Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of octyltrimethylammonium tetrathiotungstate

Octyltrimethylammonium tetrathiotungstate salt (ATT-C8) was synthesized and its ability to chelate copper was evaluated. The biological and toxic aspects were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays, using bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAEC) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The obtained results suggest that ATT-C8 has better biocompatibility, showing a significantly lower lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value in comparison to ammonium tetrathiotungstate (ATT). Zebrafish embryos assay results indicate that both tetrathiotungstate salts at the studied concentrations increase the hatching time. Even more, an in vivo assay showed that synthesized materials behave as copper antagonists and have the ability to inhibit its toxicological effects. Also, both materials were found to be active for the in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The characterization of the materials was carried out using the following spectroscopic techniques: Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NRM).The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the UABC-UNAM SENERCONACYT 117373 project. Authors thank David Navas Fernandez for excellent technical support in these experiments, as well as Dr. Raúl Romero Rivera for his valuable comments. The scientific work developed by MAM’s group is supported by grants PID2019-105010RB-I00 (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities), and UMA18- FEDERJA-220 (Andalusian Government and FEDER) and funds from group BIO 267 (Andalusian Government), as well as funds from ‘‘Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia’’ (U. Málaga)

Application of Decision Theory methods for a Community of Madrid Soil classification case

A land classification method was designed for the Community of Madrid (CM), which has lands suitable for either agriculture use or natural spaces. The process started from an extensive previous CM study that contains sets of land attributes with data for 122 types and a minimum-requirements method providing a land quality classification (SQ) for each land. Borrowing some tools from Operations Research (OR) and from Decision Science, that SQ has been complemented by an additive valuation method that involves a more restricted set of 13 representative attributes analysed using Attribute Valuation Functions to obtain a quality index, QI, and by an original composite method that uses a fuzzy set procedure to obtain a combined quality index, CQI, that contains relevant information from both the SQ and the QI methods

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Satisfacción del usuario en la reutilización del agua de lavadora en sanitarios

RESUMEN En la actualidad tenemos un déficit de agua sumamente preocupante para todo el mundo, es por ello que se busca disminuir su gasto y reutilización de tan fundamental liquido; el objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en conocer el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios en ocho departamentos que reutilizan agua de lavadoras en sanitarios, para lo cual se aplicó una encuesta a cada miembro de familia, dicha encuesta consta de 32 preguntas divididas en tres partes: Infraestructura, Operación y Mantenimiento; y Nivel de Satisfacción, para medir la satisfacción de los usuarios, cada pregunta fue medida por la escala de Likert: 1 muy baja , 2 Baja, 3 media, 4 Alta y 5 muy Alta. Seguidamente los resultados obtenidos indican que el 0.00% de usuarios consideran que el nivel de satisfacción es muy bajo, y el 65.23% consideró el nivel de satisfacción muy alto, el 24.22% consideró el nivel de satisfacción alto y el porcentaje restante se encuentran entre baja, media, evidenciándose claramente que los usuarios sienten o están de acuerdo con el servicio que brinda el nuevo sistema instalado, de recojo, filtración, almacenamiento, bombeo y distribución a sanitarios, en la ciudad de Cajamarca, año 2017; Para tal efecto recomendamos este tipo de sistemas en edificios multifamiliares y viviendas unifamiliares ya que permite un eficiente uso de recurso de agua potable y por consiguiente una satisfacción de los usuarios.ABSTRACT At present we have a water deficit that is extremely worrying for everyone, that is why we are looking to reduce its expense and reuse of such a fundamental liquid; The objective of this research is to know the degree of satisfaction of users in eight departments that reuse water from washing machines in toilets, for which a survey was applied to each family member, said survey consists of 32 questions divided into three parts : Infrastructure, Operation and Maintenance; and Level of Satisfaction, to measure the satisfaction of the users, each question was measured by the Likert scale: 1 very low, 2 Low, 3 medium, 4 High and 5 Very High. Then the results obtained indicate that 0.00% of users consider that the level of satisfaction is very low, and 65.23% considered the level of satisfaction very high, 24.22% considered the level of satisfaction high and the remaining percentage are between low , media, evidencing clearly that users feel or agree with the service provided by the new system installed, collection, filtration, storage, pumping and distribution to toilets, in the city of Cajamarca, year 2017; For this purpose we recommend this type of systems in multi-family buildings and single-family homes, since it allows an efficient use of drinking water resources and consequently a satisfaction of the users

