5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Isolation, genotyping and antimicrobial resistance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an enteric pathogen linked to outbreaks of human gastroenteritis with diverse clinical spectra. In this review, we have examined the currently methodologies and molecular characterization techniques for assessing the phenotypic, genotypic and functional characteristics of STEC O157 and non-O157. In particular, traditional culture and isolation methods, including selective enrichment and differential plating, have enabled the effective recovery of STEC. Following recovery, immunological serotyping of somatic surface antigens (O-antigens) and flagellum (H-antigens) are employed for the classification of the STEC isolates. Molecular genotyping methods, including multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis, arrays, and whole genome sequencing, can discriminate the isolate virulence profile beyond the serotype level. Virulence profiling is focused on the identification of chromosomal and plasmid genes coding for adhesins, cytotoxins, effectors, and hemolysins to better assess the pathogenic potential of the recovered STEC isolates. Important animal reservoirs are cattle and other small domestic ruminants. STEC can also be recovered from other carriers, such as mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, shellfish and insects. Finally, antimicrobial resistance in STEC is a matter of growing concern, supporting the need to monitor the use of these agents by private, public and agricultural sectors. Certain antimicrobials can induce Shiga toxin production and thus promote the onset of severe disease symptoms in humans. Together, this information will provide a better understanding of risks associated with STEC and will aid in the development of efficient and targeted intervention strategies. Keywords: Antimicrobials, Escherichia coli, Food safety, Genotyping, Zoonosi

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 and Non-O157 recovered from domestic farm animals in rural communities in Northwestern Mexico

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and non-O157 is a matter of increasing concern. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of STEC O157 and non-O157 recovered from feces of domestic farm animals in the agricultural Culiacan Valley in Northwestern Mexico. Findings All of the examined STEC strains showed susceptibility to five antimicrobials, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, resistance to the four antimicrobials, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin was commonly observed. Interestingly, non-susceptibility to cephalothin was predominant among the examined STEC strains, corresponding to 85 % (22/26) of the O157:H7 from cattle, sheep and chicken and 73 % (24/33) of the non-O157 strains from cattle and sheep. Statistical analyses revealed that resistance to ampicillin was significantly correlated to 38 % (10/26) of STEC O157:H7 strains from multiple animal sources. Another significant correlation was found between serotype, source, and antimicrobial resistance; all of the O20:H4 strains, recovered from sheep, were highly resistant to tetracycline. Multidrug resistance profiles were identified in 42 % (22/53) of the non-susceptible STEC strains with clinically-relevant serotypes O8:H9, O75:H8, O146:H21, and O157:H7. Conclusions STEC O157 and non-O157 strains, recovered from domestic farm animals in the Culiacan Valley, exhibited resistance to classes of antimicrobials commonly used in Mexico, such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, cephalosporins and penicillin but were susceptible to fluoroquinolones, quinolones, and sulfonamides. These findings provide fundamental information that would aid in the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in an important agricultural region in Northwestern Mexico

Additional file 1: of Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 and Non-O157 recovered from domestic farm animals in rural communities in Northwestern Mexico

Antimicrobial agents used in the present study. (DOCX 14 kb

Capacidade de agencia de autocuidado no paciente com hipertensão arterial em uma instituição de segundo nível

