Entrecruzando ríos : sistematización de la propuesta pedagógica de formación de enfermeros técnicos en salud intercultural de AIDESEP

El concepto salud intercultural involucra el objetivo último de lograr un diálogo equilibrado entre el sistema de salud biomédico y los sistemas de salud indígenas, respetando y manteniendo la diversidad, así como buscando formas de articulación que beneficien la salud de la población y garanticen los derechos individuales y colectivos de quienes los emplean. Se trata de un tema de justicia cultural (Tubino 2004a) estrechamente ligado a la búsqueda de la equidad social y la ciudadanía diferenciada, en un país pluricultural y multiétnico como es el Perú. De acuerdo con Tubino (2004b), el diálogo intercultural presupone generar relaciones de simetría y equidad, condiciones que lo hacen posible; es decir, no hay que empezar a preguntarse por el diálogo, sino por las condiciones del diálogo (Fornet 2000: 12). De allí que sea relevante estudiar las experiencias que buscan la salud intercultural, para analizar el modo en que esta se entiende y las condiciones que favorecen o limitan su real aplicación en contextos específicos

Identifizierung neuer Entwicklungsgene der Maus durch Genfallen in embryonalen Stammzellen

Ein zur Identifizierung neuer entwicklungsrelevanter Gene angewandtes Verfahren stellt die zufällige Mutagenese des Genoms eines Modellorganismus dar. Eine Möglichkeit hierfür stellt die Gene-trap Methode dar, bei der GT-Konstrukte in embryonale Stammzellen (ES) der Maus eingebracht werden. Dies erlaubt die Selektion erfolgreicher Integrationsereignisse in vitro und den einfachen Nachweis der Expression des getroffenen Gens. Aus diesen Zellen können nachfolgend mutante Tiere hergestellt werden, in denen eine in vivo Analyse des Phänotyps der Mutation möglich ist. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Gene-trap Zellinien durch Elektroporation von ES-Zellen und nachfolgender Selektion hergestellt. Um interessante Integrationen anzureichern, wurden Zellinien ausgewählt, die eine Aktivierung des Reporters während der Differenzierung oder nach Behandlung mit bekannten Signalfaktoren wie Retinsäure oder BMP2 zeigten. Es konnten so neun unbekannte und sechs bekannte Transkripte identifiziert werden, von denen GTXVI-168 in vitro charakterisiert wurde. Diese trägt eine Integration in einem bislang unbekannten, für eine RhoGAP-Domäne kodierenden Gen. Desweiteren wurden drei Mauslinien untersucht, die aufgrund der Expression der getroffenen Gene interessant erschienen. Für alle drei Linien wurde die Integration des Gene-trap Vektors charakterisiert. Das in der Mauslinie GTIII6 getroffene Gen kodiert für ein neues PX (phox-Homologie)-Domäne Protein. Die Mauslinie 2A-53 betrifft das Pafaha1b/Lis1 (Lissencephaly) Gen und die Mauslinie GTXVI-44 trägt eine Insertion im NFkappaB1 Gen. Eine Analyse der Phänotypen zeigte eine hohe Sterblichkeit der GTXVI-44 Mäuse, die vermutlich durch eine erhöhte Anfälligkeit für Infektionen und Entzündungen der Organe verursacht wird. 2A-53 homozygote Männchen sind steril und zeigen eine Arretierung der Differenzierung der Spermatozyten, während homozygote Weibchen fertil sind.Random mutagenesis of the genome of animal models represents a valuable approach for the identification of genes that play a role in development. In the gene-trap method insertional mutagenesis is performed by introducing reporter and selector genes into the genome of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. This enables the selection in vitro of ES-clones carrying interesting integrations as well as the analysis of the expression patterns of the mutated genes in growing and differenting cells. Moreover transgenic mice can be generated from these mutant cell lines in order to study the phenotypes derived from the gene disruptions. In this work gene-trap cell lines were generated by electroporation of gene-trap vectors into mouse ES cells. After selection of clones carrying integrations several gene-trap lines were elected for further studies according to either the expression pattern of the reporter gene during the in vitro differentiation or to its response upon exposure to RA or BMP2. Six of the isolated sequences were identical to known genes whereas nine represented novel genes. The gene-trap line GTXVI-168 containing a gene-trap insertion in a novel gene coding for a RhoGAP protein was analyzed in detail. In addition, three mutant mouse lines carrying a gene-trap insertion were characterized. All three lines displayed an interesting reporter gene expression pattern during early stages of development. The gene trapped in GTIII-6 mice coded for a new PX (phox)-domain protein. 2A-53 mice carried an insertion in the Lis1(lissencephaly)/Pafah1b gene and the mouse line GTXVI-44 contained a disruption in the NF-kappaB1 locus. Phenotypic abnormalities resulting from the insertional mutagenesis were observed in 2A-53 and GTXVI-44 mutants. GTXVI-44 homozygous mutants developed an inflammatory phenotype and showed a decreased survival rate. 2A-53 homozygous males were steril due to impaired spermatogenesis

