性别视角下大学生的阅读习惯

Reading is one of the processes which has been cultivated over time in order to be shown as a reflection of the situation of female and all the conditioning factors that they face. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse some variables in relation to the reading habits of university students, from the perspective of gender. With regard to method carried out, an ex post facto design of single group was planned. The sample was composed of 277 university students (Mage = 22.20, SE = 4.367) of both genders (20.7% male; 79.3% female). The results show reading as the leisure activity practiced the most by female, especially during holidays, and a statistically significant difference regarding the types of reading was observed (books and comics for female and comics and newspapers for male). For female, their group of friends positively influences the promotion of reading, and with respect to reading competence, the promotion of imagination was the category valued by female the most, also with statistical differences. Thus, knowing the reading habits of university students in a gender-differentiated manner, contributes to helping teachers be sensitive in this educational stage.La lectura es un proceso que se ha culturalizado con el tiempo, a fin de mostrarse como reflejo de la situación de la mujer y de los condicionantes a los que se enfrenta. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar variables relacionadas con el hábito lector en universitarios, desde una perspectiva de género. Por lo que se refiere al método empleado, se planificó un diseño ex post facto, prospectivo de grupo único. La muestra, estuvo formada por 277 estudiantes universitarios (Medad = 22.20, DE = 4.367) de ambos sexos (20.7% hombres; 79.3% mujeres). Los resultados mostraron la lectura como una actividad de ocio más practicada por las mujeres, especialmente en vacaciones y se observó una preferencia diferenciada estadísticamente en los tipos de lectura (libros y revistas en mujeres, y cómics y periódicos en hombres). Para las mujeres, el grupo de amigos influyó positiva y significativamente en el fomento de la lectura, y respecto a la competencia lectora, el fomento de la imaginación fue la categoría más valorada por mujeres, también con diferenciación significativa. Así, conocer el hábito lector que presentan los estudiantes universitarios diferenciados por género, contribuye a sensibilizar a los docentes de la necesidad de fomentar la lectura en este nivel educativo.Чтение - это процесс, который со временем приобрел культурный характер, с тем чтобы быть показанным как отражение положения женщин и тех обуславливающих факторов, с которыми они сталкиваются. По этой причине целью данного исследования было проанализировать переменные, связанные с привычкой к чтению среди студентов университета с гендерной точки зрения. Что касается используемого метода, то планировался постфактумный, проспективный, одногрупповой дизайн. Выборка состояла из 277 студентов университета ( Mean = 22.20, SD = 4.367) обоих полов (20.7% мужчин; 79.3% женщин). Результаты показали, что чтение как вид досуга больше практикуется женщинами, особенно во время отпуска, и статистически значимое предпочтение наблюдалось в видах чтения (книги и журналы для женщин, комиксы и газеты для мужчин). Для женщин группа друзей оказала положительное и значительное влияние на продвижение чтения, а что касается компетенции чтения, то продвижение воображения было категорией, наиболее высоко оцененной женщинами, также со значительной дифференциацией. Таким образом, знание привычек чтения студентов университета, дифференцированных по полу, помогает повысить осведомленность преподавателей о необходимости поощрения чтения на этом уровне образования.阅读是随着时间的推移而培养的过程之一，目的是反映女性的处境和她们所面临的所有条件因素。因此，本研究的目的是从性别的角度分析与大学生阅读习惯相关的一些变量。关于所使用的方法，研究计划进行事后的单组前瞻性设计。样本包括 277 名大学生（Mage = 22.20，SE = 4.367）（20.7% 为男性；79.3% 为女性）。结果表明，阅读是女性最常进行的休闲活动，尤其是在假期中。并且在阅读类型（女性的书籍和杂志，男性的漫画和报纸）中我们可以观察到了统计学上的显著差异。对于女性来说，朋友群对阅读的提升有显着的正向影响，而在阅读能力方面，想象力的提升是女性最看重的类别，差异也很显着。因此，了解不同性别的大学生所呈现的阅读习惯有助于让教师意识到在这个教育水平上促进阅读的必要性

Estrategias de ludificación para el desarrollo de la motivación intrinseca en geometría.

