution of p-tert-butylcalix(n)arenes (n = 4,6,8) in various solvents at 298.15 K are reported. Derived transfer Gibbs energy data from acetonitrile to various solvents reflect that the parent calixarenes are better solvated in most reaction media considered than in the reference solvent. Structural studies on calix(4)arene esters in chloroform, acetonitrile, benzonitrile and acetone at 298 K suggest that among these solvents, acetonitrile is likely to be included in the hydrophobic cavity of the calixarene esters. The final part of this thesis concerns conductimetric, thermodynamic and structural studies on the interactions of parent calixarenes and amines in benzonitrile. An important consequence of amine-calixarene interactions in solution is the generation of new electrolytes, as a result of a proton transfer reaction from the calixarene to the amine. Thermodynamic and structural studies reflect the distinctive properties of cryptands relative to cyclic and aliphatic amines; suggesting that cryptand 222 and cryptand 22 are likely to host the proton released from the calixarene in the cavity of the former ligand or in the hole of ciyptand 22. To conclude, the extraction of amines from aqueous solution by calixarenes is presented. It is shown that the transfer of amines from water to benzonitrile is favoured by the presence of calixarenes in the organic phase. Although the ion-pair formation in benzonitrile gives the main contribution to the extraction process, the selective extraction of amines by calixarenes is mainly controlled by the transfer Gibbs energies of these amines from water to the organic medium

The Flipper classroom as an alternative methodology for mathematics education in university teaching

Este trabajo de investigación se ha realizado con los objetivos de conocer los resultados obtenidos tras haber implementado propuestas didácticas basadas en la metodología de Clase Invertida (Flipped Classroom) en distintas asignaturas de matemáticas en diferentes cursos y titulaciones de la Universidad de Málaga; analizar la viabilidad didáctica de esta innovación; y su continuidad. Todo ello orientado a buscar nuevos modelos educativos que fomenten el trabajo colaborativo, la adaptación a distintos ritmos de aprendizaje, clases más prácticas y experimentales, que impulse el trabajo autónomo, y la autorregulación en el aprendizaje. Los resultados obtenidos, una vez realizado el estudio del grado de satisfacción del alumnado universitario con la metodología flipped classroom, concluyen que existe una amplia satisfacción con la introducción de una metodología que le proporciona mayor participación en el aula, que le facilita el acceso a contenidos didácticos en un formato más cercano (que puede consultar cuándo y cómo quiera), y que se adapta a sus necesidades y ritmos de aprendizaje. Consideran que el tiempo en el aula es más eficaz, estiman que realizan un mejor aprovechamiento del tiempo y que además mejora su aprendizaje y la comprensión de contenidos. Estas conclusiones se han podido contrastar en los distintos grupos y en diferentes etapas en las que se ha llevado a cabo la experiencia.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Frequency-dependence characterization of electromagnetic reverberation in indoor scenarios based on 1-40 GHz channel measurements

A novel model for the reverberation time is proposed in this letter, based on room electromagnetics theory. While the commonly used models consider absorption based on a constant rate of wall interactions within a given time, the proposed model takes the variance of interactions into account. Moreover, the frequency dependence of electromagnetic reverberation characteristics in indoor environments is experimentally investigated from 1 to 40 GHz. The reverberation time is found to be a decreasing function of frequency. A model is then developed to predict the room & x0027;s quality factor, reverberation time, and average absorption coefficient. Good agreement is obtained with the limited results reported in the literature for similar scenarios. This approach aims to be an accurate alternative to the reverberation time measurements and computations in indoor environments by linking it to the theory of electromagnetic fields in cavities

Assessment of LTCC-Based Dielectric Flat Lens Antennas and Switched-Beam Arrays for Future 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

[EN] This paper presents the design, low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) fabrication, and full experimental verification of novel dielectric flat lens antennas for future high data rate 5G wireless communication systems in the 60 GHz band. We introduce and practically completely evaluate and compare the performance of three different inhomogeneous gradient-index dielectric lenses with the effective parameters circularly and cylindrically distributed. These lenses, despite their planar profile antenna configuration, allow full 2-D beam scanning of high-gain radiation beams. A time-domain spectroscopy system is used to practically evaluate the permittivity profile achieved with the LTCC manufacturing process, obtaining very good results to confirm the viability of fabricating inhomogeneous flat lenses in a mass production technology. Then, the lenses performance is evaluated in terms of radiation pattern parameters, maximum gain, beam scanning, bandwidth performance, efficiencies, and impedance matching in the whole frequency band of interest. Finally, the performance of the three lenses is also experimentally evaluated and compared to a single omni-directional antenna and to a ten-element uniform linear array of omni-directional antennas in real 60 GHz wireless personal area network indoor line-of-sight (LOS) and obstructed-LOS environments, obtaining interesting and promising remarkable results in terms of measured received power and root-mean-square delay spread. At the end of this paper, an innovative switched-beam antenna array concept based on the presented cylindrically distributed effective parameters lens is also introduced and completely evaluated, confirming the potential applicability of the proposed antenna solution for future 5G wireless millimeter-wave communication system.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Inter-Ministerial Commission on Science and Technology (CICYT) under Projects TEC2013-47360-C3-1-P, TEC2013-47360-C3-2-P, and TEC2016-78028-C3-1-P, by FEDER and the Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu MDM-2016-0600, which is financed by the Agenda Estatal de Investigacion, Spain, and by the "Ministerio de Economia" through the FPI fellowship program.Imbert, M.; Romeu, J.; Baquero Escudero, M.; Martinez-Ingles, M.; Molina-García-Pardo, JM.; Jofre, L. (2017). Assessment of LTCC-Based Dielectric Flat Lens Antennas and Switched-Beam Arrays for Future 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 65(12):6453-6473. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2017.2767821S64536473651

