The PLE2NO self-management and exercise program : effects on knee osteoarthritis symptoms, health behaviors, quality of life and physical fitness in elderlies

The main international guidelines recommend physical exercise and participation in self-management programs as a non-pharmacological treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA). This project was based on the non-pharmacological intervention for KOA, namely on exercise and education. Thus, the thesis is presented in five articles format. The first article is the protocol of PLE2NO program (Free Education and Exercise Program for Osteoarthritis), was designed to investigate the efficacy of a combined self-management and exercise program in older adults with KOA. The following two articles are cross-sectional studies with analysis of the baseline data from PLE2NO sample. The second article aimed to investigate which factors best predict the Timed "up-and-go" test. It concludes that functional lower limbs strength, ability to walk long distances, walking speed, perception of the impact of pathology in the tasks of daily life and the perception of health-related self-care and usual activities are predictors of the Timed "up-and-go" test. Thus, the test Timed "up-and-go" appears to be a good choice in the assessment of KOA elderly patients. The third article analyzes the use of coping strategies and the effect that sociodemographic variables, severity of disease, pain and other KOA symptoms have on the choice of coping strategies. It concludes that none of the variables investigated was decisive in the choice of coping strategies and the strategies most used by the sample are related in the literature with better outcome measures. It is an important contribution to the development of future educational programs. The last two articles focus on the main purpose of this thesis: to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-management and exercise program in elderly with KOA. The fourth article investigated the effect of the program on the variables: KOA symptoms, self-management behavior, health-related quality of life (VAS) and on health related physical fitness components (aerobic capacity, functional lower limb strength, flexibility and handgrip). It concludes that the PLE2NO program had a significant effect on communication with the physician and physical variables: aerobic capacity, functional lower limb strength and upper limb flexibility. The fifth article investigated the effect of the program on the variables: self-efficacy, physical activity, health-related quality of life (index) and on skills related physical fitness components (agility, balance and gait speed). It concludes that the PLE2NO program had a significant effect on self-efficacy, physical activity level, sedentary behavior and balance. Both articles contribute to reinforce international recommendations concerning exercise and self-management for KOA.As principais diretrizes internacionais recomendam a prática de exercício físico e a participação em programas de autogestão como alternativas não farmacológicas para o tratamento da osteoartrose do joelho (OAJ). Esta tese apresenta cinco artigos elaborado no âmbito do tratamento não farmacológico da OAJ, nomeadamente a participação em programas de educação e de exercício físico. O primeiro artigo é de cunho metodológico e apresenta o protocolo do programa PLE2NO (Programa Livre de Educação e Exercício na Osteoartrose), desenvolvido para investigar a eficácia de um programa combinado de autogestão e exercício em idosos com OAJ. Os dois artigos seguintes são estudos transversais com análise feita a partir dos dados do baseline da amostra do programa PLE2NO. O segundo artigo trata de investigar quais os fatores preditivos do teste Timed “up-and-go” e chega à conclusão de que a força funcional dos membros inferiores, a capacidade de caminhar longas distâncias, a velocidade da marcha, a perceção do impacto da patologia na realização das tarefas da vida diária e a perceção do estado de saúde relacionada com o autocuidado e as atividades usuais são fatores preditores do teste analisado. Assim, o teste Timed “up-and-go” configura-se como uma boa opção na avaliação de idosos com OAJ. O terceiro artigo procura analisar a utilização das estratégias de coping e o efeito que as variáveis sociodemográficas, o grau de severidade da patologia, a dor e outros sintomas da OAJ têm nessa escolha. Conclui que nenhuma das variáveis investigadas foi determinante na escolha das estratégias e que as estratégias mais utilizadas pela amostra estão relacionadas na literatura com melhores medidas de resultado. O que se configura num importante contributo para a elaboração de programas educacionais. Os dois últimos artigos que compõem esta dissertação procuram responder ao principal objetivo geral deste trabalho: avaliar a eficácia de um programa de autogestão e exercício em idosos com OAJ. O quarto artigo investigou o efeito do programa nas variáveis: sintomas da OAJ, comportamento de autogestão, qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde (VAS) e nas componentes da aptidão física relacionadas com a saúde (capacidade aeróbia, força funcional dos membros inferiores, flexibilidade e força de preensão manual). Conclui que o programa PLE2NO teve efeito significativo na comunicação com o médico e nas variáveis físicas: força funcional dos membros inferiores, capacidade aeróbia e flexibilidade dos membros superiores. O quinto artigo investigou o efeito do programa nas variáveis: autoeficácia, nível de atividade física, qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde (índex) e nas componentes da aptidão física relacionadas com a habilidade (agilidade, equilíbrio e velocidade da marcha). Conclui que o programa PLE2NO teve efeito significativo na autoeficácia, no nível de atividade física, na diminuição do comportamento sedentário e no equilíbrio. Ambos os artigos contribuem para reforçar as recomendações internacionais de tratamentos de educação e exercício para OAJ.Ciência Sem Fronteiras Brazilian Scholarship Progra

