Mémoire et dystopie : l'utilisation politique de la mémoire dans le roman 1984 de George Orwell

À partir du roman 1984 de George Orwell, nous entendons montrer la relation entre la mémoire et la dystopie afin d'expliciter le lien qui existe entre les facultés mnésiques et leurs incidences sur une oeuvre de fiction à visée politique. Chez Orwell, les récupérations historiques d'événements avérés, les mises en abîmes tirées de la tradition de l'utopie et l'utilisation du langage sont représentatives d'une tendance à voir dans le passé les possibilités d'un à-venir autre. La manipulation des mémoires individuelle et collective par un régime totalitaire devient la voie privilégiée pour asseoir un pouvoir sur le social. Cependant, c'est également la mémoire qui permet à l'individu de s'échapper du cauchemar sociétal en lui inspirant des rêves compensatoires et en lui insufflant le désir d'oeuvrer concrètement au renversement de l'ordre établi. La mémoire permet ainsi l'émergence d'une altérité en fournissant les références d'un passé différent du présent qui alimenteront une critique du totalitarisme et, ultimement, contribueront à l'avènement d'un monde meilleur. La réappropriation d'une mémoire du passé devient, par conséquent, le moteur d'une écriture visant à définir l'horizon possible de l'avenir. Dans ce contexte, le passé s'avère être à la fois un enjeu primordial pour la domination totale et l'essence d'une résistance pour assurer à l'humanité l'espoir et l'avenir de la liberté. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Littérature, Mémoire, Dystopie, Totalitarisme. George Orwell: 1984

Densité, vers la complexité d’une notion

Evolution du discours sur la densit

Multi-variable Constrained Control Approach for a Three-Dimensional Eel-like Robot

International audienceIn this paper, a multi-variable feedback design for the 3D movement of an eel-like robot is presented. Such a robot is under construction in the context of a national French robotic project. The proposed feedback enables the tracking of a desired 3D position of the eel's head as well as the stabilization of the rolling angle. The control design is based on a recently developed reduced model that have been validated using a 3D complete continuous model. Several scenarios are proposed to assess the efficiency of the proposed feedback law

Stent pour implantation percutanée d'une prothèse textile de valve cardiaque

L'implantation percutanée de prothèses valvulaires cardiaques est un défi aujourd'hui relevé par la médecine. Pour y répondre, nous développons un dispositif capable d'assurer le fonctionnement d'une prothèse textile de valve cardiaque sur son site d'implantation tout en étant compressible pour passer par les voies naturelles. L'expérimentation met en avant l'influence du stent sur la régurgitation statique et confirme le bon fonctionnement dynamique de la valve ainsi que le maintien en place géométrique de l'endoprothèse. De part sa fabrication à la manière d'un tressage, la compressibilité du stent est bonne et ce malgré l'usage de fil d'acier. L'implantation nécessite quant à elle le développement d'un cathéter spécifique afin de positionner l'endoprothèse sur le lieu du déploiement. Les résultats actuels sont encourageants et les performances in-vitro proches de celles observées pour les prothèses mécaniques et biologiques. La réponse du stent vis à vis de sollicitations répétées sera étudiée à court term

Vers de nouvelles approches pour la capitalisation des modèles pour la simulation et l'optimisation : l'expérience du projet DIMOCODE

National audienceCe papier permet d'expliciter les fondements théoriques qui ont amené aux spécifications d'un nouveau type de plate-forme collaborative sur Internet, pour la capitalisation et la diffusion de modèles numériques et la mise en relation des savoirs-faire autour de ces modèles numériques. Le premier prototype, faisant l'objet du projet DIMOCODE soutenu par le CNRS, est détaill

Probing ligand and cation binding sites in G-quadruplex nucleic acids by mass spectrometry and electron photodetachment dissociation sequencing

