Neoformación de minerales de la arcilla en la España Peninsular: tendencias termidinámicas basadas en la composición de las aguas de los ríos españoles

[Abstract] Stable or metastabie minerals are established for 381 sampling points from river water compositions for every spanish watershed aiong the years 1974-75, 1975-76, 1981-82, 1982-83 and 1983-84, as published by the spanish Department of Public Works. Phase diagrams for the systems SiO2-Al2O3-H2O, K2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O, Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O, MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O, and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O, for 298 K and 1 atm. conditions, are used in order to determine the mineraiogical stability, and therefore neoformation trends. Stable and metastable phases were taken into account to draw the diagrams (Fernandez Marcos and Macias, 1987). The prevailing trend in the Peninsula, according to this method, is towards kaolinite neoformation. Nevertheless differences are observed between watersheds. So kaolinite is the only stable mineral neoformed in the North watersheds while there exist severa! stable minerals (kaolinite, mica, (kaolinite, mica, chlorite, pyrophillite) or metastable ones (smectite) in the Tajo, Guadiana, Guadalquivir, South, Jucar, Segura and East Pyrenees watersheds, depending on sampling point and date. Geographic distribution of different minerals is satisfactorily explained by taking into account: rainfall distribution, sileceous or calcareous nature of ground, and upper, medium or lower position in the river course

Insights into the room temperature magnetism of ZnO/Co3O4 mixtures

The origin of room temperature (RT) ferromagneticlike behavior in ZnO-based diluted magnetic semiconductors is still an unclear topic. The present work concentrates on the appearance of RT magnetic moments in just mixed ZnO/Co3O4 mixtures without thermal treatment. In this study, it is shown that the magnetism seems to be related to surface reduction of the Co3O4 nanoparticles, in which, an antiferromagnetic Co3O4 nanoparticle (core) is surrounded by a CoO-like shell. This singular superficial magnetism has also been found in other mixtures with semiconductors such as TiO2 and insulators such as Al2O3

Diagnóstico del sistema productivo de las microempresas de los sectores de confección, ebanistería y alimentos, atendidas por el Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA) y desarrollo de un plan estratégico de soluciones /

Al hablar de desarrollo empresarial y por ende del desarrollo del país, el tema de la producción se hace primordial. Este es un concepto complejo que relaciona la eficacia y la eficiencia de un proceso determinado; entendiendo por lo primero sus resultados sin reparar el cómo se alcanzaron y por lo segundo la adecuada utilización de los recursos, para lograrlo hay que manejar diferentes aspectos con sus respectivos niveles de incidencia como por ejemplo: La calidad de la mano de obra, entorno laboral, la tecnología, la gestión empresarial, la provisión de insumos, la infraestructura, el desempeño macroecónomico, la dinámica de la política macroecónomico del medio ambiente competitivo y la microeconomía empresarial. En Colombia el tema de la productividad ha adquirido gran importancia debido a la preocupación por alcanzar mayores niveles de competitividad, para poder hacer frente al fenómeno de apertura económica que se viene gestando en el país, el cual obliga a las empresas a ser más productivas para poder sobrevivir en un mercado de consumidores cada vez más exigentes, debido a la gran variedad de los productos que se presentan en el mercadoIncluye bibliografí

Modelling the effect of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the abundance of early life-history stages of the European sardine in the Guadalquivir estuary

Estuarine coastal areas play an important role in the recruitment of some small pelagic sh populations mainly when stable salinity-gradients are present. Damming of these ecosystems results in major alterations in this natural hydrological regime. Therefore, changes in the marine/freshwater balance can result in services loss, like the nursery habitat estuaries provide to small pelagic sh, such as sardines. Our previous work showed that the main important recruitment of sardine occurs in spring when this water balance is more variable. However, the drivers of sardine recruitment and particularly the interactive effects of environmental (temperature, salinity, turbidity and winds) and anthropogenic (freshwater discharges) factors are largely unknown. We modelled these effects on the abundance of sardine larvae and juveniles in the Guadalquivir estuary, the most southwestern one in the Atlantic Europe. Sardine early stages tend to occur at the most seaward and more saline sampling site in our study area. The best selected models included the freshwater ow and the wind regimen (northern-southern component) as main drivers explaining their abundance. Freshwater input –tightly controlled by a dam– had a negative short-term effect on the abundance of juvenile sardines above a critical threshold. On top of this, the wind-speed variability in the northern-southern direction showed a clear linear effect: with strong northerly winds enhancing the sardine abundance in the Guadalquivir estuary. These results contribute to the knowledge of the recruitment process of the European sardine and eventually to implementing an ecosystem approach to its fishery in the Gulf of Cadiz