A participação de idosos em programas de atividade física : uma contribuição no aspecto social

Orientadora: Rosecler VendruscoloMonografia (bacharelado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Graduação em Educação Físic

Impact of exercise training on depressive symptoms in cancer patients: a critical analysis

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Background: Cancer patients must deal with several health challenges, including emotional distress and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate evidence from published systematic reviews and meta-analyses about the efficacy of exercise on depressive symptoms in cancer patients. Methods: We searched for previous meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, with data inception to 30 December 2021. Two independent researchers assessed the methodological quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) instrument. Six meta-analyses were integrated. All included middle-aged and older adults. Five presented moderate quality, and one presented low quality. Results: Overall, a significant reduction in depressive symptoms was observed among the included studies. However, the heterogeneity between studies was high, and high-quality evidence for the efficacy of exercise on depressive symptoms was limited. Conclusions: Exercise could be a possibility in the treatment of depressive symptoms in cancer patients, especially when supervised and outside the home. The better dose of exercise needs to be clarified. More high-quality evidence is needed to better prescribe exercise to this vulnerable population.This work was supported by the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, granted by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number: 51NF40-185901). AI acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number: 10001C_189407).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sedentary Behaviour: Definition, Determinants, Impacts on Health, and Current Recommendations

This chapter aims to present an overview of the scientific background and current recommendations for sedentary behaviour. We have presented the current sedentary behaviour definition and defined other terms related to sedentary behaviour. The determinants of sedentary behaviour were discussed, and the ecological model was presented. Based on the recent data from the literature, the relationship between sedentary behaviour and health indicators was presented and discussed. Finally, we discussed the recommendation regarding sedentary behaviour, and presented the daily guidelines involving physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep routine

Association between musculoskeletal injuries and depressive symptoms among athletes: a systematic review

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries have a significant physical and psychological influence on an athlete's life. A systematic review of prospective cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies was undertaken in this study to analyze the association between MSK injuries with depressive symptoms in athletes. We searched on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with data inception to 15 February 2023. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Of the 3677 potential studies only nine were included. These studies showed a bidirectional association between MSK injuries and depressive symptoms. Athletes with MSK injuries had higher levels of depressive symptoms, which raises the likelihood of experiencing depression in the future. Women athletes had higher levels of depressive symptoms compared with men. The presence of depressive symptoms is a significant predictor of disability in athletes. Our findings suggest that coaches should be more aware of depressive symptoms, in order to prevent MSK injuries, and to monitor athletes following an MSK injury.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The role of physical function in the association between physical activity and gait speed in older adults: a mediation analysis

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Adequate levels of physical function (PF) are essential for vulnerable older adults to perform their daily tasks safely and remain autonomous. Our objective was to explore the mediating role of PF in the relationship between physical activity (PA) and gait speed (GS) in a large sample of older adults from the north of Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed 697 older adults (mean age 70.35 ± 6.86 years) who participated in the project "Health, Lifestyle, and Physical Fitness in Older Adults in Amazonas" (SEVAAI). PA was assessed using the Baecke Questionnaire, PF using the Senior Fitness Test, and GS using the 50-foot Walk Test. Mediation pathways were analyzed to test the possible mediating role of PF between specific PA domains (PA-total score, PA-housework, PA-sport, PA-leisure) and GS. Regarding PA-total, the analysis showed that high-performance GS was partially mediated in approximately 19% by better PF performance. Moreover, the PF could partially mediate the association between PA-sport and PA-leisure with GS, at levels of approximately 9% and 46%, respectively. An inverse relationship was observed between PA-housework (sedentary lifestyle) and GS. This association was partially mediated to an extent of approximately 9% by better PF performance. We conclude that PF plays a crucial role in mediating the association between PA and GS among vulnerable older adults.We acknowledge support from the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, which is funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number: 51NF40-185901). Moreover, AI acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number: 10001C_189407). E.R.G., C.F. and B.R.G. acknowledge support from LARSyS—Portuguese national funding agency for science, research and technology (FCT) pluriannual funding 2020–2023 (Reference: UIDB/50009/2020).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The association between physical activity and mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Introduction: The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic affected countries worldwide and has changed peoples' lives. A reduction in physical activity and increased mental health problems were observed, mainly in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this systematic review aims to examine the association between physical activity and mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In July 2021, a search was applied to PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria included cross-sectional, prospective, and longitudinal study designs and studies published in English; outcomes included physical activity and mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms, anxiety, positive and negative effects, well-being). Results: Thirty-one studies were included in this review. Overall, the studies suggested that higher physical activity is associated with higher well-being, quality of life as well as lower depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress, independently of age. There was no consensus for the optimal physical activity level for mitigating negative mental symptoms, neither for the frequency nor for the type of physical activity. Women were more vulnerable to mental health changes and men were more susceptive to physical activity changes. Conclusion: Physical activity has been a good and effective choice to mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health policies should alert for possibilities to increase physical activity during the stay-at-home order in many countries worldwide.AI acknowledges support from the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES – Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, granted by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number: 51NF40-185901). AI acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number: 10001C_189407). André Werneck is supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) with a PhD scholarship (FAPESP process: 2019/24124-7).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Methods of Assessing Sedentary Behaviour