Las metodologías activas, entre ellas los procesos ludificados, parten del concepto de la teoría constructivista del aprendizaje, con el foco sobre la motivación y el aprendizaje (Quintana y Jurado, 2019). Pantziara y Philippou (2015) y Moral-Sánchez (2019) afirman en sus investigaciones que la motivación intrínseca en matemáticas está relacionada con el tipo de actividades teniendo como consecuencia un aprendizaje más duradero de los conceptos tratados, al resolver el alumnado problemas con un nivel de dificultad superior, que ni siquiera fueron planteados originalmente. En su estudio, Buil et al. (2019) demuestran que se tiende a desarrollar la motivación intrínseca en cuanto se percibe la experiencia como divertida y hace que se retenga más información y disfrute en el proceso. Se trata de una investigación-acción educativa donde se pretende analizar la motivación extrínseca e intrínseca que se genera al aplicar los entornos gamificados en contextos educativos de la asignatura de matemáticas, concretamente en geometría en segundo y tercero de la ESO.Proyecto de investigación FEDER Junta de Andalucía UAL2020-SEJ-B208

Hydration and carbonation reactions of calcium oxide by weathering: Kinetics and changes in the nanostructure

The weathering reactions of hydration and carbonation of nanostructured calcium oxide with atmospheric moisture and carbon dioxide have been characterized. This work is the first-to-date combined kinetic and nanostructural research on CaO oriented to two key processes for different systems, i.e. hardening of construction materials and carbon mineral sequestration. The evolution of the precipitated crystalline phases was monitored by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry, along with structural characterization by nitrogen physisorption, electron microscopy and small-angle scattering. Complete hydration of the samples was always found prior to the onset of carbon sequestration, which depended on the nanostructure of the samples. Hence, carbonation started after 300 h of weathering for samples with a specific surface area of 40 m2/g, whereas carbonation of the samples with 20 m2/g occurred after 550 h. Full carbonation from atmospheric CO2 (100% efficiency) was obtained in all cases. This combined research was completed by developing an empirical description of the weathering reactions in terms of a two-process Random Pore Model. Finally, this work aimed to determine the role of the nanostructure of samples based on industrial wastes as one of the most important factors for developing efficient carbon sequestration technologies.España Mineco MAT2013-42934-

Adaptation of practical classes of clinical subjects in the COVID-19 era

Pharmaceutical Care is a subject within the Pharmacy Degree that is taught using theoretical and practical classes. When COVID-19 appeared, Faculty of Pharmacy had to change its way of teaching and learning to online classes. Our aim is to assess the impact of COVID-19 situation on practical classes in Pharmaceutical Care. A prospective study was performed by undergraduate students from Pharmaceutical Care subject. Students attended to 2-day practical classes and were assessed through an evaluative workbook. Undergraduate students (n=390) obtained a score of 8.4±0.8 in practical classes, being higher in face-to-face sessions than online sessions, but not significant differences among both methodologies. The higher score was for the session of minor ailment services (9.3±1.3) and the lower for Personalized Medication Dosage (7.0±1.6) and similar in both scenarios. 59% of students obtained more than 8 score in the global punctuation, being higher in in-face-to-face practical classes. This study showed that learning in health care can be guided and evaluated through an online method. Adapt to new technologies, prevent vulnerable students from being left behind, as well as working on cross-cutting skills at a distance, are some of the challenges of higher education in times of COVID-19

Combination of global features for the automatic quality assessment of retinal images

Producción CientíficaDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of visual loss in developed countries. Computer-aided diagnosis systems aimed at detecting DR can reduce the workload of ophthalmologists in screening programs. Nevertheless, a large number of retinal images cannot be analyzed by physicians and automatic methods due to poor quality. Automatic retinal image quality assessment (RIQA) is needed before image analysis. The purpose of this study was to combine novel generic quality features to develop a RIQA method. Several features were calculated from retinal images to achieve this goal. Features derived from the spatial and spectral entropy-based quality (SSEQ) and the natural images quality evaluator (NIQE) methods were extracted. They were combined with novel sharpness and luminosity measures based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and the hue saturation value (HSV) color model, respectively. A subset of non-redundant features was selected using the fast correlation-based filter (FCBF) method. Subsequently, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network was used to obtain the quality of images from the selected features. Classification results achieved 91.46% accuracy, 92.04% sensitivity, and 87.92% specificity. Results suggest that the proposed RIQA method could be applied in a more general computer-aided diagnosis system aimed at detecting a variety of retinal pathologies such as DR and age-related macular degeneration.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (projects RTC-2015-3467-1 and DPI2017-84280-R

Therapeutic Value of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on the Efficacy of New Therapies in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

The introduction of new therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is a very recent phenomenon and little is known of their mechanism of action. Moreover, the response is subject to interindividual variability and may be affected by genetic factors, such as polymorphisms in the genes implicated in the pathologic environment, pharmacodynamics, and metabolism of the disease or in the mechanism of action of the medications, influencing the effectiveness of these therapies. This review evaluates the impact of pharmacogenetics on the response to treatment with new therapies in patients diagnosed with MS. The results suggest that polymorphisms detected in the GSTP1, ITGA4, NQO1, AKT1, and GP6 genes, for treatment with natalizumab, ZMIZ1, for fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate, ADA, for cladribine, and NOX3, for dimethyl fumarate, may be used in the future as predictive markers of treatment response to new therapies in MS patients. However, there are few existing studies and their samples are small, making it difficult to generalize the role of these genes in treatment with new therapies. Studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are therefore needed to confirm the results of these studies