Implicación de los códigos sociolingüísticos en la convivencia escolar del Colegio Nuevo Chile, IED

Esta tesis responde a la pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones que tienen los códigos sociolingüísticos utilizados por los estudiantes del Ciclo IV en la convivencia escolar del Colegio Nuevo Chile, IED?. En esta investigación se busca conocer las normas, sus actitudes lingüísticas, sus reglas de uso y el criterio de valorar socialmente los hechos lingüísticos, para esto se caracterizó los códigos sociolingüísticos empleados por los estudiantes del ciclo IV del Colegio Nuevo Chile, localidad 7 de Bogotá y poder determinar su incidencia en la convivencia escolar. Las categorías de análisis utilizadas en esta investigación, fueron la convivencia escolar y los códigos sociolingüísticos usados por los estudiantes del ciclo IV de la institución, tomando como principales referentes a Bernstein (1990) en códigos y a Rosario Ortega ( 2000), en el tema de convivencia. Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de una investigación de tipo interpretativo, bajo el paradigma cualitativo, al estudiar una realidad en su contexto natural, en este caso la comunicación de los estudiantes a través de códigos lingüísticos en un ambiente escolar. La muestra se seleccionó de forma aleatoria en estudiantes y docentes, la metodología empleada permitió, implementar técnicas e instrumentos como la observación participante, la encuesta, la entrevista y la metodología del análisis del discurso, para dar cuenta del sentir y las motivaciones de los estudiantes en sus producciones discursivas y escritas, en un ambiente manifestado en su forma natural. De la aplicación y análisis de los distintos instrumentos, como de las narrativas de los estudiantes, se pudo corroborar la incidencia de estos códigos en la convivencia escolar. Finalmente se concluye en la experiencia escolar, que existe una restricción de los códigos sociolingüísticos en el intercambio comunicativo de los jóvenes y en sus relaciones con sus pares, generándose una mayor tensión con los docentes y demás figuras de autoridad.This thesis answers the question: What are the implications of sociolinguistic codes used by students Cycle IV in school life Chile New College, IED ?. This research seeks to understand the rules, your linguistic attitudes, usage rules and criteria of socially assess the linguistic facts for this sociolinguistic codes used was characterized by students Cycle IV of the school Nuevo Chile, locality 7 Bogota and to determine their impact on school life. The categories of analysis used in this research were school life and socio-linguistic codes used by students Cycle IV of the institution, taking as main reference to Bernstein (1990) codes and Rosario Ortega (2000), on the issue of coexistence. This work is part of an investigation interpretative under the qualitative paradigm, studying a reality in their natural context, in this case the student communication through linguistic codes in a school environment. The sample was selected randomly on students and teachers, the methodology allowed, implement techniques and instruments such as participant observation, survey, interview and methodology of discourse analysis to account the feelings and motivations of the students in their discourse and written productions in a manifested in its natural environment. Application and analysis of various instruments such as the narratives of students, could corroborate the incidence of these codes in school life, Finally it is concluded in the school experience, that there is a restriction of sociolinguistic codes in the communicative exchange of young people and their relationships with peers, generating greater tension with teachers and other authority figures

Gender perspective in the mathematics class: a challenge for teacher training

Una educación matemática de calidad debe poner el énfasis en el carácter formativo que esta disciplina puede aportar a la sociedad del siglo XXI, sociedad que necesita una ciudadanía capaz de adaptarse, dar respuesta y actuar de manera responsable ante los cambios y desafíos de un mundo cada vez más globalizado. Los responsables de formar al futuro profesorado deben hacer hincapié en la educación STEM (Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology). El aprendizaje de los contenidos de distintas disciplinas, como pueden ser la científica y la matemática, se debe plantear desde un enfoque interdisciplinar e integrador (Moore y Smith, 2014; Shernoff, Sinha, Bressler y Ginsburg, 2017). Se debe además situar la perspectiva de género en el epicentro, con la finalidad de fomentar la presencia de mujeres en carreras universitarias de áreas de Ciencia y Tecnología.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. PIE 17-02

Decision Tree for Early Detection of Cognitive Impairment by Community Pharmacists

