6,489 research outputs found
Energy Dissipation Via Coupling With a Finite Chaotic Environment
We study the flow of energy between a harmonic oscillator (HO) and an
external environment consisting of N two-degrees of freedom non-linear
oscillators, ranging from integrable to chaotic according to a control
parameter. The coupling between the HO and the environment is bilinear in the
coordinates and scales with system size with the inverse square root of N. We
study the conditions for energy dissipation and thermalization as a function of
N and of the dynamical regime of the non-linear oscillators. The study is
classical and based on single realization of the dynamics, as opposed to
ensemble averages over many realizations. We find that dissipation occurs in
the chaotic regime for a fairly small N, leading to the thermalization of the
HO and environment a Boltzmann distribution of energies for a well defined
temperature. We develop a simple analytical treatment, based on the linear
response theory, that justifies the coupling scaling and reproduces the
numerical simulations when the environment is in the chaotic regime.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figure
Energy transfer dynamics and thermalization of two oscillators interacting via chaos
We consider the classical dynamics of two particles moving in harmonic
potential wells and interacting with the same external environment (HE),
consisting of N non-interacting chaotic systems. The parameters are set so that
when either particle is separately placed in contact with the environment, a
dissipative behavior is observed. When both particles are simultaneously in
contact with HE an indirect coupling between them is observed only if the
particles are in near resonance. We study the equilibrium properties of the
system considering ensemble averages for the case N=1 and single trajectory
dynamics for N large. In both cases, the particles and the environment reach an
equilibrium configuration at long times, but only for large N a temperature can
be assigned to the system.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
S = 3 Ground State for a Tetranuclear Mn^(IV)âOâ Complex Mimicking the Sâ State of the Oxygen Evolving Complex
The Sâ state is currently the last observable intermediate prior to OâO bond formation at the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of Photosystem II, and its electronic structure has been assigned to a homovalent Mn^(IV)â core with an S = 3 ground state. While structural interpretations based on the EPR spectroscopic features of the Sâ state provide valuable mechanistic insight, corresponding synthetic and spectroscopic studies on tetranuclear complexes mirroring the Mn oxidation states of the Sâ state remain rare. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization by XAS and multifrequency EPR spectroscopy of a Mn^(IV)âOâ cuboidal complex as a spectroscopic model of the Sâ state. Results show that this Mn^(IV)âOâ complex has an S = 3 ground state with isotropic â”â”Mn hyperfine coupling constants of â75, â88, â91, and 66 MHz. These parameters are consistent with an αααÎČ spin topology approaching the trimerâmonomer magnetic coupling model of pseudo-octahedral Mn^(IV) centers. Importantly, the spin ground state changes from S = 1/2 to S = 3 as the OEC is oxidized from the Sâ state to the Sâ state. This same spin state change is observed following oxidation of the previously reported Mn^(III)Mn^(IV)âOâ cuboidal complex to the Mn^(IV)âOâ complex described here. This sets a synthetic precedent for the observed low-spin to high-spin conversion in the OEC
Energy Dissipation Via Coupling With A Finite Chaotic Environment.
We study the flow of energy between a harmonic oscillator (HO) and an external environment consisting of N two-degrees-of-freedom nonlinear oscillators, ranging from integrable to chaotic according to a control parameter. The coupling between the HO and the environment is bilinear in the coordinates and scales with system size as 1/âN. We study the conditions for energy dissipation and thermalization as a function of N and of the dynamical regime of the nonlinear oscillators. The study is classical and based on a single realization of the dynamics, as opposed to ensemble averages over many realizations. We find that dissipation occurs in the chaotic regime for fairly small values of N, leading to the thermalization of the HO and the environment in a Boltzmann distribution of energies for a well-defined temperature. We develop a simple analytical treatment, based on the linear response theory, that justifies the coupling scaling and reproduces the numerical simulations when the environment is in the chaotic regime.8306111
Efficient Behavior of Small-World Networks
We introduce the concept of efficiency of a network, measuring how
efficiently it exchanges information. By using this simple measure small-world
networks are seen as systems that are both globally and locally efficient. This
allows to give a clear physical meaning to the concept of small-world, and also
to perform a precise quantitative a nalysis of both weighted and unweighted
networks. We study neural networks and man-made communication and
transportation systems and we show that the underlying general principle of
their construction is in fact a small-world principle of high efficiency.Comment: 1 figure, 2 tables. Revised version. Accepted for publication in
Phys. Rev. Let
A criança como "sujeito de direito" no cotidiano da Educação Infantil
