Architectural Trend and Style a Historical-Ethical-Esthetic Approach to Design Praxis

Throughout the history of mankind, there have been great cultures that have excelled in the creation of architectural works that endure to this day; these works have been catalogued of great architectural value for multiple characteristics. Today, with the globalization of information, architecture has undergone a dizzying change, the distinctive characteristics of the styles marked in history have been mixed, creating an eclectic architecture, the function has gone to the background, the form prevails over the structural and functional, magazine spaces are conceived in places that do not correspond without considering the context in which they are located, so there is no correct definition of the value of the current architectural work. From the above, how to know what characteristics give true value to an architectural work, and if the beauty of architecture always represents the good of humanity, this academic essay addresses the analysis and search for the relationship between ethics, aesthetics and design praxis. Through critical reflection and discourse analysis, ethics and aesthetics in architecture are contextualized, relating the processes of conquest, abstraction, transformation and generation of new knowledge, in order to interpret how the architectural work influences the daily life of man and society

Estudio de envolventes dinámicas para mejorar el confort acústico. Caso de estudio campus UCACUE

Introduction. One of the causes that has gained strength today because it generates on people's quality of life, is noise pollution; The same that is present in all daily activities, such as: study, work, home, theaters, restaurants, streets, parks, among others. The sense of hearing, like that of sight, represents a fundamental connection to be informed of events in the environment, since it is on permanent alert even when we sleep. Acoustic comfort is a subjective sensation of well-being, typical of each person and depends on several factors, such as: the activity that is conducted at a certain time, as well as the existing sound environment in the place. On the other hand, the sensation of acoustic discomfort occurs when a sound environment is not suitable for the activity of the occupants, this, in addition to generating organic discomfort, can produce intellectual discomfort and, consequently, emotional alteration. Objective. This study focuses on the impact of the application of dynamic envelopes in the building of the Academic Unit of Engineering, Industry and Construction of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Methodology. With the methodology used, it is intended to innovate architectural design, through the analysis, simulation, and use of environmentally friendly materials, through the development of three-dimensional dynamic envelopes that merge with the façade and together improve comfort conditions. acoustics inside buildings. Results. Obtain a digital prototype of a dynamic envelope on facades to reduce the environmental noise generated by vehicular traffic on Avenida de las Américas. Conclusion. The prototypes of dynamic envelopes constitute a contribution to educational buildings, reducing traffic noise by 28% with panels of recycled material that we can find in our city.Introducción.  Una de las causas que ha cobrado fuerza en la actualidad debido a los efectos que genera en la calidad de vida de las personas, es la contaminación acústica; misma que está presente en todas las actividades cotidianas, como son: estudio, trabajo, hogar, teatros, restaurantes, calles, parques, entre otros. El sentido de la audición al igual que el de la vista, representa una conexión fundamental para estar informado de los acontecimientos del entorno, ya que está en alerta permanente inclusive cuando dormimos. El confort acústico es una sensación subjetiva de bienestar, propia de cada persona y depende de diversos factores como, por ejemplo: la actividad que se realiza en un determinado momento, así como el ambiente sonoro existente en el lugar. Por otra parte, la sensación de incomodidad acústica se produce cuando un ambiente sonoro no es el adecuado para la actividad de los ocupantes, esto a más de generar un malestar orgánico, puede producir un malestar intelectual y como consecuencia, una alteración emocional. Objetivo.  El presente estudio se centra en el impacto de la aplicación de envolventes dinámicas en el edificio de la Unidad Académica de Ingeniería, Industria y Construcción de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Metodología.  Con la metodología utilizada, se pretende innovar el diseño arquitectónico, mediante el análisis, simulación y empleo de materiales amigables con el medio ambiente, a través del desarrollo de envolventes dinámicas tridimensionales que se fusionen con la fachada y en conjunto, mejoren las condiciones de confort acústico en el interior de las edificaciones. Resultados. Obtener un prototipo digital de envolvente dinámica en fachadas con el fin de reducir el ruido ambiental generado por el tráfico vehicular de la Avenida de las Américas. Conclusión. Los prototipos de envolventes dinámicas constituyen un aporte para las edificaciones educativas, reduciendo el ruido del tráfico en un 28% con paneles de material reciclado que podemos encontrar en nuestra ciudad. Área de la ciencia: arquitectura