PROYECTO HUMAN 2.0: Una experiencia de gamificación en el Grado en Psicología

[EN] Human 2.0 project is about a gamification taken to the university classroom of the subject of Developmental Psychology. During their development, the students have created their human, named him and studied his development through a series of phases and missions, which included challenges, badges, points, escape rooms, battles, etc. The students got a series of points from which they could have benefits for the exam. The project improved motivation for learning the subject and generated high levels of commitment to it.[ES] El proyecto Human 2.0 se trata de una gamificación llevada al aula universitaria de la asignatura de Psicología del Desarrollo. Durante su desarrollo, los alumnos han creado a su humano, ponerle nombre y estudiar su desarrollo a lo largo de una serie de fases y misiones, que incluían retos, insignias, puntos, escape rooms, batallas, etc. Los alumnos conseguían una serie de puntos a partir de los cuales podían tener beneficios de cara al examen. El proyecto mejoró la motivación por el aprendizaje de la asignatura y generó altos niveles de compromiso con la misma.Hernández-Torres, A.; Cadenas, M. (2021). PROYECTO HUMAN 2.0: Una experiencia de gamificación en el Grado en Psicología. En IN-RED 2021: VII Congreso de Innovación Edicativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 236-250. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2021.2021.13683OCS23625

The role of heart rate on the associations between body composition and heart rate variability in children with overweight/obesity : the ActiveBrains project

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is negatively associated with body mass index and adiposity in several populations. However, less information is available about this association in children with overweight and obesity, especially severe/morbid obesity, taking into consideration the dependence of HRV on heart rate (HR). Objectives: (1) to examine associations between body composition measures and HRV, (2) to study differences in HRV between children with overweight and severe/morbid obesity; and (3) to test whether relationships and differences tested in objectives 1 and 2, respectively are explained by the dependency of HRV on HR. Methods: A total of 107 children with overweight/obesity (58% boys, 10.03 +/- 1.13 years) participated in this study. Body composition measures were evaluated by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HRV parameters were measured with Polar RS800CXR (R). Results: Body composition measures were negatively associated with HRV indicators of parasympathetic activity (beta values ranging from -0.207 to -0.307, all p 0.05). Conclusion: All associations between adiposity/obesity and HRV could be explained by HR, suggesting a key confounding role of HR in HRV studies in children with weight disturbances

Genetic 3’UTR variation is associated with human pigmentation characteristics and sensitivity to sunlight

Sunlight exposure induces signalling pathways leading to the activation of melanin synthesis and tanning response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the expression of genes involved in pigmentation pathways by binding to the complementary sequence in their 3′untranslated regions (3′UTRs). Therefore, 3′UTR SNPs are predicted to modify the ability of miRNAs to target genes, resulting in differential gene expression. In this study, we investigated the role in pigmentation and sun-sensitivity traits, as well as in melanoma susceptibility, of 38 different 3′UTR SNPs from 38 pigmentation-related genes. A total of 869 individuals of Spanish origin (526 melanoma cases and 343 controls) were analysed. The association of genotypic data with pigmentation traits was analysed via logistic regression. Web-based tools for predicting the effect of genetic variants in microRNA-binding sites in 3′UTR gene regions were also used. Seven 3′UTR SNPs showed a potential implication in melanoma risk phenotypes. This association is especially noticeable for two of them, rs2325813 in the MLPH gene and rs752107 in the WNT3A gene. These two SNPs were predicted to disrupt a miRNA-binding site and to impact on miRNA-mRNA interaction. To our knowledge, this is the first time that these two 3′UTR SNPs have been associated with sun-sensitivity traits. We state the potential implication of these SNPs in human pigmentation and sensitivity to sunlight, possibly as a result of changes in the level of gene expression through the disruption of putative miRNA-binding sites

Genetic determinants of freckle occurrence in the Spanish population: Towards ephelides prediction from human DNA samples

Prediction of human pigmentation traits, one of the most differentiable externally visible characteristics among individuals, from biological samples represents a useful tool in the field of forensic DNA phenotyping. In spite of freckling being a relatively common pigmentation characteristic in Europeans, little is known about the genetic basis of this largely genetically determined phenotype in southern European populations. In this work, we explored the predictive capacity of eight freckle and sunlight sensitivity-related genes in 458 individuals (266 non-freckled controls and 192 freckled cases) from Spain. Four loci were associated with freckling ( MC1R , IRF4 , ASIP and BNC2 ), and female sex was also found to be a predictive factor for having a freckling phenotype in our population. After identifying the most informative genetic variants responsible for human ephelides occurrence in our sample set, we developed a DNA-based freckle prediction model using a multivariate regression approach. Once developed, the capabilities of the prediction model were tested by a repeated 10-fold cross- validation approach. The proportion of correctly predicted individuals using the DNA-based freckle prediction model was 74.13%. The implementation of sex into the DNA-based freckle prediction model slightly improved the overall prediction accuracy by 2.19% (76.32%). Further evaluation of the newly-generated prediction model was performed by assessing the model ’ s performance in a new cohort of 212 Spanish individuals, reaching a classification success rate of 74.61%. Validation of this prediction model may be carried out in larger populations, including samples from different European populations. Further research to validate and improve this newly- generated freckle prediction model will be needed before its forensic application. Together with DNA tests already validated for eye and hair colour prediction, this freckle prediction model may lead to a substantially more detailed physical description of unknown individuals from DNA found at the crime scene