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en 245 pacientes hipertensos que asistieron a una institución de segundo nivel de atención en el 2010, mediante el desarrollo de un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal con la aplicación del instrumento Evaluación de la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en el paciente hipertenso. Se encontró que el 81,22 % (n = 199) y el 8,16 % (n = 20) de los pacientes presentaron una capacidad de agencia de autocuidado media y baja respectivamente, y tan solo el 10,61 % (n = 26) de los pacientes presentó una capacidad de agencia de autocuidado alta. Ello indicaría que aunque el paciente con hipertensión arterial posee algunas habilidades que le permiten discernir acerca de los factores que debe controlar para promover su salud y su cuidado, son insuficientes para lograr una adecuada adherencia al tratamiento, ya que para alcanzar un compromiso y participación en este, es necesario que existan conductas permanentes de autocuidado que faciliten el autoconocimiento, el empoderamiento del individuo y el desarrollo de la capacidad de tomar decisiones sobre su salud. La percepción del paciente de su estado de salud es fundamental para el desarrollo de las capacidades de autocuidado; por eso es fundamental que el profesional de enfermería intervenga de acuerdo con las capacidades del individuo, para autocuidarse promoviendo apoyo educativo que le permita al paciente modificar su comportamiento, adquirir conocimiento y habilidad.ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine the self-care ability on 245 hypertensive patients who attended to a secondary level institution in 2010. This was done by developing a descriptive cross-sectional study with the application of the “Assessment self-care ability instrument in hypertensive patients” (Evaluación de la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en el paciente hipertenso). We found that 81.22% (n = 199) and 8.16% (n = 20) of the patients presented a medium and low Self-care ability respectively, and only the 10.61% (n = 26) of the patients presented a high self-care ability. This would indicate that, although the patient with hypertension has some abilities that let him/her discern about the factors that he/she should control to promote his health and health care, they are insufficient to achieve an adequate adherence to the treatment. In order to have their commitment and participation, it is necessary to have permanent self care behaviors to facilitate the self-awareness, the empowerment of the individual and the development of the capacity to make decisions about their health. The patient's perception of his health is critical to the development of the self care abilities, so it is essential that the nurse intervene in accordance with the individual's capacities to self-care, by promoting educational support to allow the patient to modify his behavior, acquiring knowledge and skill.The objective of this study was to determine the self-care ability on 245 hypertensive patients who attended to a secondary level institution in 2010. This was done by developing a descriptive cross-sectional study with the application of the “Assessment self-care ability instrument in hypertensive patients” (Evaluación de la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en el paciente hipertenso). We found that 81.22% (n = 199) and 8.16% (n = 20) of the patients presented a medium and low Self-care ability respectively, and only the 10.61% (n = 26) of the patients presented a high self-care ability. This would indicate that, although the patient with hypertension has some abilities that let him/her discern about the factors that he/she should control to promote his health and health care, they are insufficient to achieve an adequate adherence to the treatment. In order to have their commitment and participation, it is necessary to have permanent self care behaviors to facilitate the self-awareness, the empowerment of the individual and the development of the capacity to make decisions about their health. The patient's perception of his health is critical to the development of the self care abilities, so it is essential that the nurse intervene in accordance with the individual's capacities to self-care, by promoting educational support to allow the patient to modify his behavior, acquiring knowledge and skill.O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a capacidade de agencia de autocuidado em 245 pacientes hipertensos que compareceram a uma instituição de segundo nível de atenção em 2010, mediante o desenvolvimento de um estudo descritivo de tipo transversal com a aplicação do instrumento Avaliação da capacidade de agencia de autocuidado no paciente hipertenso. Encontrou-se que 81,22 % (n = 199) e 8,16 % (n = 20) dos pacientes apresentaram uma capacidade de agencia de autocuidado média e baixa respectivamente, e somente 10,61 % (n = 26) dos pacientes apresentou uma capacidade de agencia de autocuidado alta. Isso indicaria que, o paciente com hipertensão arterial possui algumas habilidades que lhe permitem discernir sobre os fatores que deve controlar para promover sua saúde e seu cuidado, são insuficientes para conseguir uma adequada aderência ao tratamento, já que para alcançar um compromisso e participação neste, é preciso que existam condutas permanentes de autocuidado que facilitem o autoconhecimento, o empoderamento do indivíduo e o desenvolvimento da capacidade de tomar decisões sobre sua saúde. A percepção do paciente de seu estado de saúde é fundamental para o desenvolvimento das capacidades de autocuidado; por isso é fundamental que o profissional de enfermagem intervenha de acordo com as capacidades do indivíduo, para autocuidar-se promovendo apoio educativo que permita ao paciente modificar seu comportamento, adquirir conhecimento e habilidade

Capacidade de agencia de autocuidado no paciente com hipertensão arterial em uma instituição de segundo nível