Dating the Anthropocene in deep-sea sediments: a gamma spectrometric approach

1 poster presented at the International meeting of Sedimentology 2017 in Toulouse, France, from October 10th to 13thUtilizando muestras de sedimentos superficiales obtenidas durante la campaña OVIDE/BOCATS 2016 y una innovadora técnica para establecer cronologías absolutas, se ha obtenido una primera estimación cuantitativa de los flujos de carbono hacia sedimentos profundos en la cuenca subpolar de Irminger. La geocronología basada en espectrometría gamma de alta resolución y bajo fondo con dos detectores simultáneos de germanio hiper-puro (HPGe) es una técnica suficientemente precisa y sensible como para datar sedimentos pelágicos profundos. El papel cuantitativo del Irminger como sumidero de carbono durante el Antropoceno se evaluó combinando una cronología basada en el radionúclido natural 210Pb junto a análisis sedimentológicos y de composición elemental. La tasa media de sedimentación para el canal central del Irminger es de 0.83±0.14 mm·yr-1. Los cálculos de flujos de carbono concluyen que durante el Antropoceno 32±14 g·Cinorg·m-2·año-1 y 4.5±3 g·Corg·m-2·año-1 sedimentan en la cuenca del Irminger, suponiendo un considerable sumidero de carbono en el área cuantificado en más de 22 Tg-C·año−1N

Conservation of aging and cancer epigenetic signatures across human and mouse

Aging and cancer are two interrelated processes, with aging being a major risk factor for the development of cancer. Parallel epigenetic alterations have been described for both, although differences, especially within the DNA hypomethylation scenario, have also been recently reported. While many of these observations arise from the use of mouse models, there is a lack of systematic comparisons of human and mouse epigenetic patterns in the context of disease. However, such comparisons are significant as they allow to establish the extent to which some of the observed similarities or differences arise from pre-existing species-specific epigenetic traits. Here, we have used reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to profile the brain methylomes of young and old, tumoral and non-tumoral brain samples from human and mouse. We first characterized the baseline epigenomic patterns of the species and subsequently focused on the DNA methylation alterations associated with cancer and aging. Next, we described the functional genomic and epigenomic context associated with the alterations, and finally we integrated our data to study interspecies DNA methylation levels at orthologous CpG sites. Globally, we found considerable differences between the characteristics of DNA methylation alterations in cancer and aging in both species. Moreover, we describe robust evidence for the conservation of the specific cancer and aging epigenomic signatures in human and mouse. Our observations point towards the preservation of the functional consequences of these alterations at multiple levels of genomic regulation. Finally, our analyses reveal a role for the genomic context in explaining disease- and species-specific epigenetic traits.© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Evolución microestructural en la preparación de materiales compuestos NiFe2O4-BaTiO3 por vía hidrotermal

La obtención de materiales monofásicos con respuesta ferroeléctrica y (anti-)ferromagnética simultánea y acoplada resulta problemática debido a limitaciones intrínsecas de tipo físico, estructural y electrónico. En este sentido una alternativa más realista, y en cierto modo con mayor flexibilidad a la hora de diseñar futuros dispositivos multiferroicos, consiste en preparar materiales compuestos en los cuales el acoplamiento magnetoeléctrico se puede alcanzar explotando los efectos interfaciales entre fases disimilares. Tal es el caso de los materiales compuestos basados en BaTiO3 (fase ferroeléctrica) y NiFe2O4 (fase magnética), que ya se han empezado a preparar fundamentalmente por medio de técnicas de deposición altamente energéticas. Sin embargo de cara a su aplicación práctica, sería interesante poder preparar esos materiales por métodos más sostenibles y menos costosos. De acuerdo con ello, en este trabajo se presenta un estudio preliminar en torno a la evolución microestructural experimentada por los materiales basados en NiFe2O4-BaTiO3 cuando son preparados mediante una técnica de procesamiento suave en disolución como es la síntesis hidrotermal. En concreto se ha analizado la influencia que diversos parámetros característicos del procesamiento hidrotermal pueden tener sobre la generación y distribución de fases e interfases durante la posterior consolidación térmica de estos materiales compuestos