Species-specific effects of the invasive Hieracium pilosella in Magellanic steppe grasslands are driven by nitrogen cycle changes

Aims: The principal objective was to evaluate the interference by the invasive species, H. pilosella, on native grassland species at the physiological performance level. We hypothesised that the invasive species is able to alter the nitrogen uptake of native plant species, and can modify community functioning. Methods: This study was performed under field conditions in the Magellanic Steppe (Argentina). We compared stable isotope signatures, nutrient content and several functional physiological traits in four grassland species with and without H. pilosella interference. Results: We found significant interference effects from the invasive species on native species, mostly through changes in nitrogen uptake. The variation in the natural abundance of foliar δ15N suggests that the native plants switched nitrogen sources due to interference with the exotic species. A linear relationship between chlorophyll and proline content that disappears when species are under H. pilosella interference, suggests major changes in the N allocation of native species. Grassland species under interference with exotic species exhibit lower photochemical efficiency and higher water use efficiency. Canonical discriminant analysis evidenced the existence of a different set of functional traits between invasive and native plants, and also among native species with and without H. pilosella interference. Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that H. pilosella exerts intense interference with native species through shifting the N sources available for native species, a lower leaf N content, and increasing water stress.Fil: Díaz Barradas, Mari Cruz. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Zunzunegui, María. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Álvarez Cansino, Leonor. University Of Bayreuth; AlemaniaFil: Esquivias, Mari Paz. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Collantes, Marta Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Cipriotti, Pablo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentin

Data from: Contrasting plant water-use responses to groundwater depth in coastal dune ecosystems

1.Groundwater lowering can produce dramatic changes in the physiological performance and survival of plant species. The impact of decreasing water availability due to climate change and anthropogenic groundwater extraction on coastal dune ecosystems has become of increasing concern, with uncertainties about how vegetation will respond in both the short and long terms. 2.We aimed to evaluate the water‐use responses of different plant functional types to increasing groundwater table depth and how this would affect their physiology in Mediterranean coastal dune systems differing in aridity. 3.We modeled water table depth, quantified the contribution of different soil layers to plant water through Bayesian isotope mixing models, and used a combination of spectral and isotope data to characterize plant ecophysiology. We found that increasing depth to groundwater triggered water uptake adjustments towards deeper soil layers only in the dry season. These adjustments in water sources use were made by conifer trees (Pinus pinea, P. pinaster) and hygrophytic shrubs (Erica scoparia, Salix repens) but not by the xerophytic shrub Corema album. Moreover, we observed a greater use of groundwater under semi‐arid conditions. Accompanying the greater use of water from deep soil layers as a response to increasing groundwater depth, the semi‐arid dimorphic‐rooted conifer tree P. pinea and hygrophytic shrub E. scoparia declined their water content (WI), without implications on photosynthetic parameters, such as chlorophyll content (CHL), photochemical index (PRI) and δ13C. Unexpectedly, under semi‐arid conditions, the shallow‐rooted xerophytic shrub C. album, associated with an absence of water‐sources‐use adjustments, showed a decline in WI, CHL, and PRI with groundwater table lowering. 4.We provide insight into how different species, belonging to different functional types, are acclimating to groundwater changes in a region experiencing climatic drought and a scarcity in groundwater due to anthropogenic exploitation. Greater depth to groundwater combined with limited precipitation can have a significant effect on plants’ water‐sources use and ecophysiology in semi‐arid coastal dune ecosystems

Isotopic data from semiaridMed site

Isotopic data (leaf d13C, xylem d18O) form semi-aridMed site at both spring and summer sampling date

Isotopic data humidMed site

Isotopic data (leaf d13C, xylem d18O) form humidMed site at both spring and summer sampling date