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en 245 pacientes hipertensos que asistieron a una institución de segundo nivel de atención en el 2010, mediante el desarrollo de un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal con la aplicación del instrumento Evaluación de la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en el paciente hipertenso. Se encontró que el 81,22 % (n = 199) y el 8,16 % (n = 20) de los pacientes presentaron una capacidad de agencia de autocuidado media y baja respectivamente, y tan solo el 10,61 % (n = 26) de los pacientes presentó una capacidad de agencia de autocuidado alta. Ello indicaría que aunque el paciente con hipertensión arterial posee algunas habilidades que le permiten discernir acerca de los factores que debe controlar para promover su salud y su cuidado, son insuficientes para lograr una adecuada adherencia al tratamiento, ya que para alcanzar un compromiso y participación en este, es necesario que existan conductas permanentes de autocuidado que faciliten el autoconocimiento, el empoderamiento del individuo y el desarrollo de la capacidad de tomar decisiones sobre su salud. La percepción del paciente de su estado de salud es fundamental para el desarrollo de las capacidades de autocuidado; por eso es fundamental que el profesional de enfermería intervenga de acuerdo con las capacidades del individuo, para autocuidarse promoviendo apoyo educativo que le permita al paciente modificar su comportamiento, adquirir conocimiento y habilidad.ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine the self-care ability on 245 hypertensive patients who attended to a secondary level institution in 2010. This was done by developing a descriptive cross-sectional study with the application of the “Assessment self-care ability instrument in hypertensive patients” (Evaluación de la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en el paciente hipertenso). We found that 81.22% (n = 199) and 8.16% (n = 20) of the patients presented a medium and low Self-care ability respectively, and only the 10.61% (n = 26) of the patients presented a high self-care ability. This would indicate that, although the patient with hypertension has some abilities that let him/her discern about the factors that he/she should control to promote his health and health care, they are insufficient to achieve an adequate adherence to the treatment. In order to have their commitment and participation, it is necessary to have permanent self care behaviors to facilitate the self-awareness, the empowerment of the individual and the development of the capacity to make decisions about their health. The patient's perception of his health is critical to the development of the self care abilities, so it is essential that the nurse intervene in accordance with the individual's capacities to self-care, by promoting educational support to allow the patient to modify his behavior, acquiring knowledge and skill.The objective of this study was to determine the self-care ability on 245 hypertensive patients who attended to a secondary level institution in 2010. This was done by developing a descriptive cross-sectional study with the application of the “Assessment self-care ability instrument in hypertensive patients” (Evaluación de la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado en el paciente hipertenso). We found that 81.22% (n = 199) and 8.16% (n = 20) of the patients presented a medium and low Self-care ability respectively, and only the 10.61% (n = 26) of the patients presented a high self-care ability. This would indicate that, although the patient with hypertension has some abilities that let him/her discern about the factors that he/she should control to promote his health and health care, they are insufficient to achieve an adequate adherence to the treatment. In order to have their commitment and participation, it is necessary to have permanent self care behaviors to facilitate the self-awareness, the empowerment of the individual and the development of the capacity to make decisions about their health. The patient's perception of his health is critical to the development of the self care abilities, so it is essential that the nurse intervene in accordance with the individual's capacities to self-care, by promoting educational support to allow the patient to modify his behavior, acquiring knowledge and skill.O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a capacidade de agencia de autocuidado em 245 pacientes hipertensos que compareceram a uma instituição de segundo nível de atenção em 2010, mediante o desenvolvimento de um estudo descritivo de tipo transversal com a aplicação do instrumento Avaliação da capacidade de agencia de autocuidado no paciente hipertenso. Encontrou-se que 81,22 % (n = 199) e 8,16 % (n = 20) dos pacientes apresentaram uma capacidade de agencia de autocuidado média e baixa respectivamente, e somente 10,61 % (n = 26) dos pacientes apresentou uma capacidade de agencia de autocuidado alta. Isso indicaria que, o paciente com hipertensão arterial possui algumas habilidades que lhe permitem discernir sobre os fatores que deve controlar para promover sua saúde e seu cuidado, são insuficientes para conseguir uma adequada aderência ao tratamento, já que para alcançar um compromisso e participação neste, é preciso que existam condutas permanentes de autocuidado que facilitem o autoconhecimento, o empoderamento do indivíduo e o desenvolvimento da capacidade de tomar decisões sobre sua saúde. A percepção do paciente de seu estado de saúde é fundamental para o desenvolvimento das capacidades de autocuidado; por isso é fundamental que o profissional de enfermagem intervenha de acordo com as capacidades do indivíduo, para autocuidar-se promovendo apoio educativo que permita ao paciente modificar seu comportamento, adquirir conhecimento e habilidade