International audienceMass spectrometry provides exquisite detail on ligand and cation binding stoichiometries with a DNA target. The next important step is to develop reliable methods to determine the cation and ligand binding sites in each complex separated by the mass spectrometer. To circumvent the caveat of ligand derivatization for cross-linking, which may alter the ligand binding mode, we explored a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method that does not require ligand derivatization, and is therefore also applicable to localize metal cations. By obtaining more negative charge states for the complexes using supercharging agents, and by creating radical ions by electron photodetachment, oligonucleotide bonds become weaker than the DNA-cation or DNA-ligand noncovalent bonds upon collision-induced dissociation of the radicals. This electron photodetachment (EPD) method allows to locate the binding regions of cations and ligands by top-down sequencing of the oligonucleotide target. The very potent G-quadruplex ligands 360A and PhenDC3 were found to replace a potassium cation and bind close to the central loop of 4-repeat human telomeric sequences

Final Research Report on Auto-Tagging of Music

The deliverable D4.7 concerns the work achieved by IRCAM until M36 for the “auto-tagging of music”. The deliverable is a research report. The software libraries resulting from the research have been integrated into Fincons/HearDis! Music Library Manager or are used by TU Berlin. The final software libraries are described in D4.5. The research work on auto-tagging has concentrated on four aspects: 1) Further improving IRCAM’s machine-learning system ircamclass. This has been done by developing the new MASSS audio features, including audio augmentation and audio segmentation into ircamclass. The system has then been applied to train HearDis! “soft” features (Vocals-1, Vocals-2, Pop-Appeal, Intensity, Instrumentation, Timbre, Genre, Style). This is described in Part 3. 2) Developing two sets of “hard” features (i.e. related to musical or musicological concepts) as specified by HearDis! (for integration into Fincons/HearDis! Music Library Manager) and TU Berlin (as input for the prediction model of the GMBI attributes). Such features are either derived from previously estimated higher-level concepts (such as structure, key or succession of chords) or by developing new signal processing algorithm (such as HPSS) or main melody estimation. This is described in Part 4. 3) Developing audio features to characterize the audio quality of a music track. The goal is to describe the quality of the audio independently of its apparent encoding. This is then used to estimate audio degradation or music decade. This is to be used to ensure that playlists contain tracks with similar audio quality. This is described in Part 5. 4) Developing innovative algorithms to extract specific audio features to improve music mixes. So far, innovative techniques (based on various Blind Audio Source Separation algorithms and Convolutional Neural Network) have been developed for singing voice separation, singing voice segmentation, music structure boundaries estimation, and DJ cue-region estimation. This is described in Part 6.EC/H2020/688122/EU/Artist-to-Business-to-Business-to-Consumer Audio Branding System/ABC D

BPD-DS in the elderly

Background : Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) is one of the most effective surgical approaches for the treatment of severe obesity. Objective : The objective of this study is to compare perioperative complications and long-term results of open BPD-DS in elderly versus younger patients. Methods : All patients aged 60 years and above who underwent a primary open BPD-DS in our center were selected (n = 105). Patients were matched 1:1 for sex, BMI, the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and year of surgery with a group of younger patients (aged ≤55 years). Results : The mean age of the patients was 62.3 ± 2.0 vs. 40.4 ± 7.0 years (p ≤ 0.0001). Initial BMI and prevalence of T2DM were similar in both groups, at 50.9 kg/m2 and 57 %, respectively. Mean operative time (178.6 ± 46.7 vs. 162.5 ± 39.9 min, p = 0.01), hospital stay (10.2 ± 8.3 vs. 6.3 ± 1.5 days, p = 0.0001), and blood loss (593 ± 484 vs. 474 ± 241 ml, p = 0.05) were significantly higher in elderly patients. No difference in 30-day mortality rate was observed (0.9 % in each group). There was no significant difference in major complication rate (16.2 vs. 8.6 %, p = 0.09). At a mean follow-up of 7.1 ± 4.1 years, excess weight loss (67.6 ± 19.2 vs. 72.7 ± 20.7 %, p = 0.06) and BMI (32.2 ± 5.7 vs. 30.8 ± 6.6 kg/m2, p = 0.15) were not significantly different. No significant difference was observed between the two groups for the resolution of T2DM (p = 0.53) and obstructive sleep apnea (p = 0.44). Conclusions : Open BPD-DS is associated with similar long-term benefits in elderly and younger patients, in terms of weight loss and resolution or improvement of obesity-related comorbidities. Perioperative complications might be more frequent in the elderly population, but this was not associated with increased mortality