437 research outputs found

    Effects of Corporate Policies and Governance Practices on Ownership Structure: Evidence from Chilean Firms

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    We analyze the effects of financing policies, dividends, and corporate governance on ownership structure in Chilean companies. We used a sample of 185 companies listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange that answered the NCG 341 survey on Corporate Governance Practices in 2013. The two-limit Tobit regression (TLTR) results show that debt and dividend policies exert a negative effect on controlling shareholder ownership and a positive effect on minority shareholder ownership. The results show that these policies facilitate control over corporate management determined by the interests of controlling shareholders, as well as protect minority shareholders’ rights by complementing their monitoring role. Corporate governance practices have significant effects on the ownership structure of Chilean companies.Este artículo se propone analizar el impacto de las políticas de financiamiento, dividendos y gobierno corporativo sobre la estructura de propiedad en compañías chilenas. Se usó una muestra de 185 compañías listadas en la Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago, que contestaron la encuesta NCG 341 sobre Prácticas de Gobierno Corporativo en 2013. Los resultados de las regresiones Tobit de dos límites (TLTR) demuestran que las políticas de endeudamiento y de dividendos negativamente afectan la propiedad de los accionistas controladores y protegen los derechos de los accionistas minoritarios al complementar su rol de monitoreo. Las prácticas de gobierno corporativo tienen efectos significativos sobre la estructura de propiedad de las compañías chilenas

    ¿Afecta la discreción de la gerencia al vencimiento de la deuda en las firmas chilenas? Un enfoque al costo de las agencias y a la información asimétrica

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    We address debt maturity determinants for Chilean firms using data whose information was drawn from the Longitudinal Survey of Companies (ELE). Results from pooled Tobit regressions indicate that for firms with high growth opportunities, managerial discretion will encourage longer debt terms, a decision that contributes to reducing liquidity risk. For firms with low growth opportunities, managerial discretion does not affect debt maturity, while external monitoring reduces it. These results provide new evidence for international literature. Other conclusions suggest that debt maturity is positively related to firm size, capital structure, and asset tangibility and negatively related to agency costs and membership in a holding company. These findings are consistent with international studies.Abordamos los determinantes de la madurez de la deuda de las empresas chilenas utilizando datos, cuya información se extrajo de la Encuesta Longitudinal de Empresas (ELE). Los resultados de las regresiones agrupadas de Tobit indican que para las empresas con altas oportunidades de crecimiento, la discreciona- lidad gerencial estimulará plazos de deuda más largos, decisión que contribuye a reducir el riesgo de liquidez. Para las empresas con bajas oportunidades de crecimiento, la discrecionalidad gerencial no afecta la madurez de la deuda, mientras que la supervisión externa la reduce. Estos resultados proporcionan nueva evidencia para la literatura internacional. Otras conclusiones sugieren que el vencimiento de la deuda está relacionado positivamente con el tamaño de la empresa, la estructura de capital y la tangibilidad de los activos; y está relacionado negati- vamente con los costos de la agencia y la membresía en una compañía de cartera. Estos hallazgos son consistentes con estudios internacionales

    Aprovechamiento de cascarilla de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) variedad trinitario (CCN-51) en la elaboración de licor cremoso artesanal.

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    El cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) es uno de los productos ecuatorianos de exportación. Las industrias del cacao y sus derivados situadas en el país generan miles de toneladas anuales de desechos originarios del pericarpio y de la almendra de cacao, mismos que pueden generar afectaciones al medio ambiente. Ante esta situación, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue desarrollar un licor cremoso artesanal con adición del 2% y 3% de cascarilla de cacao Trinitario (CCN-51) (Theobroma cacao L.) con granulometrías de 0,1 mm, 0,3 mm y 0,5 mm.Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of Ecuador's export products. The cocoa industries and their derivatives located in the country generate thousands of tons of waste originating in cocoa almond each year, which can cause environmental impacts. Faced with this situation. The objective of this research was to develop a creamy artisanal liquor with addition of 2% and 3% of Trinitarian cocoa husk (Theobroma cacao L.) with granulometries of 0.1mm, 0.3mm and 0.5mm