Early versus deferred anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma in patients admitted for COVID-19: A randomized phase II clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Convalescent plasma (CP), despite limited evidence on its efficacy, is being widely used as a compassionate therapy for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early CP therapy in COVID-19 progression. METHODS AND FINDINGS: The study was an open-label, single-center randomized clinical trial performed in an academic medical center in Santiago, Chile, from May 10, 2020, to July 18, 2020, with final follow-up until August 17, 2020. The trial included patients hospitalized within the first 7 days of COVID-19 symptom onset, presenting risk factors for illness progression and not on mechanical ventilation. The intervention consisted of immediate CP (early plasma group) versus no CP unless developing prespecified criteria of deterioration (deferred plasma group). Additional standard treatment was allowed in both arms. The primary outcome was a composite of mechanical ventilation, hospitalization for >14 days, or death. The key secondary outcomes included time to respiratory failure, days of mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, mortality at 30 days, and SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR clearance rate. Of 58 randomized patients (mean age, 65.8 years; 50% male), 57 (98.3%) completed the trial. A total of 13 (43.3%) participants from the deferred group received plasma based on clinical aggravation. We failed to find benefit in the primary outcome (32.1% versus 33.3%, odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% CI 0.32–2.84, p > 0.999) in the early versus deferred CP group. The in-hospital mortality rate was 17.9% versus 6.7% (OR 3.04, 95% CI 0.54–17.17 p = 0.246), mechanical ventilation 17.9% versus 6.7% (OR 3.04, 95% CI 0.54–17.17, p = 0.246), and prolonged hospitalization 21.4% versus 30.0% (OR 0.64, 95% CI, 0.19–2.10, p = 0.554) in the early versus deferred CP group, respectively. The viral clearance rate on day 3 (26% versus 8%, p = 0.204) and day 7 (38% versus 19%, p = 0.374) did not differ between groups. Two patients experienced serious adverse events within 6 hours after plasma transfusion. The main limitation of this study is the lack of statistical power to detect a smaller but clinically relevant therapeutic effect of CP, as well as not having confirmed neutralizing antibodies in donor before plasma infusion. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we failed to find evidence of benefit in mortality, length of hospitalization, or mechanical ventilation requirement by immediate addition of CP therapy in the early stages of COVID-19 compared to its use only in case of patient deterioration

Emergencias y desastres

Aplicación de encuesta en aldeas, instaladas posterremoto/tsunami, Región del MauleCooperación internacional y respuesta del sistema de salud frente al terremoto de febrero de 2010Estudio de los fallecidos durante el desastre del 27 de febrero en ChileExperiencia de solidaridad internacional de urgencia en Rancagua, Chile, postsismo 2010Incidencia de patologías posterremoto en la comunidad de HualañéIncidencia de trastorno de estrés postraumático posterior al terremoto en Chile en los trabajadores bancario

Different outcomes for transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in Latin America according to the public versus private management: a GELAMM study

The aim of this study was to describe clinical and survival characteristics of transplant-eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients in Latin America (LA), with a special focus on differences between public and private healthcare facilities. We included 1293 patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2018. A great disparity in outcomes and survival between both groups was observed. Late diagnosis and low access to adequate frontline therapy and ASCT in public institutions probably explain these differences. Patients treated with novel drug induction protocols, followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and maintenance, have similar overall survival compared to that published internationally