Motor Skills and Visual Deficits in Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Narrative Review

Background: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a developmental disorder in which numerous comorbidities seem to coexist, such as motor and visual impairment and some executive functions; Methods: A narrative review on motor and visual deficits in children with DCD was carried out; Results and Discussion: Fine and gross motor skills are affected in children with DCD. In addition, they seem to be related to visual deficits, such as difficulty in visual perception, sensory processing and visual memory. Limitations have also been found in accommodation. Interventions in children with DCD should be aimed at improving both aspects, since vision affects motor skills and vice versa; Conclusions: In children with DCD, who present a marked deficit in global shape processing, it causes an association between deficiencies in visual perception and motor skills.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Efect of high co2 levels on fungal decay and quality in stored table grapes

[SPA] En este trabajo nos hemos centrado en el efecto del pretratamiento con un 20% CO2+20% O2+60% N2 durante 3 días en el mantenimiento de la calidad del fruto (color, sólidos solubles y acidez titulable), acumulación de antocianos totales, trans-resveratrol en la piel y en la expresión de genes que codifican para proteínas relacionadas con la patogénesis (PR) en uvas de mesa cv. ‘Cardinal’. Nuestros resultados indican que este tratamiento gaseoso redujo los cambios metabólicos asociados a la conservación a 0ºC y fue eficaz en el control fúngico durante el periodo de almacenamiento. Concretamente, el tratamiento limitó la acumulación de antocianos totales asociada con la aplicación de bajas temperaturas (0ºC) durante la fase inicial de conservación. El menor ataque fúngico de las bayas tratadas con altas concentraciones de CO2 se correspondía con una menor expresión del gen que codifica para la quitinasa de clase I. Asimismo, el patrón de cambios en el contenido de resveratrol en la piel de uva durante su conservación a 0ºC y posterior transferencia a temperatura ambiente revelan la eficacia del tratamiento en la restricción del crecimiento fúngico, sin afectar a la calidad del fruto. [ENG] The effect of pretreatment with 20% CO2+20% O2+60% N2 for 3 days was studied with regards to its effectiveness on the maintenance of fruit quality (color, soluble solids content and titratable acidity), total anthocyanins content, trans-resveratrol levels in the skin and the pattern of specific PR genes in table grapes cv. ‘Cardinal’. Our results indicate that this short-term high CO2 treatment reduced the metabolic changes associated with low temperature storage at 0ºC and it was effective for controlling fungal decay during storage period. Specifically, this treatment restrained the accumulation of total anthocyanins observed the first days of storage at 0ºC in non-treated table grapes. The lower fungal decay observed in CO2-treated grapes was consistent with a reduction in the expression of class I chitinase. Moreover, the pattern of changes in trans-resveratrol content in the skin during low temperature storage and upon transfer to 20ºC confirm the efficacy of high CO2 pretreatment in reducing total fungal decay, maintaining fruit quality.Este trabajo está financiado por la CICYT proyecto AGL2005-04502. La cuantificación de trans-resveratrol se realizó en la Unidad de Láseres y Haces Moleculares, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Madrid. MT.S.-B. y R.M. tienen contratos I3P

Sentido de la medida y magnitud superficie: un experimento de enseñanza con alumnado de primaria

Measurement sense implies a complex process, which begins with the perception and comparison of measurable attributes, and it´s completed with measurement techniques and estimation strategies in contextualized situations. For surface area, the importance given to the use of formulas, even at early stages, in the detriment of understanding measure units, blocks the development of measurement sense. Through a teaching experiment carried out with students of fourth-grade in primary school, the potentialities and difficulties that arise when implementing a didactical sequence for introducing the surface magnitude are explored. Children work collaboratively solving contextualized tasks, aimed at fostering the understanding of the main surface area units and their relationships. Estimation and the multiplicative principle play a key role along the sequence.El sentido de la medida supone un proceso complejo que se inicia con la percepción y comparación de cualidades medibles y se completa con técnicas de medición y estrategias de estimación en situaciones contextualizadas. En la magnitud superficie, la importancia concedida al uso de fórmulas, incluso en los niveles tempranos, en detrimento de la comprensión de las unidades de medida, obstaculiza el desarrollo del sentido de la medida en los escolares. Mediante un experimento de enseñanza llevado a cabo en una clase de 4º de Educación Primaria, se exploran potencialidades y dificultades que emergen al implementar una secuencia didáctica para la introducción de la magnitud superficie. Los escolares trabajan de forma colaborativa resolviendo tareas contextualizadas encaminadas a promover la comprensión de las principales unidades de superficie y de las relaciones entre ellas. La estimación y el principio multiplicativo juegan un papel fundamental a lo largo de la secuencia