    La calidad de vida de las personas mayores en una zona de salud de Huelva

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    El envejecimiento de la población constituye hoy en día uno de los problemas más acuciantes en nuestra sociedad. El incremento del colectivo de mayores de 65 años (donde destaca un fuerte incremento de la población de edad más avanzada -80 años-) está planteando nuevas demandas a los profesionales de los dispositivos de salud y/o servicios sociales, así como a los gestores e interventores que están implicados en la adopción y puesta en práctica de políticas de Bienestar. Con objeto de conocer la situación concreta de este colectivo en una zona de Huelva se plantea el presente estudio cuyo objetivo principal es valorar la calidad de vida de la población mayor. Para ello se seleccionó, a partir del censo disponible, una muestra representativa de la población de 65 años y más de una zona de salud de Huelva capital. Mediante entrevistas individualizadas en los domicilios de los mayores, llevadas a cabo por personal específicamente entrenado, se administraron una serie de escalas y cuestionarios para medir distintos aspectos (tanto objetivos como subjetivos) de la calidad de vida. Entre otros se midieron la autopercepción de salud y el bienestar subjetivo (a través de la satisfacción con la vida), las relaciones sociales y el apoyo social y el grado de autonomía del anciano, además de variables sociodemográficas. En el presente trabajo se presentan solamente los resultados referidos a la salud y el bienestar subjetivos de los mayores. Pretendemos que los resultados finales sobre los distintos aspectos medidos de la calidad de vida de los mayores puedan servir para orientar actuaciones de cara a mejorar la situación de este sector de población.The ageing of the population is nowadays one of the most pressing problems in our society. The increase of the community of people over 65 (where a strong increase of the oldest population –80 years old– is remarkable) is demanding new challenges from public health and/or social services professionals, and from managers and supervisors involved in the adoption and implementation of Welfare policies. In order to knowing the concrete situation of this group in an area of Huelva, the present study is planned. Its main aim is to assess quality of life of the older population. For this purpose, a representative sample of the population over 65 and more than one health zone of the city of Huelva were selected from the available census. By means of individual interviews at the elders’ homes made by specifically trained staff, a number of scales and questionnaires were administered in order to measure several aspects (both objective and subjective) of the quality of life. Among others, health self-perception and subjective well-being (through satisfaction with life), social relationships and support, and the degree of autonomy of the elder, as well as some socio-demographic variables, were measured. The present study shows only the results relative to the elders’ subjective health and well-being. Our aim is for the final results of the various measured aspects of the elders’ quality of life to help guiding performances in order to improve the situation of this sector of the populatio

    Comparative analytical study of the coupled criterion and the principle of minimum total energy with stress condition applied to linear elastic interfaces

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    In the present work the Coupled Criterion of Finite Fracture Mechanics (CCFFM) is used to predict crack onset or growth by finite increments in a linear elastic interface. The predictions of the interface failure by two alternative approaches of the CCFFM applied to the Linear Elastic Brittle Interface Model (LEBIM): the widely used method based on looking for an intersection of stress and energy criteria curves and the novel Principle of Minimum Total Energy subjected to a Stress Condition (PMTE-SC), are studied and compared. For this purpose, two analytical studies, based on the stress and energy criteria curves and the PMTE-SC, are carefully explained, providing appropriate graphical representations, by considering the widely used Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) test as benchmark problem. For the sake of simplicity, the Euler–Bernoulli beam model including an elastic interface (the Winkler interface) to model the adhesive layer joint is used in this study. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first study showing, for both load and displacement control, that the PMTE-SC is equivalent to the classical formulation of the CCFFM, providing exactly the same analytical predictions for the crack onset and propagation. The fact that onset of a finite crack-advance typically predicted by CCFFM is associated to tunnelling the total energy barrier is also illustrated on the DCB test. The main advantages of the PMTE-SC are its versatility and possibility of applying it to complex configurations including multiple cracks and fracture mixed-mode behaviour.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Regional Development Fund Project PGC2018- 099197-B-I00Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento de la Junta de Andalucía (Spain) Project P18-FR-1928Universidad de Sevilla (España) and Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020 contract US-1266016Junta de Andalucía (Spain) and European Social Fund Acciones de transferencia del conocimiento AT17-5908-US

    Perceptions on the importance of gerontological education by teachers and students of undergraduate health sciences

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    BACKGROUND: The main challenge of higher education institutions throughout the world is to develop professionals capable of understanding and responding to the current social priorities of our countries. Given the utmost importance of addressing the complex needs of an increasingly elderly population in Mexico, the National Autonomous University of Mexico has systematically incorporated modules dealing with primary gerontological health care into several of its undergraduate programs in health sciences. The objective of this study was to analyze teacher's and student's perceptions about the current educational practices on gerontology. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 26 teachers and 122 undergraduate students. Subjects were administered interviews and responded survey instrument. RESULTS: A vast proportion of the teachers (42%) reported students' attitudes towards their academic training as the most important factor affecting learning in the field of gerontology, whereas students reported that the main problems of education in gerontology were theoretical (32%) and methodological (28%). In addition, 41% of students considered education on ageing matters as an essential element for their professional development, as compared to 19% of teachers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the teachers' perceptions about the low importance of education on ageing matters for the professional practice of health sciences could be a negative factor for gerontology teaching

    Solvent effects on de-excitation channels in the p-coumaric acid methyl ester anion, an analogue of the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) chromophore