Morphological Evolution of Single-family Dwellings: A Prospective towards 2100

The objective of the research is to project the morphological evolution of single-family dwellings towards the year 2100, using the scenario methodology for prospective studies, to obtain formal design strategies that can be adapted for a probable future. The research approach is qualitative documentary, using primary and secondary sources to obtain retrospective data and then can project them into the future. The methodological process is divided into six stages; in the first stage called planning, through bibliographic and audio-visual documentary analysis, four probable futures are established and studied by articulating timelines using retrospective and prospective data; in the second stage called anticipation, the most relevant historical milestones are identified to outline these futures; in the third stage, called temporisation, the formal patterns are studied through the redesign of the facades of the selected case studies; in the fourth stage, called deepening, the possible causes of futures that could develop are studied in depth and verified; in the fifth stage, the scenarios with the greatest plausibility and scientific evidence are presented; and in the sixth stage, the prospective scenarios are proposed to the experts to be validated by consensus. The results obtained with this research are a set of prospective scenarios of the morphological evolution of single-family dwellings and their formal design strategies

Estrategias para diseño de vivienda social en Cuenca – Ecuador, mediante un análisis cuantitativo de patrones sociales, económicos, habitacionales y constructivos

Los proyectos habitacionales en la ciudad de Cuenca – Ecuador, solo satisfacen las necesidades del déficit de vivienda en los sectores medio y alto, pues el costo es muy elevado para que pueda acceder la clase social baja, debido a la falta de normativas y estudios específicos para determinar los suelos urbanos óptimos, sistemas constructivos y estrategias de diseño que permitan propiciar la vivienda a bajo costo. El proyecto de investigación a más de considerar las condiciones sociales de habitabilidad que presenta la población de bajos recursos económicos, para establecer los requerimientos espaciales, así como la ubicación más apropiada para la implementación del proyecto, permite establecer estrategias de diseño para conseguir una propuesta sustentable y asequible al grupo social de estudio, apoyados en métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Al final de la investigación se obtendrán un conjunto de lineamientos y recomendaciones de diseño arquitectónico y construcción para proyectos habitacionales destinados a la población de bajos recursos económicos categorizados en el estrato social C- y D en la ciudad de Cuenca, pudiendo ser aplicable en cualquier ciudad del Ecuador o Latinoamérica que tenga las condiciones similares al universo de estudio. El impacto de la investigación se evidenciará en las potenciales políticas públicas de habitabilidad que se generen mediante normativas u ordenanzas en la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador, a través de las recomendaciones de diseño y construcción obtenidas en la investigación.The housing projects in the city of Cuenca - Ecuador, only satisfy the needs of the housing deficit in the middle and high sectors, because the cost is too high for the lower social class, due to the lack of regulations and specific studies to determine the optimal urban soils, construction systems and design strategies to promote low-cost housing. The research project, in addition to considering the social conditions of habitability of the low-income population, to establish the spatial requirements, as well as the most appropriate location for the implementation of the project, allows to establish design strategies to achieve a sustainable and affordable proposal to the social group of study, supported by quantitative and qualitative methods. At the end of the research, a set of guidelines and recommendations for architectural design and construction will be obtained for housing projects for the low-income population categorized in the social stratum C- and D in the city of Cuenca, and could be applicable in any city in Ecuador or Latin America that has similar conditions to the study universe. The impact of the research will be evidenced in the potential public policies of habitability generated through regulations or ordinances in the city of Cuenca - Ecuador, through the design and construction recommendations obtained in the research

Análisis de prototipos del sistema Eco Cooler como estrategia de diseño pasivo bioclimático en clima tropical, en la ciudad de Tena - Ecuador

The electrical energy consumption of buildings when using air conditioning or refrigeration systems represents 60% of the energy consumed in buildings. The cooling and ventilation system of an environment plays an important role in the comfort of the user, but it should not necessarily be an energy consumer, this can be solved with passive envelope alternatives, the ECO COOLER system is analyzed as a passive design strategy to cool living environments reducing the amount of energy consumption through lattices on facades located in tropical climates. A bibliographic review of the thermal behavior of a clay pot is made, and a conceptual model is elaborated to measure temperatures with a variable free facade and envelope with a lattice of clay pots, which are subjected to a heat gun to demonstrate the temperature variation. This element has a peculiarity in its material and composition, which is porous and the process that happens to its interior is to cool by the effect of evaporative cooling, the porosity of the clay pot causes the water to filter and evaporate, lowering the temperature of the remaining water. The factors for cooling depend on the environmental conditions, the hotter the environment, the faster the evaporation, this method is known as the "botijo effect". A prototype of a clay pot with characteristics of sweating, storage and overflow system for self-filling is proposed and the lattice envelope is applied on a facade, the passive strategy ECO COOLER by clay pots, fulfills the purpose of cooling spaces without the use of electricity, reducing the consumption of appliances such as air conditioning, an appliance of high energy demand today. Area of science: architecture.El consumo energético eléctrico que tienen las edificaciones al usar aires acondicionados o sistemas de refrigeración representa al 60% de energía consumida en edificios. El sistema de refrigeración y ventilación de un ambiente juega un papel importante en el confort del usuario, pero no necesariamente debe ser consumidor de energía, esto se puede solventar con alternativas de envolventes pasivas, se analiza el sistema ECO COOLER como estrategia de diseño pasivo para refrigerar ambientes habitables disminuyendo la cantidad de consumo energético a través de celosías en fachadas ubicadas en climas tropicales. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica del comportamiento térmico que tiene una vasija de barro, y se elabora una maqueta conceptual para hacer la medición de temperaturas con variables de fachada libre y envolvente con celosía de vasijas de barro, que son sometidas a una pistola de calor para demostrar la variación de temperatura. Este elemento tiene una peculiaridad en su material y composición, que es poroso y el proceso que sucede a su interior es enfriar por el efecto de refrigeración por evaporación, la porosidad de la vasija de barro hace que el agua filtre y se evapore, bajando la temperatura del agua restante. Los factores para el enfriamiento dependen de las condiciones ambientales, mientras más calor haga en el ambiente, la evaporación será más rápida, a este método se lo conoce como efecto de botijo. Se plantea un prototipo de vasija de barro con características de sudoración, almacenamiento y sistema de rebosadero para un auto llenado y se aplica el envolvente de celosía sobre una fachada, la estrategia pasiva ECO COOLER por vasijas de barro, cumple el propósito de enfriamiento de espacios sin necesidad del uso de energía eléctrica, disminuyendo el uso de electrodomésticos como es el aire acondicionado, un artefacto de mucha demanda energética hoy en día. Área de la ciencia: arquitectura

Análisis multicriterial del paisaje como patrimonio cultural: sostenibilidad e influencia en la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador

Introduction. Around the world there are places that are characterized or identified by their landscapes, among other attributes. However, over the years, certain sectors of the population have shown little interest or knowledge of the importance of landscape for the development of a community, town, or city, as well as the impact that it could have on society if effectively managed. There are many cities that have transformed their economy through tourism, both landscape and heritage, hence the need to maintain the integrity of iconic and emblematic places in the city of Cuenca. Objective. This study establishes the importance of the concept of landscape and its influence on the sustainability of tourism in Cuenca society. Objective. Establish the importance of the concept of landscape and its influence on the sustainability of tourism in Cuenca's society. Methodology. The research is of a documentary and descriptive type, based on a detailed systematic reading of articles, doctoral theses and management manuals published in the last 10 years that allow the establishment of clear concepts on landscape, sustainability, and cultural heritage; after the bibliographic review, surveys and interviews are applied to obtain the perception of the society of Cuenca and the relationship between landscape, cultural heritage and its management. In the case of the interview, it is conducted with experts from different branches or areas of expertise, who have or have had a link and relationship with the subject, from different approaches, which allows us to determine the degree of influence on society. Subsequently, surveys are applied to residents of the Barranco area, an emblematic place in the city. Results. In the first stage, a few 127 bibliographic sources were handled, of which more than 50% present similarity in concepts and terms; as for the experts' judgement, five (5) professionals from different branches were interviewed, whose perception is the existence of limiting regulations, the need for more interdisciplinary work, or simply the non-existence of adequate regulations regarding landscape interventions and heritage management. The results of the surveys show that 90% of the respondents believe that the influence of the landscape focuses on the growth of tourism and therefore economic growth, on the other hand only 10% believe that it improves social welfare and security. Conclusion. The study determines the imperative need for a public policy, together with regulations that allow an orderly territorial planning to preserve the cultural heritage of the city, and that allows a sustainable architectural development of the city, working in an integral and interdisciplinary way with the direct and indirect actors, to maintain and disseminate the preservation of the landscape of Cuenca in a sustainable way.Introducción. Alrededor del planeta existen lugares que son caracterizados o identificados por sus paisajes, entre otros atributos, sin embargo, con el pasar de los años ciertos sectores poblacionales han ido mostrado desinterés o poco conocimiento sobre la importancia que representa el paisaje para el desarrollo de una comunidad, pueblo o ciudad, así como también, el impacto que pudiese tener dentro de esa sociedad debido a una adecuada gestión. Existen muchas ciudades que han transformado su economía a través del turismo, tanto paisajístico como patrimonial, de ahí la necesidad de mantener la integridad de lugares icónicos y emblemáticos de la ciudad de Cuenca. Objetivo. Establecer la importancia del concepto de paisaje y su influencia para la sostenibilidad del turismo en la sociedad cuencana. Metodología.  La investigación es de tipo documental y descriptiva, parte de una lectura sistemática detallada de artículos, tesis doctorales y manuales de gestión publicadas en los últimos 10 años que permiten establecer conceptos claros sobre paisaje, sostenibilidad y patrimonio cultural; posterior a la revisión bibliográfica se aplica encuestas y entrevistas para la obtener la percepción de la sociedad cuencana y la relación del paisaje, el patrimonio cultural y su gestión. En el caso de la entrevista, se la lleva a cabo con expertos de diferentes ramas o experticias, que tienen o hayan tenido vinculo y relación con la temática, desde distintos enfoques, lo que permite determinar el grado de influencia en la sociedad. Posterior a esto se aplica encuestas a los residentes de la zona del Barranco, lugar emblemático de la ciudad. Resultados. En la primera etapa se manejó un número de 127 fuentes bibliográficas de los cuales más del 50 % presentan similitud en conceptos y términos; en cuanto al juicio de expertos se trabaja con cinco (5) profesionales de diferentes ramas, cuya percepción es la existencia de una normativa limitante, la necesidad de un mayor trabajo interdisciplinario, o simplemente la no existencia de normas adecuadas referente a las intervenciones en el paisaje y manejo de patrimonio. Los resultados de las encuestas realizadas demuestran que el 90% de encuestados cree que la influencia del paisaje se enfoca en el crecimiento del turismo y por ende crecimiento económico, por otra parte únicamente el 10 % cree que mejora el bienestar social y la seguridad. Conclusión. A partir del estudio se determina la necesidad imperante de una política pública, juntamente con normativas que permitan llevar a cabo una planificación territorial ordenada con el fin de preservar el patrimonio cultural de la ciudad, y que permita un desarrollo arquitectónico sustentable de la ciudad, trabajando de manera integral e interdisciplinar con los actores directos e indirectos, para mantener y difundir la preservación del paisaje cuencano de manera sostenible