A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida no municĂpio de VitĂłria (ES), no Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil (CMEI) Darcy Vargas. A metodologia se caracteriza como um estudo do tipo etnogrĂĄfico, utilizando-se de observação participante, registro sistemĂĄtico em diĂĄrio de campo e registro fotogrĂĄfico. A permanĂȘncia no campo de pesquisa abrangeu um perĂodo entre setembro a dezembro de 2011. Objetivou-se compreender o processo de apropriação do discurso referente Ă criança como sujeito de direitos e suas implicaçÔes nas prĂĄticas pedagĂłgicas da Educação Infantil, nesta experiĂȘncia e permanĂȘncia de crianças em tempo integral. Especificamente corresponderam a: investigar os processos histĂłricos produzidos em torno da ideia da criança como sujeito de direitos; analisar a apropriação da concepção de criança como sujeito de direitos pelo campo da Educação Infantil; e investigar as implicaçÔes do reconhecimento da criança como sujeito de direitos no cotidiano da educação infantil. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram as crianças, os professores e os assistentes de Educação Infantil de uma Turma Mista, composta por crianças de diferentes grupos e faixas etĂĄrias variadas entre 4 anos a 6 anos, do turno matutino do CMEI Darcy Vargas. Diante das discussĂ”es da ĂĄrea do direito, do contexto histĂłrico da criança como sujeito de direito e, especificamente, do direito ao acesso e Ă permanĂȘncia na educação infantil, tensionou-se as implicaçÔes do reconhecimento da criança como sujeito de direitos em um contexto no qual crianças sĂŁo atendidas pelo Programa de Educação em Tempo Integral. A hipĂłtese levantada, de que o reconhecimento da criança como sujeito de direitos gera mudanças no conceito de infĂąncia e nas concepçÔes de criança, Ă© legĂtima. As prĂĄticas educativas acompanham esse movimento no campo da educação infantil. Os resultados indicaram que a existĂȘncia do Programa de Educação em Tempo Integral, no cotidiano da educação infantil, pressupĂ”e o reconhecimento da criança como sujeito de direito, contudo, nas prĂĄticas instituĂdas sobressaem os direitos dos adultos, deixando transparecer uma contradição das diretrizes do Programa, destinadas, sobretudo, Ă s crianças em situação de risco e/ou vulnerabilidade social
Transfer Learning for Domain Adaptation in MRI: Application in Brain Lesion Segmentation
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely used in routine clinical diagnosis
and treatment. However, variations in MRI acquisition protocols result in
different appearances of normal and diseased tissue in the images.
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have shown to be successful in many
medical image analysis tasks, are typically sensitive to the variations in
imaging protocols. Therefore, in many cases, networks trained on data acquired
with one MRI protocol, do not perform satisfactorily on data acquired with
different protocols. This limits the use of models trained with large annotated
legacy datasets on a new dataset with a different domain which is often a
recurring situation in clinical settings. In this study, we aim to answer the
following central questions regarding domain adaptation in medical image
analysis: Given a fitted legacy model, 1) How much data from the new domain is
required for a decent adaptation of the original network?; and, 2) What portion
of the pre-trained model parameters should be retrained given a certain number
of the new domain training samples? To address these questions, we conducted
extensive experiments in white matter hyperintensity segmentation task. We
trained a CNN on legacy MR images of brain and evaluated the performance of the
domain-adapted network on the same task with images from a different domain. We
then compared the performance of the model to the surrogate scenarios where
either the same trained network is used or a new network is trained from
scratch on the new dataset.The domain-adapted network tuned only by two
training examples achieved a Dice score of 0.63 substantially outperforming a
similar network trained on the same set of examples from scratch.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Acceptability with general orderings
We present a new approach to termination analysis of logic programs. The
essence of the approach is that we make use of general orderings (instead of
level mappings), like it is done in transformational approaches to logic
program termination analysis, but we apply these orderings directly to the
logic program and not to the term-rewrite system obtained through some
transformation. We define some variants of acceptability, based on general
orderings, and show how they are equivalent to LD-termination. We develop a
demand driven, constraint-based approach to verify these
acceptability-variants.
The advantage of the approach over standard acceptability is that in some
cases, where complex level mappings are needed, fairly simple orderings may be
easily generated. The advantage over transformational approaches is that it
avoids the transformation step all together.
{\bf Keywords:} termination analysis, acceptability, orderings.Comment: To appear in "Computational Logic: From Logic Programming into the
Future
Structural Effects of Ammonia Binding to the Mn_4CaO_5 Cluster of Photosystem II
The Mn_4CaO_5 oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II catalyzes the light-driven oxidation of two substrate waters to molecular oxygen. ELDOR-detected NMR along with computational studies indicated that ammonia, a substrate analogue, binds as a terminal ligand to the Mn4A ion trans to the O5 Ό_4 oxido bridge. Results from electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopy confirmed this and showed that ammonia hydrogen bonds to the carboxylate side chain of D1-Asp61. Here we further probe the environment of OEC with an emphasis on the proximity of exchangeable protons, comparing ammonia-bound and unbound forms. Our ESEEM and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) results indicate that ammonia substitutes for the W1 terminal water ligand without significantly altering the electronic structure of the OEC
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