Increasing amounts of time spent in sedentary behaviour (SB), during occupation or recreation activities, is considered a global health problem. SB has been associated with several non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Thus, it is essential to assess SB through the most accurate and suitable measurement tools. This chapter presents an overview of different methods for assessing SB and highlights the importance of determining the best measurement tool. In choosing an appropriate and accurate method, it is relevant to consider multiple factors, such as population characteristics, context, validity and reliability of measurement tools, and potential research and participant burdens. Subjective measurements, such as self-reported questionnaires, are widely used in epidemiologic studies because they are easy to administer at low cost. However, there is a large variety of questionnaires, which makes it difficult to select a single questionnaire to assess SB. Device-based measurements are more accurate for assessing SB as well as determining bouts and breaks. Both methods present strengths and limitations, and when possible, researchers should use a combination of device-based and subjective methods to improve SB assessment

The association of grip strength with depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults with different chronic diseases

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Low grip strength has been associated with an increase in depressive symptoms, independent of age group or gender, although the literature has not investigated this association among different chronic diseases. The present study aims to investigate the association of grip strength and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults with different chronic diseases. A cross-section of data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe wave 6 (collected in 2015) was analysed. Grip strength was measured by a handgrip dynamometer, and the European Depression Symptoms 12-item scale (EURO-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. Those in the high strength tertile had 42% (95% confidence interval: 0.50, 0.71; p < 0.005) and 41% (95% confidence interval: 0.50, 0.70; p < 0.001) lower odds of depressive symptoms in the 'no disease' and in the 'metabolic diseases' groups of participants, respectively, compared with those in the lower strength tertile. No statistically significant relationship between grip strength and depression was observed in the 'arthritis diseases' group of participants. The association of grip strength with depressive symptoms must consider, besides gender and age group, the chronic conditions that an individual could have.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

24-h movement guidelines and overweight and obesity indicators in toddlers, children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Background: Engaging in physical activity increases energy expenditure, reducing total body fat. Time spent in sedentary behaviours is associated with overweight and obesity, and adequate sleep duration is associated with improved body composition. This systematic review aimed to analyse the relationship between compliance with the 24-h movement guidelines and obesity indicators in toddlers, children and adolescents. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from inception to December 2021. Cross-sectional and prospective studies that analysed the relationship between 24-h movement guidelines and overweight and obesity written in English, French, Portuguese or Spanish were included. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42022298316. Results: The associations between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and standardised body mass index were null in the two studies for toddlers. Seven studies analysed the relationship between compliance with the 24-h movement guidelines and overweight and obesity among preschool children. Of these seven studies, six found no association between compliance with 24-h movement guidelines and body composition. Among children and adolescents, 15 articles were analysed. Of these 15 studies, in seven, it was found that children and adolescents who meet the 24-h movement guidelines were more likely to have lower risks of overweight and obesity. The meta-analysis yielded a pooled OR = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.68 to 0.95, p = 0.012, I2 = 70.5%) in favour of compliant participants. Regarding participants' age groups, compliance with 24-h movement guidelines seems to exert greater benefits on overweight and obesity indicators among children-adolescents (OR = 0.62, p = 0.008) compared to participants at preschool (OR = 1.00, p = 0.931) and toddlers (OR = 0.91, p = 0.853). Conclusion: Most included studies have not observed a significant relationship between compliance with the 24-h movement guidelines and overweight and obesity in toddlers, children and adolescents.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio