Estudio de volumen molar y refracción molar de miscelas de triglicéridos (triacetina, tributirina o tricaprilina) y alcoholes (etanol, 1-butanol o 1-hexanol)

Values of molar refraction for every studied mixtures show linear plots versus molar fractions of triglyceride. Values of molar volume show this behaviour, but only for tributyrin-butanol or tricaprylin-butanol miscellas. However, in tributyrin-ethanol mixtures, volume contractions have been found, whereas triacetin-butanol and tributyrin-hexanol show volume expansions. These facts are related to the mode of being structured of the alcohol and triglyceride molecules in mixtures. A linear relationship between molar volume and temperature have been found, and also a linear dependence between the coefficient of thermal expansion at constant pressure and the molar fraction of triglyceride.Los valores de la refracción molar en todas las miscelas estudiadas presentan variaciones lineales frente a la fracción molar de triglicérido. la misma variación que presentan los valores del volumen molar de las miscelas tributirina y tricaprilina en butanol. Sin embargo, en las miscelas de tributirina-etanol se encuentran contracciones de volumen mientras que en las de triacetina-butanol y tributirina-hexanol expansiones, atribuidas en ambos casos a la forma de estructurarse las moléculas de alcohol y triglicérido en las miscelas. Por otra parte, se encuentra una variación lineal entre el volumen molar de las miscelas y la temperatura, y se establece una relación lineal entre el coeficiente de dilatación térmico molar a presión constante y la fracción molar de triglicérido en los cinco sistemas estudiados

Estudio de volumen molar y refracción molar de miscelas de triglicéridos (triacetina, tributirina o tricaprilina) y alcoholes (etanol, 1-butanol o 1-hexanol)

Values of molar refraction for every studied mixtures show linear plots versus molar fractions of triglyceride. Values of molar volume show this behaviour, but only for tributyrin-butanol or tricaprylin-butanol miscellas. However, in tributyrin-ethanol mixtures, volume contractions have been found, whereas triacetin-butanol and tributyrin-hexanol show volume expansions. These facts are related to the mode of being structured of the alcohol and triglyceride molecules in mixtures.
 A linear relationship between molar volume and temperature have been found, and also a linear dependence between the coefficient of thermal expansion at constant pressure and the molar fraction of triglyceride.<br><br>Los valores de la refracción molar en todas las miscelas estudiadas presentan variaciones lineales frente a la fracción molar de triglicérido. la misma variación que presentan los valores del volumen molar de las miscelas tributirina y tricaprilina en butanol. Sin embargo, en las miscelas de tributirina-etanol se encuentran contracciones de volumen mientras que en las de triacetina-butanol y tributirina-hexanol expansiones, atribuidas en ambos casos a la forma de estructurarse las moléculas de alcohol y triglicérido en las miscelas.
 Por otra parte, se encuentra una variación lineal entre el volumen molar de las miscelas y la temperatura, y se establece una relación lineal entre el coeficiente de dilatación térmico molar a presión constante y la fracción molar de triglicérido en los cinco sistemas estudiados

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Estudios físico-químicos de miscelas de aceites vegetales XIV. Volumen molar, refracción molar y viscosidad de disoluciones de estearato de metilo en ciciohexano, hexano, tetracloroetileno o tricloroetileno

In the miscelies studied, molar volume and molar refraction values show linear dependence with the molar fraction of methyl stearate.&#13; Viscosity values fit Hildebrand's modified equation, where the "V&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;" parameter is a linear function of the molar fraction of methyl stearate.&#13; Regarding with this three physico-chemical properties, the mixtures studied behave like ideal mixtures of two organic liquids without ionization.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;En todas las miscelas estudiadas los valores del volumen molar y de la refracción molar presentan variaciones lineales en función de la fracción molar de estearato de metilo.&#13; Los valores de viscosidad de las miscelas estudiadas se ajustan a la ecuación de fluidez de Hildebrand modificada, siendo su parámetro "V&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;" función lineal de la fracción molar de estearato de metilo.&#13; En relación con estas tres características, el comportamiento de las miscelas estudiadas no difiere significativamente del correspondiente a una mezcla "ideal" de dos líquidos orgánicos sin ionizar

Estudio histoquímico e inmunohistoquímico de las células gonadotropas de la pituitaria de Fundulus heteroclitus

11 páginas, 4 figuras, 2 tablas.[EN] A selection of various conventional histochemical techniques, lectins and antibodies were used to identify the gonadotropic and somatotropic cells in the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus pituitary. Distribution and variation of the gonadotropic cells and some histochemical reactions (PAS and Alcian Blue) largely parallel the cyclic changes in the gonads (GSI). Pituitary cells located in the ventral proximal pars distalis (PPD) and pars intermedia (PI) of the pituitary of the killifish, contain basophilic granules, which were positive to Alcian Blue and PAS reactions. These cells showed reactivity to different lectins, indicating the presence of Man (mannose) and/or Glc (glucose); GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) and NANA (sialic acids); Gal (galactose) as well as GalNAc (N-acetylgalactosamine) sugar residues of glycoconjugates. These pituitary basophilic cells were stained with anti carp a,b GTH, and specially with anti carp b GTH; the maximal and minimal immunostaining, against the first antisera used, were observed during maturation/spawning period and during postspawning/resting phase, respectively. On the other hand, acidophilic cells located in the dorsal proximal pars distalis (PPD) of the pituitary gland of the killifish, were selectively stained with eosin, light green and/or orange G, when Haematoxylin-eosin, Haematoxylin-V.O.F and/or Alcian Blue-PAS-Orange G techniques were performed, respectively. These acidophilic cells were negative to PAS, Alcian Blue and lectins reactions; they contain proteins rich in different aminoacids and showed specific immunostaining against anti recombinant seabream growth hormone (anti rsbGH).[ES] Un grupo de diferentes técnicas histoquímicas convencionales, lectinas y anticuerpos han sido utilizadas para identificar las células gonadotropas y somatotropas de la pituitaria del fundulus, Fundulus heteroclitus. La distribución y variación de las células gonadotropas y algunas reacciones histoquímicas (PAS y Azul Alcián) se producen de forma paralela a los cambios cíclicos anuales que experimentan las gonadas (GSI). Las células localizadas en la porción ventral de la proximal pars distalis (PPD) y en la pars intermedia (PI) de la pituitaria de Fundulus heteroclitus contienen gránulos basófilos y positivos a las reacciones de Azul Alcián y PAS. Estas células fueron reactivas con diferentes lectinas, indicando la presencia de glicoconjugados con residuos de Man (manosa) y/o Glc (glucosa); GlcNAc (N-acetilglucosamina) and NANA (ácidos siálicos); Gal (galactosa), así como GalNAc (N-acetilgalactosamina). Estas células basófilas, positivas con el anticuerpo anti carpa α,β GTH y especialmente con anti carp β GTH, mostraron las máximas y mínimas inmunotinciones, con el primer anticuerpo usado, durante el periodo de maduración/puesta y durante el periodo de postpuesta-reposo, respectivamente. Por otra parte, las células acidófilas localizadas en la porción dorsal de la proximal pars distalis (PPD) de la pituitaria de Fundulus heteroclitus, fueron selectivamente teñidas con eosina/ verde-luz y/u orange G (Hematoxilina-eosina/ Hematoxilina-V.O.F. y/o Azul Alcián-PAS-Orange G). Estas células acidófilas que contienen proteinas ricas en diferentes aminoácidos, fueron negativas a las reacciones del PAS, Azul Alcián y lectinas y mostraron inmunotinción específica frente al antisuero, anti hormona de crecimiento recombinante de dorada (anti rsbGH).This work was supported by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain (Projects CICYT-PB93, 1994-1997 and CYTMAR95-1888- CO3-CO2, 1996-1999).Peer reviewe

Effects of environmental cycles (light and temperature) on sole larvae development

Peer Reviewe

Impact of Inadequate Empirical Therapy on the Mortality of Patients with Bloodstream Infections: a Propensity Score-Based Analysis

The impact of the adequacy of empirical therapy on outcome for patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) is key for determining whether adequate empirical coverage should be prioritized over other, more conservative approaches. Recent systematic reviews outlined the need for new studies in the field, using improved methodologies. We assessed the impact of inadequate empirical treatment on the mortality of patients with BSI in the present-day context, incorporating recent methodological recommendations. A prospective multicenter cohort including all BSI episodes in adult patients was performed in 15 hospitals in Andalucía, Spain, over a 2-month period in 2006 to 2007. The main outcome variables were 14- and 30-day mortality. Adjusted analyses were performed by multivariate analysis and propensity score-based matching. Eight hundred one episodes were included. Inadequate empirical therapy was administered in 199 (24.8%) episodes; mortality at days 14 and 30 was 18.55% and 22.6%, respectively. After controlling for age, Charlson index, Pitt score, neutropenia, source, etiology, and presentation with severe sepsis or shock, inadequate empirical treatment was associated with increased mortality at days 14 and 30 (odds ratios [ORs], 2.12 and 1.56; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI], 1.34 to 3.34 and 1.01 to 2.40, respectively). The adjusted ORs after a propensity score-based matched analysis were 3.03 and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.60 to 5.74 and 0.98 to 2.98, respectively). In conclusion, inadequate empirical therapy is independently associated with increased mortality in patients with BSI. Programs to improve the quality of empirical therapy in patients with suspicion of BSI and optimization of definitive therapy should be implemented