Context Management in Mobile Environments: a Semantic Approach

This paper presents a first draft of a context management model and architecture in the scope of mobile end-user services, paying special attention to mobile scenarios and specific mobility environments. The paper describes our notion of context and presents the process followed for developing the ontologies for representing context, providing an overview of the first version of these ontologies. Besides, we propose an architecture for managing context in mobile environments, including high-level descriptions of the components that compose it, as well as some low level details regarding the contextual interfaces involved. To show the way all these components interoperate and the advantages of the defined architecture and semantic model, we describe a use case with specific implementation detail

Inflammatory biomarkers and brain health indicators in children with overweight and obesity: The ActiveBrains project

INTRODUCTION: Chronic inflammation plays an important role on the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as on brain function and behaviour. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between inflammatory biomarkers and a wide range of brain health indicators (i.e., academic performance, executive function, behavioural and emotional functioning, and brain volume) in children with overweight/obesity. METHODS: A total of 107 children (10.0 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) from the ActiveBrains project were included in the analysis. Five inflammatory biomarkers were analysed in plasma: white blood cell (WBC) count, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Academic performance was assessed by Woodcock-Munoz Tests of Achievement. Executive function was assessed through the Design Fluency Test for cognitive flexibility, the Stroop test for cognitive inhibition, and the Delayed Non-Match-to-Sample task for working memory. Behavioural and emotional functioning was evaluated through the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) questionnaire. Total and regional brain volume was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: IL-6 was inversely associated with adaptive skills (beta = -0.228; p = 0.030), while TNF-alpha was related to mathematics (beta = -0.198; p = 0.034). In addition, CRP was positively associated with externalizing (beta = 0.246; p = 0.046) and internalizing problems (beta = 0.234; p = 0.039), as well as the behavioural symptoms index (beta = 0.236; p = 0.047). However, these significant associations disappeared after multiple comparisons correction. Inflammatory biomarkers were not associated with executive function and total brain volumes. Regarding regional brain analyses, WBC was positively associated with gray matter volume in the left middle temporal gyrus (beta = 0.387; p < 0.001, k = 44), and CRP was positively associated with gray matter volume in the right superior temporal gyrus (beta = 0.439; p < 0.001, k = 29). Additionally, when adjusting by total brain volume, CRP was positively associated with gray matter volume in the right supplementary motor cortex (beta = 0.453; p < 0.001, k = 51). Moreover, both, IL-6 (beta = 0.366; p < 0.001, k = 81) and TNF-alpha (beta = 0.368; p < 0.001, k = 62) were positively associated with white matter volume around the right inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, while CRP was inversely associated with white matter volume around the left superior frontal gyrus (beta = -0.482; p < 0.001, k = 82). After adjusting by total brain volume, CRP was also inversely associated with white matter volume in 3 additional clusters (beta ranging from -0.473 to -0.404; p < 0.001, k = 87). CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation was slightly associated with brain health (i.e., academic performance, behavioural and emotional functioning and regional brain volume) in children with overweight or obesity. Further larger longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to elucidate the short-term and long-term effect of systemic low-grade inflammation on children's brain health

Inhibition of PKCε induces primordial germ cell reprogramming into pluripotency by HIF1&2 upregulation and histone acetylation

Historically, primordial germ cells (PGCs) have been a good model to study pluripotency. Despite their low numbers and limited accessibility in the mouse embryo, they can be easily and rapidly reprogrammed at high efficiency with external physicochemical factors and do not require transcription factor transfection. Employing this model to deepen our understanding of cell reprogramming, we specifically aimed to determine the relevance of Ca2+ signal transduction pathway components in the reprogramming process. Our results showed that PGC reprogramming requires a normal extracellular [Ca2+] range, in contrast to neoplastic or transformed cells, which can continue to proliferate in Ca2+-deficient media, differentiating normal reprogramming from neoplastic transformation. Our results also showed that a spike in extracellular [Ca2+] of 1-3 mM can directly reprogram PGC. Intracellular manipulation of Ca2+ signal transduction pathway components revealed that inhibition of classical Ca2+ and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent PKCs, or intriguingly, of only the novel DAG-dependent PKC, PKCε, were able to induce reprogramming. PKCε inhibition changed the metabolism of PGCs toward glycolysis, increasing the proportion of inactive mitochondria. This metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), given we found upregulation of both HIF1α and HIF2α in the first 48 hours of culturing. PKCε inhibition did not change the classical pluripotency gene expression of PGCs, Oct4, or Nanog. PKCε inhibition changed the histone acetylation of PGCs, with histones H2B, H3, and H4 becoming acetylated in PKCε-inhibited cultures (markers were H2BacK20, H3acK9, and H4acK5K8, K12, K16), suggesting that reprogramming by PKCε inhibition is mediated by histone acetylation