Purpose: The early detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is essential in aging societies where dementia is becoming a common manifestation among the elderly. Thus our aim is to develop a decision tree to discriminate individuals at risk of MCI among non-institutionalized elderly users of community pharmacy. A more clinically and patient-oriented role of the community pharmacist in primary care makes the dispensation of medication an adequate situation for an effective, rapid, easy, and reproducible screening of MCI.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 728 non-institutionalized participants older than 65. A total of 167 variables were collected such as age, gender, educational attainment, daily sleep duration, reading frequency, subjective memory complaint, and medication. Two screening tests were used to detect possible MCI: Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire (SPMSQ) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Participants classified as positive were referred to clinical diagnosis. A decision tree and predictive models are presented as a result of applying techniques of machine learning for a more efficient enrollment.Results: One hundred and twenty-eight participants (17.4%) scored positive on MCI tests. A recursive partitioning algorithm with the most significant variables determined that the most relevant for the decision tree are: female sex, sleeping more than 9 h daily, age higher than 79 years as risk factors, and reading frequency. Moreover, psychoanaleptics, nootropics, and antidepressants, and anti-inflammatory drugs achieve a high score of importance according to the predictive algorithms. Furthermore, results obtained from these algorithms agree with the current research on MCI.Conclusion: Lifestyle-related factors such as sleep duration and the lack of reading habits are associated with the presence of positive in MCI test. Moreover, we have depicted how machine learning provides a sound methodology to produce tools for early detection of MCI in community pharmacy.Impact of findings on practice: The community of pharmacists provided with adequate tools could develop a crucial task in the early detection of MCI to redirect them immediately to the specialists in neurology or psychiatry. Pharmacists are one of the most accessible and regularly visited health care professionals and they can play a vital role in early detection of MCI

Hepatic Rupture as the Initial Presentation of an EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

Metastatic hepatic rupture; Non-small cell lung carcinoma; Tyrosine kinase inhibitorRuptura hepática metastásica; Carcinoma de pulmón de células no pequeñas; Inhibidor de la tirosina quinasaRuptura hepàtica metastàtica; Carcinoma de pulmó de cèl·lules no petites; Inhibidor de la tirosina quinasaHepatic rupture is a rare complication of solid tumor malignancies, notably in lung adenocarcinomas, and carries an extremely poor overall prognosis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung adenocarcinoma predict benefit with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This case report describes a female patient who presented with a metastatic hepatic rupture and was subsequently diagnosed with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. The tumor had an impressive response to TKI inhibitor treatment, reversing her extremely poor, short-term prognosis. We believe this unique case sheds light on the treatment management of hepatic ruptures and supports the high response rate seen with TKIs in EGFR-mutated lung cancers, regardless of the patient’s performance status

Estudios y diseños para la construcción de viviendas VIS en el Municipio de Sogamoso - Boyacá

La tesis presentada tiene como propósito la elaboración de estudios y diseños para construir (20) veinte viviendas VIS en el municipio de Sogamoso – Boyacá. Una vez se conozcan los resultados del análisis jurídico del predio y el estudio de suelos, se procederá con la elaboración de los diseños arquitectónicos y estructurales con el fin de obtener la aprobación por parte de nuestro patrocinador. Lo anterior con el fin de que nuestro cliente sea el encargado de contratar la empresa que cumpla con los requisitos técnicos, jurídicos y financieros para la construcción del proyecto elaborado por nuestra empresa. Adicionalmente se brindará la información necesaria para que nuestro cliente pueda presentar el proyecto ante el Ministerio de Vivienda con el fin de que sea incluido en la lista de proyectos que brindan cierre financiero mediante el subsidio Mi Casa Ya. El proyecto no solo busca generar ganancias para la empresa que ejecutará las viviendas, sino que adicionalmente generará empleos en la región y garantizará viviendas dignas para los habitantes del municipio de Sogamoso – Boyacá, De acuerdo con el artículo 51 de la constitución política el cual consagró el derecho de todos los colombianos a tener una vivienda digna, estableciendo que el estado es quien fija las condiciones necesarias para hacer efectivo este derecho y promueve planes de vivienda de interés social, sistemas adecuados por financiación a largo plazo y formas asociativas de ejecución de estos programas de viviendas.The purpose of the thesis presented is to prepare studies and designs to build (20) twenty VIS homes in the municipality of Sogamoso - Boyacá. Once the results of the legal analysis of the property and the soil study are known, we will proceed with the elaboration of the architectural and structural designs in order to obtain the approval of our sponsor. The foregoing in order for our client to be in charge of hiring the company that meets the technical, legal and financial requirements for the construction of the project prepared by our company. Additionally, the necessary information will be provided so that our client can present the project to the Ministry of Housing in order to study the possibility of accessing the homes through the Mi Casa Ya subsidy. The project not only seeks to generate profits for the company that will execute the houses, but also to generate jobs in the regions and guarantee decent housing for the inhabitants of the municipality of Sogamoso - Boyacá, in accordance with article 51 of the political constitution which I consecrate the right of all Colombians to have a decent home, establishing that the state is the one who sets the necessary conditions to make this right effective and promotes social interest housing plans, adequate systems for long-term financing and associative forms of execution of these housing programs