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    En un intento por arrojar luz sobre los efectos ambientales en los canales de desactivación del cromóforo PYP, se comparan los mecanismos de desactivación radiativa y no radiactiva del éster metílico del ácido p- cúmico aniónico (pCE - ) en la fase gaseosa y la solución acuosa en el CASPT2 // CASSCF / cc-pVDZ nivel y, cuando sea necesario, a nivel CASPT2 // CASPT2 / cc-pVDZ. Encontramos que el solvente produce modificaciones dramáticas en el perfil de energía libre del estado S1. Dos estructuras retorcidas que son mínimas en la fase gaseosa no pudieron ser localizadas en solución acuosa. Además, la estabilidad relativa de los mínimos y las intersecciones cónicas (IC) se revierte con respecto a los valores de la fase gaseosa, lo que afecta a las rutas de desactivación prevalentes. Como consecuencia de estos cambios, se abren tres canales de de-excitación competitivos en solución acuosa: la emisión de fluorescencia desde un mínimo planar en S1, la fotoisomerización trans - cis a través de un IC que implica la rotación del doble enlace de vinilo y el no desvitación radiativa, no reactiva, a través de la IC asociada a la rotación del enlace simple adyacente al grupo fenilo. En la fase gaseosa, los mínimos son las estructuras con menor energía, mientras que en solución la estructura CI β , caracterizada por una gran separación de cargas, se estabiliza fuertemente mediante interacciones con moléculas de agua y se convierte en la estructura con la energía más baja en S1. Estos hechos explican la baja señal de fluorescencia de pCE - en solución acuosa y la presencia de fotoisomerización trans - cis parcial en este sistema.In an attempt to shed light on the environmental effects on the deactivation channels of the PYP chromophore, radiative and non-radiative deactivation mechanisms of the anionic p-coumaric acid methyl ester (pCE−) in the gas phase and water solution are compared at the CASPT2//CASSCF/cc-pVDZ level and, when necessary, at the CASPT2//CASPT2/cc-pVDZ level. We find that the solvent produces dramatic modifications on the free energy profile of the S1 state. Two twisted structures that are minima in the gas phase could not be localized in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the relative stability of minima and conical intersections (CIs) is reverted with respect to the gas phase values, affecting the prevalent de-excitation paths. As a consequence of these changes, three competitive de-excitation channels are open in aqueous solution: the fluorescence emission from a planar minimum on S1, the trans–cis photoisomerization through a CI that involves the rotation of the vinyl double bond and the non-radiative, non-reactive, de-excitation through the CI associated with the rotation of the single bond adjacent to the phenyl group. In the gas phase, the minima are the structures with lower energy, while in solution the CIβ structure, characterized by a large charge separation, is strongly stabilized by interactions with water molecules and becomes the structure with the lowest energy on S1. These facts explain the low fluorescence signal of pCE− in aqueous solution and the presence of partial trans–cis photoisomerization in this system.Trabajo financiado por: Gobierno de Extremadura. Consejería de Economía, Comercio e Innovación. Proyecto GR15169peerReviewe

    Prevalence of bullying in students aged 12 to 16: bullying behaviors and gender bullying behaviors

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    Proliferan estudios a nivel mundial tratando de concluir sobre la naturaleza, prevalencia, factores de riesgo, consecuencias y formas de prevención e intervención en el bullying. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de bullying y factores relacionados en estudiantes adolescentes de una región de Córdoba, España. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en 325 estudiantes (48,9 % mujeres) con edades entre 12 y 16 años (M=14,97; DE=1,4) pertenecientes a 12 centros educativos. El bullying fue evaluado mediante el Cuestionario de Acoso entre Iguales (CAI). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de las conductas de acoso y de acoso de género realizando un análisis bivariado y multivariado, para determinar la asociación entre las diferentes conductas de acoso y las variables sociodemográficas sexo y edad de los participantes. Resultados: La prevalencia de bullying fue 19,1%. Se encontró asociación significativa entre género y acoso mediante amenazas, exclusión social indirecta y maltrato físico. A más jóvenes sufren un mayor maltrato verbal y se sienten excluidos socialmente de forma directa. Aquellas chicas consideradas poco atractivas, y los chicos cuyo comportamiento difiere de los estereotipos de su género o van poco con chicas, tienen más probabilidades de sufrir acoso escolar. Conclusiones: Las conductas de acoso escolar presentan una elevada incidencia en la población adolescente estudiada. Tanto las conductas de acoso, como las conductas de acoso de género están asociadas a al género y la edad de los adolescentesStudies proliferate worldwide trying to conclude on the nature, prevalence, risk factors, consequences and forms of prevention and intervention in bullying. Objective: To determine the prevalence of bullying and related factors in adolescent students from a region of Córdoba, Spain. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 325 students (48.9% women) aged between 12-16 years (M = 14.97; SD = 1.4) belonging to 12 educational centers. Bullying was assessed through the Question of Harassment between Equals (CAI). A descriptive study of the harassment and gender-based harassment behaviors were carried out using a bivariate and multivariate analysis, to determine the association between the different harassment behaviors and the sociodemographic variables sex and age of the participants. Results: The prevalence of bullying was 19.1%. Significant association was found between gender and harassment through threats, indirect social exclusion and physical abuse. More young people suffer more verbal abuse and feel socially excluded directly. Those girls considered unattractive, and boys whose behavior differs from stereotypes of their gender or go little with girls, are more likely to suffer bullying. Conclusions: Bullying behaviours have a high incidence in the adolescent population studied. Both bullying behaviours and gender-based bullying behaviours are associated with the gender and age of the adolescent
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