Repuesta ferro-piezoeléctrica de KNN-LTS poroso

La obtención de materiales monofásicos con respuesta ferroeléctrica y (anti-)ferromagnética simultánea y acoplada resulta problemática debido a limitaciones intrínsecas de tipo físico, estructural y electrónico. En este sentido una alternativa más realista, y en cierto modo con mayor flexibilidad a la hora de diseñar futuros dispositivos multiferroicos, consiste en preparar materiales compuestos en los cuales el acoplamiento magnetoeléctrico se puede alcanzar explotando los efectos interfaciales entre fases disimilares. Tal es el caso de los materiales compuestos basados en BaTiO3 (fase ferroeléctrica) y NiFe2O4 (fase magnética), que ya se han empezado a preparar fundamentalmente por medio de técnicas de deposición altamente energéticas. Sin embargo de cara a su aplicación práctica, sería interesante poder preparar esos materiales por métodos más sostenibles y menos costosos. De acuerdo con ello, en este trabajo se presenta un estudio preliminar en torno a la evolución microestructural experimentada por los materiales basados en NiFe2O4-BaTiO3 cuando son preparados mediante una técnica de procesamiento suave en disolución como es la síntesis hidrotermal. En concreto se ha analizado la influencia que diversos parámetros característicos del procesamiento hidrotermal pueden tener sobre la generación y distribución de fases e interfases durante la posterior consolidación térmica de estos materiales compuestos

Role of Klotho and AGE/RAGE-Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway on the development of cardiac and renal fibrosis in diabetes

Fibrosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of long-term diabetic complications and contributes to the development of cardiac and renal dysfunction. The aim of this experimental study, performed in a long-term rat model, which resembles type 1 diabetes mellitus, was to investigate the role of soluble Klotho (sKlotho), advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/receptor for AGEs (RAGE), fibrotic Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and pro-fibrotic pathways in kidney and heart. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Glycaemia was maintained by insulin administration for 24 weeks. Serum and urine sKlotho, AGEs, soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and biochemical markers were studied. The levels of Klotho, RAGEs, ADAM10, markers of fibrosis (collagen deposition, fibronectin, TGF-β1, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway), hypertrophy of the kidney and/or heart were analysed. At the end of study, diabetic rats showed higher levels of urinary sKlotho, AGEs and sRAGE and lower serum sKlotho compared with controls without differences in the renal Klotho expression. A significant positive correlation was found between urinary sKlotho and AGEs and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR). Fibrosis and RAGE levels were significantly higher in the heart without differences in the kidney of diabetic rats compared to controls. The results also suggest the increase in sKlotho and sRAGE excretion may be due to polyuria in the diabetic rats

A structure from the sixth millennium cal BC with no artifactual content at San Quirce (Palencia, Spain): a multidisciplinary study

During the course of the excavations of the San Quirce open-air archaeological site in Spain, an unusual negative structure was identified in the Holocene level dated ca. sixth millennium cal BC. A fire pit alongside a single post-hole and intense fire-burning activity was recorded. Yet, the most striking feature of the structure is the absence of any artifactual or faunal record associated to it, something without a known archaeological parallel. Its interpretation represents an archaeological challenge addressed through a multidisciplinary approach including geoarchaeological, palaeobotanical techniques and experimental archaeology. Fifteen stratigraphically distinguishable combustion events showing a diachronic fire record, the significant structure’s dimensions and particularly the post-hole, indicate its anthropic origin. Archaeomagnetic and micromorphological data allowed reconstructing and temporally sequencing some formation and post-depositional processes, some involving water flows. Maximum heating temperatures between 480 and 525 °C were determined in one of the combustion features studied. The identification of grassy tufts would suggest a seasonal settlement of the site. We cannot yield a definite explanation for the artifactual absence, but the available data and an experimental archaeology recreation suggest that the structure could be used as a small hut/open-air bivouac, over which short-lived occupations were repeatedly carried out.Junta de Castilla y León (project BU235P18) with also FEDER founding