Implementation analysis of the parish territorial planning in the canton Sigsig, Province of Azuay

Introducción: Varios autores definen al desarrollo local como la consecuencia de una planificación estructurada en donde se analizan aspectos económicos, sociales, naturales, políticos administrativos; a esto se suma la normativa legal existente dentro del territorio ecuatoriano que genera la obligatoriedad de la planificación a través de los elementos denominados Planes de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial (PDOT). Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de la implementación de los PDOTs en el desarrollo local en las parroquias del Cantón Sígsig en el periodo 2014-2014.   Metodología: Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo y la aplicación del método teórico y empírico realizado a través de encuestas. Resultados:   De los análisis ejecutados a cada uno de los seis gobiernos parroquiales se determina que cumplen con la elaboración de los PDOTs y la generación de planes, programas y proyectos, sin embargo, estas propuestas difieren en la práctica, puesto que estos proyectos planteados no se ejecutan, además que se observa inequidad dentro de la planificación y su ejecución. Los proyectos que se cumplieron fueron mínimos en relación a los proyectos propuestos, generando descontento en la población a tal punto de indicar que no ha existido desarrollo ambiental, social, económico y administrativo en sus territorios y lo poco que existió ha sido por iniciativa propia de sus habitantes puesto que no se sienten beneficiados.  Conclusiones: La planificación territorial local se la ejecuta como parte de una exigencia legal mas no con fines relacionados al desarrollo local, crecimiento económico, cuidado ambiental o mejoramiento de la gobernanza. En los procesos de planificación la población no es participe de su propio desarrollo, resaltando el alto desconocimiento de la población sobre la planificación, los proyectos a implementarse y su inversión, la cual se a realizado solo en espacios determinados y pocos beneficiarios.Introduction: Several authors define local development as the consequence of a structured planning where economic, social, natural, political and administrative aspects are analyzed; to this is added the existing legal regulations within the Ecuadorian territory that generates the mandatory nature of planning through the elements called Development and Land Management Plans (PDOT). Objective: To determine the effects of the implementation of the PDOTs on local development in the parishes of the Canton of Sígsig in the period 2014-2014.   Methodology: A quantitative and qualitative approach and the application of the theoretical and empirical method through surveys were used. Results: From the analysis carried out in each of the six parish governments, it was determined that they comply with the elaboration of the PDOTs and the generation of plans, programs and projects; however, these proposals differ in practice, since these proposed projects are not executed, and inequity is observed in the planning and execution. The projects that were carried out were minimal in relation to the proposed projects, generating discontent among the population to the point of indicating that there has been no environmental, social, economic and administrative development in their territories and the little that has existed has been at the initiative of the inhabitants because they do not feel that they have benefited from the Conclusions: Local territorial planning is carried out as part of a legal requirement but not for purposes related to local development, economic growth, environmental care or improvement of governance. In the planning processes, the population does not participate in their own development, highlighting the high lack of knowledge of the population about planning, projects to be implemented and their investment, which has been carried out only in certain areas and few beneficiaries

Proposal of normative guidelines for the use of rural soil in the case of canton Palora Morona Santiago province

Potenciar las ventajas de cada territorio constituye la idea central del desarrollo endógeno. Para su concreción práctica resultará imprescindible la instrumentalización de un adecuado uso y gestión del suelo, en el que se tenga en cuenta como base el marco jurídico ecuatoriano. Se analizó el caso del cantón Palora, su actividad agrícola y la siembra de pitahaya de forma específica. Cabe aclarar que este cultivo constituye la principal fuente generadora de economía local. Sin embargo, esta se ha implantado de forma espontánea y desorganizada, sin contar con un mínimo criterio técnico de regulación en el uso y gestión del suelo. El cultivo de pitahaya presenta un crecimiento imprevisto, acentuado en los últimos cinco años y continúa incrementándose. Esto se configura como una bonanza económica que constituye también un problema, puesto que pone en riesgo la frágil y rica biodiversidad al ser parte del Parque Nacional Sangay, la abundante red hídrica y la perdida cultural. Además, profundiza problemas de diversa índole, por ejemplo: cambio de uso de suelo; implantación de retiros hacia vías y linderos; exagerado fraccionamiento del suelo; apertura de nuevas vías; intensivo uso de agroquímicos; contaminación de cuerpos hídricos y del aire. Con el fin de conocer con certeza y a profundidad la realidad de la producción en el área de estudio, la investigación se desarrolló usando métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Entre estas herramientas destaca la encuesta, entrevista y grupo focal, respectivamente. La propuesta planteada para el cantón Palora formula un conjunto de lineamientos normativos. En primera instancia, se ratificó la clasificación en suelo urbano determinado con ordenanza y suelo rural. en el análisis del suelo rural se ha sub-clasificado en cuatro tipos de suelos: productivo, protección, extractivo y amortiguamiento, de éstos se definió polígonos de intervención, categorías y subcategorías con sus respectivas áreas de localización a nivel de parroquias.Enhancing the advantages of each territory is the main idea of endogenous development. For its practical realization, it will be essential the instrumentation of an adequate use and management of the soil, with an strong basis on Ecuadorian legislation. The case of the Palora canton, its agricultural activity and the sowing of pitahaya were analyzed in a specific way. It is necessary to highlight that this crop is the main source of the local economy, however, it has been implemented in a spontaneous and disorganized way, without having a minimum technical criterion of regulation in the use and management of the soil. The pitahaya cultivation has presented an unexpected growth, accentuated in the last five years, and continues increasing. This is configured as an economic bonanza that also constitutes a problem, since it puts at risk the fragile and rich cantonal biodiversity Sangay National Park, the abundant hydric resources and the cultural losses. Besides, it deepens different problems such us: change in the use of soil; the implementation of retreats towards roads and borders; the exaggerated soil fractioning; the opening of new roads; the intensive use of agrochemicals; and the contamination of natural resources like water and air. In order to know with certainty and in depth the reality of production in the area of study, the research has been developed using quantitative and qualitative methods, such us surveys and focus group interviews. The proposal for Palora´s canton formulates a set of legal norms. Firstly, the current classification in urban soil determined by local regulations and rural soil was ratified. In the analysis of rural soil, it was sub-classified into four types of soil: productive, protection, extractive and buffer zones. Then, the intervention polygons were defined, and categories and subcategories were detail, everyone with their own areas of location at the parroquial level

Differential clinical characteristics and prognosis of intraventricular conduction defects in patients with chronic heart failure

Intraventricular conduction defects (IVCDs) can impair prognosis of heart failure (HF), but their specific impact is not well established. This study aimed to analyse the clinical profile and outcomes of HF patients with LBBB, right bundle branch block (RBBB), left anterior fascicular block (LAFB), and no IVCDs. Clinical variables and outcomes after a median follow-up of 21 months were analysed in 1762 patients with chronic HF and LBBB (n = 532), RBBB (n = 134), LAFB (n = 154), and no IVCDs (n = 942). LBBB was associated with more marked LV dilation, depressed LVEF, and mitral valve regurgitation. Patients with RBBB presented overt signs of congestive HF and depressed right ventricular motion. The LAFB group presented intermediate clinical characteristics, and patients with no IVCDs were more often women with less enlarged left ventricles and less depressed LVEF. Death occurred in 332 patients (interannual mortality = 10.8%): cardiovascular in 257, extravascular in 61, and of unknown origin in 14 patients. Cardiac death occurred in 230 (pump failure in 171 and sudden death in 59). An adjusted Cox model showed higher risk of cardiac death and pump failure death in the LBBB and RBBB than in the LAFB and the no IVCD groups. LBBB and RBBB are associated with different clinical profiles and both are independent predictors of increased risk of cardiac death in patients with HF. A more favourable prognosis was observed in patients with LAFB and in those free of IVCDs. Further research in HF patients with RBBB is warranted

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030